抗转铁蛋白受体单链抗体的表达、纯化及活性测定

根据转铁蛋白受体和转铁蛋白特异性结合的性质,利用亲和纯化的方法从胎盘中提取转铁蛋白受体。以转铁蛋白受体为抗原包被免疫管,从全合成人源噬菌体单链抗体库中筛选其抗体。对筛选到的抗体进行特异性鉴定后,将抗体基因插入表达载体pET22b( ),转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导后获得可溶性表达。HeLa细胞的免疫组化结果显示,表达的抗体可以与转铁蛋白受体结合。表达产物经Ni-NTA金属螯和层析柱纯化、脱咪唑后,从尾静脉注射小鼠。1h后,去除血液及毛细血管的干扰,在脑实质中检测到了抗体的存在,说明该抗体可以通过血脑屏障。     

亲和层析法用于噬菌体抗体库的筛选

本研究报道一种基于固定化金属亲和层析(IMAC)的噬菌体抗体库液相筛选方法。将纯化的带有His标签的抗原与噬菌体抗体库混合,噬菌体抗体与抗原充分结合后再加入亲和介质,使噬菌体抗体抗原复合物通过His标签与介质结合,然后通过充分洗涤去除非特异性噬菌体抗体,最后将特异性噬菌体抗体洗脱下来,感染TG1,进行下一轮筛选。整个筛选过程中抗原与抗体的结合在液相中完成,不仅消除了固相介质对抗原表位的影响,也更有利于噬菌体抗体与抗原的充分作用。将此方法应用于HEV NE2蛋白特异性人源噬菌体抗体的筛选,抗原竞争ELISA,阳性血清阻断,可溶性单链抗体表达检测及测序结果表明,最终获得2个特异性人源抗体。     

抗呼吸道合胞病毒融合蛋白单链抗体的筛选及初步鉴定

目的：从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选人源性抗呼吸道合胞病毒F蛋白的单链抗体。方法：以RSV F蛋白为靶抗原,通过“吸附-洗涤-洗脱-扩增”过程从天然人源性噬菌体抗体库中筛选特异性抗F蛋白单链抗体。5轮筛选后,单克隆经ELISA检测,阳性克隆进行核酸序列分析,并将阳性克隆噬菌体感染E.coli HB2151,经IPTG诱导,制备抗RSV F蛋白的可溶性单链抗体,并进行Western及Dot blot分析。结果：经过筛选,获得了18株能与F蛋白特异性结合的阳性克隆,取OD值最高的克隆E4经测序并检索Kabat数据库分析,显示其基因与人免疫球蛋白可变区基因具有高度同源性,Western及Dot blot分析表明为单链抗体。结论：利用天然人源性噬菌体抗体库技术制备出高特异性的人源性抗RSV F蛋白单链抗体。     

从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗Acr蛋白人源单链抗体

目的:从天然的大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选特异的抗结核分枝杆菌晶体蛋白( alpha-crystallin Acr)的人源抗体.方法:以结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白包被免疫管,通过对噬菌体抗体库进行4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的过程从大容量抗体库中筛选特异性抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的抗体,并对可变区序列进行了测序分析.将特异性的噬菌体抗体感染HB2151菌,经IPTG诱导表达,制备了抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体;对其序列和抗原结合活性进行分析鉴定.结果:经过4轮筛选,获得了43个与结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白结合的阳性克隆,其中29个特异结合的克隆;测序分析有26不同的可变区片段;通过可溶性单链抗体(scFv)表达筛选到14株特异性结合Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体克隆;经过基因测序,分析了可变区基因的亚群.成功制备了可溶性单链抗体.Westren blotting分析证实筛选的人源单链抗体能与天然蛋白结合.结论:利用单链大容量抗体库获得抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的噬菌体抗体并且成功制备抗结核分枝杆菌Acr天然蛋白的可溶性单链抗体,为今后的研究和应用奠定基础.     

