低氧对体外培养鸡原始生殖细胞凋亡的影响

本研究的目的是通过低氧处理体外培养的鸡原始生殖细胞(Primordial germ cell)优化培养系统,降低细胞凋亡率,提高细胞活力,为高效生产转基因鸡提供科学依据。研究采用低氧气体(1%O_2)分别处理鸡PGCs 6 h、12 h、24 h,随后用q-PCR检测凋亡相关基因Caspase3的表达。与常氧组(21%O_2)相比,1%O_2-24h低氧组Caspase3显著下调(p0.05)。进一步检测1%O_2-24 h低氧组p53和Bcl2的表达情况,结果显示p53表达显著下调(p0.05),Bcl2表达无显著差异。采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡比例,低氧组((13.5±0.8)%)凋亡比例低于常氧组((21.8±2.1)%)。采用q-PCR,免疫荧光染色,细胞迁移鉴定低氧处理后的鸡PGCs生物学特性,发现其仍保持生殖细胞的生物学特性。本研究表明,在体外培养条件下,1%O_2低氧处理鸡PGCs 24 h能抑制细胞凋亡,且不改变其生物学特性。     

藏羚羊成纤维细胞系的建立及其核型分析

藏羚羊(Pantholops hodgsonii)是我国特有的国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,生存在高海拔低氧环境下,具有高原生物的细胞遗传特性。实验采用组织块贴壁培养法进行原代培养,后经差异贴壁法联合消化排除法纯化,成功构建了藏羚羊成纤维细胞系,并对培养不同代次细胞的形态、生长动力学、染色体核型等进行了研究。结果表明,培养得到的藏羚羊细胞为典型的成纤维细胞,第7、10、15代细胞群体倍增时间分别为26、48、50 h。细胞的生长均为"S"型。染色体中二倍体染色体(2n=60)占主体,所占比例为65%～91%,包括性染色体X、Y在内均为端着丝粒类型,染色体组的总相对长度为193.45,平均相对长度为3.22,未发现随体、次缢痕等特殊标志性特征。     

雷帕霉素对低氧下人HL-60细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

本研究拟通过小分子化合物氯化钴（CoCl2）模拟的低氧环境,探讨雷帕霉素（RPM）对该低氧下人急性髓细胞白血病HL-60细胞的生物学行为的影响。低氧模拟组、低氧雷帕霉素处理组、常氧雷帕霉素处理组HL-60细胞分别采用CoCl2、CoCl2／RPM、RPM进行处理,对照组为常氧下常规培养的HL-60细胞,处理及培养24h、48h、72h后收集细胞,采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长状况,常规瑞氏染色后光学显微镜下观察细胞形态;MTT比色法检测各组细胞的活性和增殖能力;AnnexinV—FITC／PI双染法流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果表明,与对照组细胞形态规则,胞核呈圆形或椭圆形相比,低氧模拟组和低氧雷帕霉素处理组细胞密度降低,生长明显受抑,细胞胞核呈不规则形或杆状,染色质粗糙,伴扭曲折叠等变化。各组间不同时问细胞增殖抑制率差异显著（P〈0．05）,低氧模拟组和低氧雷帕霉素处理组增殖抑制率随着处理时间延长而增大,且低氧雷帕霉素处理组的增殖抑制率大于低氧模拟组。与常氧下的对照组及雷帕霉素处理组比较,低氧的模拟组和雷帕霉素处理组诱导细胞发生较明显的凋亡,且后期72h低氧雷帕霉素处理组凋亡率显著高于模拟低氧处理组。以上结果表明,模拟低氧环境下,HL-60细胞生长明显受抑制,且诱导细胞凋亡;雷帕霉素可增强对低氧对细胞的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用。     

