CN—92植酸酶产生菌的诱变选育及产酶条件的研究

以无花果曲霉IFFI2227为出发菌株,通过NTGT和Co60复合诱变处理,获得5株产植酸酶活力比出发菌株高2．1～2．5倍的高产菌株。其中1株CN－92菌产酶性能稳定,研究了该菌株的最适产酶条件：培养温度30℃,培养基起始pH6．0培养时间72h。适宜于该菌株产植酸酶的优良固体培养基组成为：麸皮、豆饼粉、硫酸铵及少量无机磷,培养基含水率51％。葡萄糖、乳糖和MH4Cl、NH4NO3等不同程度地抑制植酸酶的合成,微量元素如Mn,Zn,Cu等对产酶无促进作用。     

海藻糖生产过程中产酶发酵条件的研究

研究了产酶的培养基组分和比例以及最佳培养条件对微球菌生产麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合成酶(MTSase)和麦芽寡糖基海藻糖海藻糖水解酶(MTHase)的影响,得到最优培养基组成为：葡萄糖2．0％,酵母膏2．0％,蛋白胨1．0％,磷酸氢二钾0．1％,硫酸镁0．05％;优化后的培养条件为：以15％的接种量接种至250mL的锥形瓶中,装液量为50mL,初始pH值7．5～8．5,培养温度为30℃,摇床培养4d。经优化后菌体干重由原来的1．938g／L增加到18．5g／L,生物量几乎增长了10倍;而酶活也由原来的30．64U／g增加到206．11U／g,酶活提高了接近7倍。     

聚半乳糖醛酸酶高产菌的产酶条件研究

通过单因素及正交试验对米曲霉（Aspergillus orza）C491产生聚半乳糖醛酸酶的发酵条件进行了优化。该菌株的摇床发酵滤液以桔子果胶为底物时酶活力可达344．8U／mL。产酶最适培养基组成为：麦芽汁（糖度6％）中添加6％桔皮粉,2％硫酸铵（w/v）。最适培养条件：起始pH4（灭菌前）,30℃,r/min,培养112h。Tween80可以促进C－491产酶。     

手性拆分环氧氯丙烷菌株的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件研究

从土壤中筛选到5株环氧化物水解酶生产菌,并通过ITS序列鉴定了其中的C375菌,结果为黑曲霉（Aspergillus nigerZJB-09103）。考察了培养基不同碳源、氮源、金属离子和pH等对产酶的影响,得到了较佳的培养基条件：淀粉16g／L,豆饼粉3g／L,蛋白胨3g／L,KH2PO4 0．4g／L,K2HPO4 0．8g／L,MgSO4 0．2g／L,ZnSO4 0．03g／L,pH6．5。采用优化后的培养基条件,酶活力达到156．1U／L,比优化前初始发酵培养条件下的酶活提高了252％,当环氧化物水解酶催化时间为10h时,（s）-环氧氯丙烷的对映体过量值（e．e．）可达99．0％。产率为18．6％。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵条件的优化研究

通过优化种子培养条件和发酵培养基组分使谷氨酰胺转胺酵产酶水平有了很大的提高,确定种龄为20－24h,接种量8％左右。发酵培养基含淀粉15g/L、葡萄糖15g/L、蛋白胨25g/L、酵母膏3g/L、无水硫酸镁2g/L、磷酸氢二2g/L,无水磷酸二氢钾2g/L,24－28h添加质量浓度为0．5％的硫酸铵,在10L发酵罐实验中,验证了溶解氧对MTG合成至关重要,确定较适宜通气量1：1．25vvm,搅拌转速300mr/min,最高产酶单位最终稳定在3．2u/mL,放罐时间在44－46h左右较适宜。     