β淀粉样蛋白人源性抗体的制备

目的:应用噬菌体展示及抗体库技术,制备并鉴定β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)人源性抗体。方法:应用固相筛选方法,以人工合成的Aβ1-15肽为靶标分子,在大容量全合成人源性噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗Aβ人源性抗体,并进行特异性鉴定。结果:经过3轮筛选,单克隆鉴定获得噬菌体抗体F11,竞争性ELISA表明抗体对Aβ1-42的结合位点位于1～15氨基酸残基内,ELISA结果证实抗体特异性良好。结论:以Aβ1-15肽为靶标分子获得了特异性良好的人源性抗体。     

从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗DNA-PKcs单链抗体

目的：从单链大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选特异性的抗DNA-PKcs的人源抗体,用于肿瘤治疗或诊断目的。方法：经抗原性分析及BLAST比对,选定人DNA-PKcs蛋白中抗原性高且与其他蛋白没有同源性的片段,进行原核表达及纯化后将其固定在抗原管上,通过4轮“吸附－洗脱－扩增”过程从大容量抗体库中筛选特异性抗体,转化HB2151菌,制备抗DNA-PKcs的可溶性单链抗体;ELISA检测抗原-抗体结合活性。结果：经生物信息学分析,确定抗原性高且与其他蛋白没有同源性的DNA-PKcs片段DPK3（250个AA）、DPK4（257个AA）。经过4轮筛选,获得26个特异性结合DPK3及31个特异结合DPK4的克隆,指纹分析分别有5种和21种不同的可变区片段;成功制备了可溶性抗体。并做了抗原结合活性鉴定。结论：利用单链大容量抗体库获得抗DNA-PKcs的噬菌体抗体基因并且成功制备成可溶性抗体,为今后的研究和应用奠定了基础。     

人源抗ICAM-1单链抗体的制备及其生物学活性鉴定

利用噬菌体展示技术筛选特异性人源抗ICAM-1单链抗体（Anti-human ICAM-1 scFv）并进行生物学活性鉴定。应用Tomlinson I+J噬菌体抗体库,以P1抗原肽为包被抗原,经过4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”进行亲和富集筛选。以PCR反应、ELISA抗原交叉反应和Dot blotting实验进行阳性克隆的鉴定。scFv经原核表达和分离纯化后,以Western blotting实验、竞争ELISA实验和细胞黏附抑制实验对其生物学活性进行初步鉴定。Tomlinson I+J噬菌体抗体库经4轮亲和富集筛选,利用ELISA方法成功筛出4株阳性克隆。通过PCR鉴定反应、ELISA抗原交叉反应和Dot blotting实验,最终获得了1株既能与P1抗原肽特异结合又能与人ICAM-1抗原特异结合的阳性克隆J-A1。对scFv进行原核表达和亲和层析后获得了高纯度的目的蛋白。竞争ELISA实验和细胞黏附抑制实验证实纯化的scFv具有良好的亲和活性和抗细胞黏附活性。文中成功利用噬菌体展示技术筛选到特异性人源抗ICAM-1 scFv,为进一步探索该抗体在炎症相关性疾病治疗中的应用奠定了基础。     

利用HER2/neu胞外配体结合区2从噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗体及其初步鉴定

目的:利用HER2/neu胞外配体结合区2(RLD2)从噬菌体抗体库中筛选相应抗体,并进行初步检测。方法:设计合成引物,利用PCR方法克隆出RLD2基因后,将其连接到pET-24a( )载体中,在大肠杆菌中实现高效表达。对包涵体蛋白经纯化、透析复性后得到目的蛋白。以得到的目的蛋白为靶标,从人源性噬菌体抗体库中进行4轮筛选得到抗体,经ELISA法初步鉴定,并用MTT法检测阳性克隆。结果与结论:初步得到6株亲和力较高的抗HER2/neu抗体,选取其中2株进行了MTT法检测,表明对HER2高表达的乳腺癌细胞有较明显的抑制作用。     