绵羊粒细胞集落刺激因子原核表达与提纯及用于颗粒细胞培养的效果

文中旨在研究粒细胞集落刺激因子(Granule cell stimulating factor,GCSF)对绵羊颗粒细胞体外培养过程中细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,明确GCSF对绵羊颗粒细胞生存的调节作用,为今后该蛋白用于羊繁育方面的研究奠定基础。原核克隆表达纯化羊GCSF蛋白,纯化的蛋白用M-NSF60细胞检测生物学活性,将纯化的GCSF添加到颗粒细胞培养基中作为试验组,以培养基中未添加GCSF的细胞为对照,利用Alarmarblue检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡的变化。结果表明,羊GCSF可以原核表达并纯化,并且具有生物学活性。在24 h和48 h时,在0.06–600 ng/mL的范围内随着加入GCSF的终浓度增加,细胞活力升高。试验组颗粒细胞体外培养24 h后,与阴性对照相比,细胞周期的分布显著改变,S期细胞比例显著减少(P0.05),G2/M期细胞比例显著增多(P0.05)。试验组凋亡率和对照组相比,48 h检测时凋亡率显著降低(P0.05)。综上表明,GCSF在体外培养的绵羊颗粒细胞中,可调控绵羊颗粒细胞周期,促进细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡。     

牛肝脏细胞体外培养和传代细胞的初步鉴定

该文采用灌注胶原酶消化法分离牛肝细胞,通过DMEM培养基(含10%胎牛血清)体外连续进行原代和传代培养,观察细胞增殖变化及细胞培养过程中的形态消涨变化情况。该文还对第12代培养细胞的染色体情况及细胞生长情况进行分析,同时采用PAS染色法进行糖原含量鉴定。结果显示,分离的肝细胞群体倍增时间为62.8 h,染色体为60条, PAS染色观察发现,培养细胞质中有大量糖原颗粒。     

加味苇茎汤及其成分芹菜素对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖、周期与凋亡的影响

探讨加味苇茎汤含药血清及成分芹菜素对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的影响,选用肺癌A549细胞体外培养,在不同浓度含药血清及芹菜素作用下,用MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率、流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡率、hoechst33342染色检测细胞凋亡形态。结果显示,加味苇茎汤含药血清及芹菜素对A549的生长抑制率:24 h分别为31%、34%,48 h分别为45%、53%;流式细胞术检测细胞周期发现A549细胞经加味苇茎汤含药血清处理后主要阻滞在G2期,而芹菜素能明显引起细胞凋亡。荧光显微镜下观察到较典型的细胞凋亡形态甚至细胞脱落,视野内细胞核数明显减少。该研究结果显示,加味苇茎汤含药血清及芹菜素能明显抑制A549细胞的增殖,引起细胞周期阻滞、诱导其凋亡。     

PPARγ激动剂罗格列酮诱导人前列腺癌细胞系LNCAP凋亡的作用

目的:探讨罗格列酮(ROZ)对体外培养细胞系LNCAP增殖及凋亡的作用.方法:20、50、100 μmol/LROZ作用LNCAP细胞24 h、48 h、72 h后,MTT法检测ROZ对LNCAP细胞生长的影响.采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶原位标记(TUNEL法)和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况.Western Blot检测LNCAP细胞中Casepase-3表达水平的变化.结果:ROZ(20μmol/L至100μmol/L)对前列腺癌细胞有显著的增殖抑制作用,以100μmol/L浓度最为明显.ROZ(100μmol/L)作用72h后最高增殖抑制率达78.58%.流式细胞仪检测结果显示,LNCAP细胞凋亡数目随药物浓度的增加呈递增趋势;100μmol/LROZ作用72h后凋亡细胞数达48.11%.与此一致,TUNEL染色阳性细胞数目在ROZ处理组显著增多,Western Blot检测显示,ROZ显著增加LNCAP细胞中Caspase-3蛋白表达水平.结论:ROZ在体外对前列腺癌细胞系LNCAP有明显的增殖抑制及促进凋亡作用,有望成为前列腺癌患者新的治疗方法.     

绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养及转基因研究

目的用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因转染体外培养绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,探讨绿色荧光蛋白对绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞生物学特性的影响.方法体外分离培养绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,经脂质体介导EGFP基因转染第一代成纤维细胞,G418筛选10～12*!d,挑选转基因单克隆细胞,传代培养,进行细胞形态观察、生长曲线以及染色体核型分析,并进行了培养细胞性别鉴定.结果整合有EGFP基因的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞生物学行为与未转染外源基因的细胞无明显差别,根据荧光强度可直接反应外源基因的表达量.结论 EGFP基因作为体内报告基因可用于转基因细胞的研究,并将整合有EGFP基因的转基因细胞为克隆动物提供核供体奠定了基础.     