Rhizopus sp.PW358菌脂肪酶固态发酵生产

研究了Rhizopus sp.PW358菌的固态生长和产脂肪酶条件。结果表明：黄豆饼粉为培养基的基本成分,用来生产脂肪酶。培养基中可加入淀粉和蛋白胨作为碳源和源,有利于脂肪酶的合成,培养基的含水量以及金属离子Ca^2 ,Mg^2 的浓度也影响Rhizopus sp.PW358菌和脂肪酶 产生。在优化条件下,12g豆粉中含1.0g淀粉及0.5g蛋白胨、15ml营养盐中Ca^2 ,Mg^2 离子浓度分别为8．0和4．0g/L,培养基含水量为55．6％,在接种后培养48h,酶活力可达最大值320IU／g干培养基。脂肪酶的基本性质研究表明,酶的最适反应温度和PH分别为35℃和7．0,酶的半失活温度为53．5℃,不同的PH环境中,30℃保温1h后酶在PH6．5－8．5范围内较为稳定。     

一步法发酵菊芋产乙醇菌种的筛选及产酶条件、酶学性质的研究

从腐烂的菊芋及实验室保存的菌种中,选育到一株发酵菊芋产乙醇的菌株克鲁维酵母Kluyveromyces marxianus Y1。利用正交实验法对克鲁维酵母产菊粉酶的培养基组成及培养条件进行优化,确定培养基组成（g/L）为：菊粉40,酵母粉4,蛋白胨4,尿素1;初始pH5．0,温度30℃,150r／min条件下培养达到最佳产酶效果（57U／mL）。该菌株所产菊粉酶的性质测定结果表明：以菊粉为底物,该菊粉酶最适反应温度为55℃,在60℃以下稳定性很好,高于60℃时酶迅速失活;最适pH为5．0,pH4．6—5．2范围内酶稳定性很好;该酶属于外切型菊粉酶,体积分数为8％的乙醇对酶活力基本没有影响。     

细菌3-脱氧葡糖松还原酶产生面及产酶条件

从12株细菌菌株中筛选到一株产3-脱氧葡糖松还原酶的高产菌Bacillussp．2,并研究了该菌株的产酶条件。在所试验的细菌中,3-脱氧葡糖松氧化酶活性较低甚至检测不出,而还原酶活性普遍较高。该菌株最佳产酶条件为：培养基组成（％）：牛肉膏0．3,牛肉蛋白陈1．0,氯化钠0．5,0．5mmol／L3-脱氧葡糖松。培养基起始pH6．6,30℃振荡培养48h,产酶量最高,酶活力可达36．4u／g。3-脱氧葡糖松对产酶有诱导作用,而甲基乙二醛对产酶有抑制作用。     

均匀设计法对产几丁质酶细菌C4发酵条件的优化

系统研究了碳源,氮源,起始pH值、培养基装量、培养温度和时间等因素对细菌C4产几丁质酶的影响。结果表明,碳、氮源分别以胶体几丁质、KNO和蛋白胨最好;在起始pH值7．6—8．5,培养基装量为三角瓶体积的12％,培养温度28℃,振荡培养(180r／min)5d时最有利于几丁质酶的产生。在此基础上通过均匀设计法优化了发酵培养基配方。优化后的培养基配方为：胶体几丁质1．5％,蛋白胨0．55％,KNO3 0．3％,MgSO4 0．09％,Tween80 0．005％。在该条件下,几丁质酶活力达2．68U／mL,比在原基础培养条件下的酶活力提高90．1％。     

苞舌兰的离体无性繁殖

InvitroClonalPropagationofSpathoglottisplicataCHENYong-Qin（GuizhouAgriculturalCollege,Guiyang550025）1植物名称苞舌兰（Spathoglottisplicata）。2材料类别茎段。3培养条件基本培养基为VW大量元素＋MS微量元素＋15％（体积比）椰子水。茎段培养基：基本培养基＋6－BA5．0mg·L－1（单位下同）＋NAA1．0；原球茎增殖培养基：基本培养基＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．5；壮苗培养基：基本培养基十香蕉50．0g·L－1＋活性炭1．0g·L－1。以上培养基中蔗糖用量除原球茎增殖培养基为7．0g·L－1外，均为20．0g·L－1，琼脂用量为8．0…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细