人源抗汉坦病毒核衣壳蛋白T7噬菌体抗体库的构建

构建人源T7噬菌体单链抗体(scFv)库筛选抗汉坦病毒核衣壳蛋白(NP)抗体。从肾综合征出血热恢复期患者外周血淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA第一条链,PCR分别扩增抗体重链可变区基因(VH)和轻链可变区基因(VL),经重叠延伸拼接(SOE)PCR组成scFv基因,并将其与T7噬菌体载体的2个臂相连接。体外包装后,在宿主菌BLT5403中,扩增重组噬菌体抗体库。以基因工程表达NP进行4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的筛选,酶免疫实验检测抗体活性。所建抗体库库容为1.35×107,扩增后初级库滴度为2.12×1010pfu/mL。以NP抗原筛选后抗体出现特异性富集,经酶免疫实验鉴定,得到2株与NP抗原特异结合的噬菌体抗体。结果表明,研究成功构建了人源抗NP蛋白T7噬菌体抗体库。     

人源抗发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒-Gn蛋白重组抗体的研究

为研制人源抗发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒(Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,SFTSV)Gn蛋白重组抗体,本研究利用噬菌体表面展示技术,以SFTSV全病毒颗粒和重组表达SFTSV-Gn蛋白为抗原,从人源抗SFTSV Fab噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗SFTSV-Gn蛋白的重组Fab抗体,通过ELISA对Fab抗体的结合特异性进行检测。将Fab抗体基因克隆入哺乳动物细胞表达载体HL51-14,瞬时转染293T细胞获得分泌表达的IgG抗体。通过ELISA、IFA和Western-blotting检测IgG抗体的结合特异性。采用亲和层析纯化IgG抗体,并用微量中和试验检测IgG抗体的中和活性。结果表明经过三轮富集筛选,以SFTSV病毒颗粒为抗原筛选出364株针对SFTS病毒核蛋白Fab抗体,没有筛选出特异性结合Gn蛋白的阳性克隆,而通过Gn蛋白筛选得到8株特异结合Gn蛋白的Fab抗体,其中5株来自Lambda库,3株来自Kappa库。ELISA、IFA和Western-blotting检测证实这8株IgG抗体均能特异性结合Gn蛋白。微量中和试验显示8株新筛抗体没有中和活性,但仍可为后续SFTSV人源单克隆抗体的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

Iodination significantly influences the binding of human transferrin to the transferrin receptor

The human transferrin receptor (TfR) and its ligand, the serum iron carrier transferrin, serve as a model system for endocytic receptors. Although the complete structure of the receptor's ectodomain and a partial structure of the ligand have been published, conflicting results still exist about the magnitude of equilibrium binding constants, possibly due to different labeling techniques. In the present study, we determined the equilibrium binding constant of purified human TfR and transferrin. The results were compared to those obtained with either iodinated TfR or transferrin. Using an enzyme-linked assay for receptor-ligand interactions based on the published direct calibration ELISA technique, we determined an equilibrium constant of Kd=0.22 nM for the binding of unmodified human Tf to surface-immobilized human TfR. In a reciprocal experiment using soluble receptor and surface-bound transferrin, a similar constant of Kd=0.23 nM was measured. In contrast, covalent labeling of either TfR or transferrin with 125I reduced the affinity 3-5-fold to Kd=0.66 nM and Kd=1.01 nM, respectively. The decrease in affinity upon iodination of transferrin is contrasted by an only 1.9-fold decrease in the association rate constant, suggesting that the iodination affects rather the dissociation than the association kinetics. These results indicate that precautions should be taken when interpreting equilibrium and rate constants determined with covalently labeled components.     