中华鼢鼠成纤维细胞长期培养及其生物学特性分析

中华鼢鼠(Eospalax fontanierii)为蒙古高原代表性动物遗传资源,本研究采集中华鼢鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉、气管、剑状软骨和尾尖皮肤共9种组织用于实验,其中气管、肺和剑状软骨3种组织成功建立成纤维细胞系,传了8代,并分析了这些细胞的生物学特性。主要实验方法是通过细胞计数法计算细胞的贴壁率、冻存前及复苏后的存活率、绘制细胞生长曲线;制备常规染色体标本分析染色体核型。实验结果显示,中华鼢鼠气管、肺、软骨3种组织在体外条件下培养,第3～4天出现成纤维样细胞,原代细胞分别在培养第11天、第16天、第17天,达到90%以上汇合。3种组织来源体细胞均显示成纤维细胞特征,气管成纤维细胞贴壁能力最强,24 h贴壁率最高能达到98.10%,肺成纤维细胞与剑状软骨成纤维细胞贴壁能力较弱,24 h贴壁率最高,分别为95.28%和94.88%。3种来源成纤维细胞生长曲线测定结果显示,气管成纤维细胞的增殖能力最强、肺成纤维细胞次之、剑状软骨成纤维细胞最弱。气管成纤维细胞和肺成纤维细胞在接种后的第6～7天,进入对数生长期。剑状软骨成纤维细胞在接种后第2～3天进入对数生长期。3种成纤维细胞的生长曲线均呈"S"型,其中气管成纤维细胞增殖能力最强,在24孔板的每个孔中,其最大增殖数目为2.435×10~4个,肺成纤维细胞最大增殖数目为1.813×10~4个,剑状软骨成纤维细胞最大增殖数目为1.521×10~4个。核型分析结果显示,中华鼢鼠的成纤维细胞染色体数目为2n=62,30对为常染色体,1对为性染色体。综上所述,本研究成功建立了中华鼢鼠成纤维细胞体外培养体系,并揭示了该物种成纤维细胞的基本生物学特性,为深入研究中华鼢鼠适应低氧高二氧化碳洞道生境的分子生物学和生理学机制提供了条件,为进一步研究其遗传及物种进化提供了实验材料和参考。     

应用引物原位标记技术检测21号染色体

应用原位引物标记技术（PRINS）检测了21号染色体着丝粒,在外周血和绒毛细胞的标记效率分别为91％和93％,实验过程可以在2h之内完成,证明这一检测方法是一种快速、灵敏、特异性良好的染色体数目检测方法,有可能用于21号染色体数目异常的快速诊断。     

A Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tibetan Antelope （ Pantholops hodgsonii ）

To investigate genetic mechanisms of high altitude adaptations of native mammals on the Tibetan Plateau, we compared mitochondrial sequences of the endangered Pantholops hodgsonii with its lowland distant relatives Ovis ames and Capra hircus, as well as other mammals. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. hodgsonii （16,498 bp） revealed a similar gene order as of other mammals. Because of tandem duplications, the control region of P. hodgsonii mitochondrial genome is shorter than those of O. ames and C. hircus, but longer than those of Bos species. Phylogenetic analysis based on alignments of the entire cytochrome b genes suggested that P. hodgsonii is more closely related to O. ames and C. hircus, rather than to species of the Antilopinae subfamily. The estimated divergence time between P. hodgsonii and O. ames is about 2.25 million years ago. Eutther analysis on natural selection indicated that the COXI （cytochrome c oxidase subunit I） gene was under positive selection in P. hodgsonii and Bos grunniens. Considering the same climates and environments shared by these two mammalian species, we proposed that the mitochondrial COXI gene is probably relevant for these native mammals to adapt the high altitude environment unique to the Tibetan Plateau.     

Comparison of RBG-banded karyotypes of cattle, sheep, and goats

The karyotypes of the three main domestic Bovidae species. Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Capra hircus, have been investigated by RBG-banding. Primary fibroblast cells were cultured from fetal lung or muscle tissue and collected for chromosome preparation after double thymidine synchronization. Depending on the culture and species, BrdU and FdU were added for 8-11 h or 7-10 h, respectively, before harvest. The chromosomes of the three species were classified and numbered according to standard conventions (ISCNDA, 1989) and compared at different stages of condensation. Within the resolving power of the images obtained, the RBG-banding patterns appear to be very similar, with only minor differences existing between chromosome 9 and the sex chromosomes of cattle and the same chromosomes in the domestic sheep and the goat.     

Isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda)

The isoenzymes of LDH (EC 1.1.1.27) were studied in Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica by horizontal electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Six isoenzymes in D. dendriticum and four in F. hepatica were detected. Densitometric scans demonstrated that the enzyme pattern of LDH in D. dendriticum parasitizing hepatic tissue of Capra hircus was clearly different from the one obtained when the trematode parasitized other hosts such as Bos taurus or Ovis aries.     

Conservation of nucleolus organizer regions during evolution in sheep, goat, cattle and aoudad.

There are ten nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in domestic sheep (Ovis aries L.). cattle (Bos taurus L.), goat (Capra hircus L.) and aoudad (Ammotragus lervia Blyth) and these are located terminally on chromosomes with homologous (G-banding patterns. The similarity in number of nucleolus organizer regions in these species may indicate that their ribosomal DNA regions are infrequently involved in exchange events which could lead to different numbers of active nucleolus organizer regions. Other possible explanations of the conservation of number of nucleolus organizer regions in these species are discussed. The homology of NOR location in these species supports the idea that the Bovidae karyotype tends to be fairly stable apart from changes due to centric fusion events.     

Comparison of the membrane-bound (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase in erythrocyte ghosts from some mammalian species

The properties of the membrane-bound calcium-pumping protein, the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) were compared in erythrocyte ghosts isolated from five mammalian species--human (Homo sapiens), bovine (Bos taurus), porcine (Sus scrofa melitensis), ovine (Ovis aries crassicandus) and caprine (Capra hircus syriaca). The specific activity of the enzyme in porcine erythrocytes is one order of magnitude higher than in the other species. It was also stimulated to various extents by the regulator protein, calmodulin, and by phosphatidylinositol in all the species. Analysis of membrane proteins revealed a number of differences which seem to suggest that the molecular architecture of the red cell membrane influences the activity of the enzyme.     

Comparison of lectin receptor and membrane coat-associated glycoproteins of milk lipid globule membranes.

1. Glycoproteins of bovine (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) milk lipid globule membranes were characterized by ability to bind lectins after electrophoretic separation. 2. Seven lectin receptor glycoproteins were detected in bovine and five in human milk lipid globule membranes. Bovine and human globule membrane glycoproteins differed in ability to interact with certain lectins. 3. Two major nonionic detergent insoluble glycoproteins were present in bovine and human lipid globule membrane; these constituents had apparent molecular weights of 155,000 and 69,000. Detergent-insoluble polypeptides with similar or identical electrophoretic mobilities were found in milk lipid globule membranes from four other species, rat (Rattus norvegicus), sheep (Ovis aries), pig (Sus scrofa) and goat (Capra hircus). Tryptic peptide mapping revealed these polypeptides to be nonidentical among species.     