从噬菌体抗体库中淘选血纤维蛋白特异的单链抗体

为构建小鼠噬菌体抗体库 ,以获得对人血纤维蛋白特异的抗体 ,由小鼠脾脏提取 m RNA,经反转录 PCR扩增出抗体重链、轻链可变区基因片段 ,将二者和一段编码十五肽 (Gly4 Ser) 3的 DNA接头借助重组 PCR组装成为单链抗体 (single- chain antibody,Sc Ab)基因 .将单链抗体基因插入噬菌体展示载体 p CANTAB- 5E,通过电击法转化大肠杆菌 TG1细胞 ,用辅助噬菌体 M1 3K0 7超感染 ,构建了库容量在 1 0 8以上的噬菌体单链抗体库 .利用亲和选择方法 (淘选 ) ,从噬菌体抗体库中选得血纤维蛋白特异的单链抗体 .模拟抗体成熟过程 ,用 DNA改组 (DNA shuffling)技术使抗体基因重新组合 ,构建新的改组抗体库 ,并从中选择到提高了亲和力的噬菌体单链抗体 .抗体基因在大肠杆菌中表达 ,表达蛋白经 Sephadex G- 75柱层析分离 ,得到初步纯化的单链抗体蛋白 .     

高效构建卵清白蛋白scFv噬菌体文库及其筛选

目的:建立一种高效噬菌体文库构建方法,获得抗鸡卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)的单链抗体(scFv)噬菌体展示文库,筛选鉴定获得OVA单链抗体。方法:用OVA蛋白免疫Balb/C小鼠,选取血清抗体效价高的小鼠提取脾脏RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增获得小鼠重链和小鼠轻链基因。通过无缝连接酶一步将小鼠重链基因、轻链基因和linker DNA连接起来,插入噬菌体表达载体中,构建OVA scFv噬菌体展示文库。测定文库容量,对文库进行富集筛选,ELISA鉴定阳性克隆,测序后构建真核表达载体,转入Expi-CHO悬浮细胞进行真核表达,利用Western blot进行鉴定。结果:成功获得库容量为1. 2×10~7cfu的OVA scFv噬菌体展示文库,并从中筛选出8个阳性克隆,选取效价最高的2号克隆,在Expi-CHO悬浮细胞中表达获得可溶性抗体。结论:建立了一种高效构建scFv噬菌体文库的方法,筛选获得高结合活性的OVA单链抗体,并成功进行了真核表达,为OVA ELISA检测试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

通过构建轻链二级库对人源抗TNF-α抗体进行亲和力成熟

通过构建轻链二级库的方法,对人源抗ＴＮＦ－α单抗Ｆａｂ进行轻链置换,并筛选出具有更高亲和力的人源抗ＴＮＦ－α单抗的Ｆａｂ。首先用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术扩增正常人全套抗体轻链基因,并与已获得的人源抗ＴＮＦ－α单抗的重链基因配对,构建人源抗ＴＮＦ－α噬菌体抗体轻链二级库,然后筛选与ＴＮＦ－α具有更高亲和力的克隆,经过三轮的生物淘筛（ｂｉｏｐａｎｎｉｎｇ）,获得了比原来的人源抗ＴＮＦ－α单抗Ｆａｂ具有更高亲和     

The hamster transferrin receptor contains Ser/Thr-linked oligosaccharides: use of a lectin-resistant CHO cell line to identify glycoproteins containing these linkages.

We recently reported that the human transferrin receptor (TfR) contains O-linked GalNAc residues [1]. To investigate whether this modification is shared by transferrin receptors in other mammals, we investigated the glycosylation of TfR in hamster cells. To facilitate our analysis the lectin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line Lec8 was used. These cells are unable to galactosylate glycoproteins, resulting in truncation of the Ser/Thr-linked oligosaccharides to a single residue of terminal alpha-linked GalNAc. This structure is bound with high affinity by the lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA). The TfR was affinity purified from Lec8 cells metabolically radiolabeled with [3H]glucosamine and the receptor was found to bind tightly to HPA-Sepharose. Treatment of the purified TfR with mild alkaline/borohydride released [3H]GalNAcitol, demonstrating the presence of O-linked GalNAc. We also found that many other unidentified [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins from Lec8 cells were bound by HPA-Sepharose. The bound and unbound glycoproteins were separated by SDS/PAGE and individual species were selected for treatment with mild base/borohydride. Treatment of glycoproteins bound by HPA, but not those unbound, resulted in the release of [3H]GalNAcitol. These studies demonstrate both that the hamster TfR contains O-linked oligosaccharides and that this approach may have general utility for identifying the presence of these oligosaccharides in other glycoproteins.     