牦牛SND1基因特征序列分析及其蛋白在乳腺的表达

Staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1（ SND1,Tudor-SN）是一种参与基因调控的转录共激活因子蛋白,本研究意在克隆牦牛泌乳相关基因SND1,分析其生物特性,研究其蛋白在乳腺的表达。采集牦牛泌乳期乳腺组织,胰蛋白酶消化法得到原代乳腺上皮细胞,纯化到3代, 采用RT-PCR扩增克隆SND1基因,测序并拼接,并用相关生物信息软件分析牦牛SND1基因特性;用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光技术对牦牛SND1基因编码蛋白进行定位分析。获得如下结果：牦牛SND1基因全序列为3294 bp,含有2733 bp的ORF,共包含20种氨基酸。SND1基因编码蛋白为非分泌蛋白,非跨膜蛋白;同源性分析显示,牦牛SND1基因与野牛、家牛、藏羚羊、山羊、猪、野骆驼、马、黑猩猩、人、褐家鼠的同源性分别为99%、98%、96%、94%、91%、90%、90%、89%、89%、85%;系统进化树表明与野牛和家牛的进化水平较近,与人和鼠的进化水平较远。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,SND1蛋白在分泌上皮细胞（乳腺上皮细胞）和导管上皮细胞呈阳性高表达,在肌上皮细胞呈弱表达。免疫荧光显示,SND1蛋白在乳腺上皮细胞胞核高表达,胞质弱表达。上述研究结果为进一步探究SND1对牦牛泌乳机能的调节提供了相关依据,也为高寒哺乳动物的研究提供了参考资料。     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of six loci containing genes involved in the dioxin metabolism of domestic bovids

Six loci containing genes involved in the dioxin metabolism (ARNT, AHR, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and AHRR) were assigned, for the first time, to cattle (Bos taurus, 2n = 60, BTA), river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50, BBU), sheep (Ovis aries, 2n = 54, OAR) and goat (Capra hircus, 2n = 60, CHI) chromosomes by comparative FISH-mapping and R-banding using bovine BAC-clones. The following chromosome locations were found: ARNT to BTA3q21, BBU6q21, OAR1p21 and CHI3q21, AHR to BTA4q15, BBU8q15, OAR4q15 and CHI4q15; CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 to BTA21q17, BBU20q17, OAR18q17 and CHI21q17; CYP1B1 to BTA11q16, BBU12q22, OAR3p16 and CHI11q16, AHRR to BTA20q24, BBU19q24, OAR16q24 and CHI20q24. All loci were mapped at the same homoeologous chromosomes and chromosome bands of the four bovid species. Comparisons with corresponding human locations were also reported.     

The species and chromosomal distribution of the centromeric alpha-satellite I sequence from sheep in the tribe Caprini and other Bovidae

The evolution of chromosomes in species in the family Bovidae includes fusion and fission of chromosome arms (giving different numbers of acrocentric and metacentric chromosomes with a relatively conserved total number of arms) and evolution in both DNA sequence and copy number of the pericentromeric alpha-satellite I repetitive DNA sequence. Here, a probe representing the sheep alpha-satellite I sequence was isolated and hybridized to genomic DNA digests and metaphase chromosomes from various Bovidae species. The probe was highly homologous to the centromeric sequence in all species in the tribe Caprini, including sheep (Ovis aries), goat (Capra hircus) and the aoudad or Barbary sheep (Amnotragus lervia), but showed no detectable hybridization to the alpha-satellite I sequence present in the tribe Bovini and at most very weak to species in the tribes Hippotragini, Alcelaphini or Aepycerotini. The sex chromosomes of sheep, goat and aoudad did not contain detectable alpha-satellite I sequence; in sheep, one of the three metacentric autosomal chromosomes does not carry the sequence, while in aoudad, it is essentially absent in three large autosomal pairs as well as the large metacentric chromosome pair. The satellite probes can be used as robust chromosome and karyotype markers of evolution among tribes and increase the resolution of the evolutionary tree at the base of the Artiodactyla.     

Studies on blood serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases from several mammalian species--separation of different enzyme forms.

1. The beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases studied from peripheral blood sera have the following activities: 55.6 mU/ml in Bos taurus L. (bull, "Morucha" race), 31.3 mU/ml in Sus scropha var. domestica L. (pig) and 3.7 mU/ml in Capra hircus L. (goat). 2. The pH optima of the enzymes are 4.5 for Bos taurus L. and Sus scropha L., and 5.0 for Capra hircus L. 3. Two enzyme forms, A and B, have been separated from Bos taurus L. and Capra hircus L. sera by DEAE-cellulose chromatography; and three forms, A, B and S, from Sus scropha L. serum. 4. The B forms are more heat-stable than the A and the S forms. The S form has intermediate heat-stability between the A and the B forms.