A recycling anti-transferrin receptor-1 monoclonal antibody as an efficient therapy for erythroleukemia through target up-regulation and antibody-dependent cytotoxic effector functions

Targeting transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) with monoclonal antibodies is a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer as tumor cells often overexpress TfR1 and show increased iron needs. We have re-engineered six anti-human TfR1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies into fully human scFv₂-Fcγ1 and IgG1 antibodies. We selected the more promising candidate (H7), based on its ability to inhibit TfR1-mediated iron-loaded transferrin internalization in Raji cells (B-cell lymphoma). The H7 antibody displayed nanomolar affinity for its target in both formats (scFv₂-Fcγ1 and IgG1), but cross-reacted with mouse TfR1 only in the scFv₂-Fc format. H7 reduced the intracellular labile iron pool and, contrary to what has been observed with previously described anti-TfR1 antibodies, upregulated TfR1 level in Raji cells. H7 scFv₂-Fc format elimination half-life was similar in FcRn knock-out and wild type mice, suggesting that TfR1 recycling contributes to prevent H7 elimination in vivo. In vitro, H7 inhibited the growth of erythroleukemia and B-cell lymphoma cell lines (IC₅₀ 0.1 µg/mL) and induced their apoptosis. Moreover, the Im9 B-cell lymphoma cell line, which is resistant to apoptosis induced by rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody), was sensitive to H7. In vivo, tumor regression was observed in nude mice bearing ERY-1 erythroleukemia cell xenografts treated with H7 through a mechanism that involved iron deprivation and antibody-dependent cytotoxic effector functions. Therefore, targeting TfR1 using the fully human anti-TfR1 H7 is a promising tool for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.     

Structural and functional stability of the mature transferrin receptor from human placenta

The transferrin receptor (TfR) is a N- and O-glycosylated transmembrane protein mediating the cellular iron uptake by binding and internalization of diferric transferrin. In this study, rate constants and dissociation constants of 125I-ferri-transferrin binding to the human TfR were examined dependent on receptor glycan composition, pH, bivalent cations, and temperature. To do so, purified human placental TfR was noncovalently immobilized to polystyrene surfaces and subjected to alterations in various parameters. We found that transferrin binding was clearly dependent on a receptor pretreatment with buffers of various pH in that most of the TfR molecules irreversibly lost transferrin binding activity below pH 6.5. However, the dissociation constant of the remaining active binding sites was not affected. Similarly, we were able to define the thermal stability of the receptor as a function of transferrin binding ability. Binding of transferrin was completely lost provided that the receptor was pretreated at temperatures of at least 65 degrees C. Treatment with EDTA also caused an irreversible loss of transferrin binding activity, indicating that the functionally active conformation of the mature TfR depends on bivalent cations. In order to examine the role of the receptor glycans, we enzymatically removed the sialic acid residues, the hybrid and oligomannosidic N-glycans, or all types of N-glycans. In contrast to the parameters described above, all desialylated and N-deglycosylated TfR variants had exactly the same transferrin binding properties as the native TfR. To assess changes in the secondary structure of the receptor, circular dichroic spectra were recorded from TfR at pH 5.0, from heat pretreated receptor and from deglycosylated TfR. Since the receptor did not exhibit detectable changes in the CD spectrum of the deglycosylated receptor, it can be concluded that the N-linked carbohydrates of the mature, fully processed TfR are not essential for transferrin binding and conformational stability.