辽宁省菜田生态系统组分优势值与系统优势度分析

辽宁省菜田生态系统组分优势值与系统优势度分析周宝利，葛晓光李宁义（沈阳农业大学园艺系，１１０１６１）（沈阳市城建中专，１１００１３）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＳｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｉｔｙＶａｌｕｅａｎｄＤｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅＤｅｇｒｅｅｏｆＶａｒｉｏｕｓＣｏｍｐｏｎ...     

An eight-nucleotide sequence in the potato virus X 3' untranslated region is required for both host protein binding and viral multiplication.

Gel retardation and UV-cross-linking techniques were used to demonstrate that two tobacco proteins, with approximate molecular masses of 28 and 32 kDa, bind to a site within the 3' region of potato virus X (PVX) genomic RNA. The protein binding is specific, in that a 50-fold excess of unlabeled probe prevents formation of the complexes but no reduction is observed with a 2,000-fold molar excess of yeast tRNA. Complex formation is inhibited by poly(U) but is relatively unaffected by poly(A), poly(G), or poly(C-I). PVX RNA-host protein complex formation occurs in vitro at salt concentrations up to 400 mM. Deletion mapping indicates that the proteins bind within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of PVX genomic RNA and that an 8-nucleotide U-rich sequence (5'-UAUUUUCU) is required for the binding. Deletion of the 8-nucleotide U-rich region from the 3' UTR of a sensitive PVX reporter virus that carries the luciferase gene in place of the PVX coat protein gene results in a more than 70,000-fold reduction in luciferase expression in tobacco protoplasts. RNA probes carrying the sequence GCGC in place of the central four contiguous uridines of the 8-nucleotide U-rich motif fail to bind host protein at detectable levels, and the same mutation, when introduced into the PVX reporter virus, eliminates viral multiplication. Mutations of 1 or 2 nucleotides within the same four uridines reduced both binding of host proteins and replication of reporter virus. These results indicate that the 8-nucleotide U-rich motif within the PVX 3' UTR is important for some aspect of viral multiplication and suggest that host protein binding plays a role in the process.     

按蚊肠道微生物及其在阻断疟疾传播上的应用

按蚊体内,尤其是中肠内定殖着大量的微生物群落。肠道菌群通过与按蚊的长期协同进化形成了相互依存的共生关系。肠道共生菌参与调节按蚊的多种生命活动,对于维持按蚊的健康发挥着重要作用,已经成为一个与宿主按蚊密不可分的重要"器官"。研究表明,肠道共生菌在按蚊物质代谢、营养、发育、生殖、免疫调控和免疫防御等生理过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。蚊虫是疟疾、登革、寨卡等多种疾病的传播媒介,而肠道共生菌对寄生虫和病毒在蚊虫肠道内的发育和感染具有重要影响,因此研究蚊虫与共生菌的相互作用有着重要的理论和实践意义。本文将对按蚊肠道共生菌的多样性、生物学功能、与宿主相互作用的机制及其在防治疟疾上的应用进展进行综述,并对未来的研究提出展望。     

Coupling of N7-methyltransferase and 3′-5′ exoribonuclease with SARS-CoV-2 polymerase reveals mechanisms for capping and proofreading

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Trophic functional groups and trophic levels of the macrobenthic community at the eastern tidal flat of Lingkun Island, China

A total of 33 taxa, including 21 families, 8 classes and 7 phyla, were found at the eastern tidal flat of Lingkun Island, Wenzhou Bay. Most of them were mollusks, crustaceans and polychaetes. The species numbers found at 3 tidal flats (high, middle and low) were 25, 30 and 14, respectively. It was shown that the high tidal flat had the highest value of diversity indices, followed by middle and low tidal flats. The species belonged to 5 different trophic functional groups: Phytophagous, Camivorous, Omnivorous, Planktophagous and Detritivorous in qualitative samplings. Then 3, 8, 5, 3 and 2 species belonged to Planktophagous, Phytophagous, Camivorous, Omnivorous and Detritivorous groups, respectively, in quantitative samplings. The density and species number of each functional group did not display seasonal variation by the two-way ANOVA method. Regardless of seasonal variation, density of the Phytophagous group and Camivorous group had distinct difference among different zones of tidal flats, and the species number of the Phytophagous group and Omnivorous group had obvious difference among different zones of tidal flats. Results show that there was variation of functional groups among habitats. Change in components of the macrobenthic community reflected different food sources in different zones of tidal flats.     

miR‐124a inhibits the proliferation and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes via targeting PIK3/NF‐κB pathway

Abnormal hyperplasia of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) leads to the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the role of miR‐124a in the pathogenesis of RA. The viability and cell cycle of FLS in rheumatoid arthritis (RAFLS) were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit 8 and flow cytometry assay. The expression of PIK3CA, Akt, and NF‐κB in RAFLS was examined by real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis. The production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6 was detected by ELISA. The joint swelling and inflammation in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice were examined by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. We found that miR‐124a suppressed the viability and proliferation of RAFLS and increased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase. miR‐124a suppressed PIK3CA 3'UTR luciferase reporter activity and decreased the expression of PIK3CA at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, miR‐124a inhibited the expression of the key components of the PIK3/Akt/NF‐κB signal pathway and inhibited the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors TNF‐α and IL‐6. Local overexpression of miR‐124a in the joints of CIA mice inhibited inflammation and promoted apoptosis in FLS by decreasing PIK3CA expression. In conclusion, miR‐124a inhibits the proliferation and inflammation in RAFLS via targeting PIK3/NF‐κB pathway. miR‐124a is a promising therapeutic target for RA.     

Non‐pollinating cheater wasps benefit from seasonally poor performance of the mutualistic pollinating wasps at the northern limit of the range of Ficus microcarpa

1. Species interactions in tightly bound ecological mutualisms often feature highly specialised species' roles in which competitive exclusion may preclude multi‐species coexistence. Among the 800 fig (Ficus) species, it was originally considered that each was pollinated by their own wasp (Agaonidae). However, recent investigations show that this ‘one‐to‐one’ rule often breaks down, as fig species regularly host multiple agaonids but in ways suggesting that competitive processes still mediate biodiversity outcomes. 2. A phenological survey was conducted of the fig–fig wasp pair, Ficus microcarpa and its associated pollinating wasp, alongside its sister species, the cheating wasp, in Xishuangbanna, China. 3. Reproductive output underwent extreme seasonal variation. Seed and pollinator production fell markedly during cooler, drier months, although high levels of fig production continued. However, this resource was predominantly utilised by the cheater species, which offers no pollination services. Pollinators and cheaters rarely co‐occur, suggesting that temporal coexistence is constrained by competition for access to figs. 4. The overall findings indicate periodic rearrangements of mutualism dynamics, probably resulting from a strongly seasonal environment. Sympatric co‐occurrence may result from a window of opportunity for a functionally divergent agaonid, potentially due to constraints on the main pollinator in adapting to variable year‐round conditions that prevent competitive exclusion.     

Centrosome positioning and primary cilia assembly orchestrate neuronal development

Establishment of axon and dendrite polarity, migration to a desired location in the developing brain, and establishment of proper synaptic connections are essential processes during neuronal development. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern these processes are under intensive investigation. The function of the centrosome in neuronal development has been examined and discussed in few recent studies that underscore the fundamental role of the centrosome in brain development. Clusters of emerging studies have shown that centrosome positioning tightly regulates neuronal development, leading to the segregation of cell factors, directed neurite differentiation, neuronal migration, and synaptic integration. Furthermore, cilia, that arise from the axoneme, a modified centriole, are emerging as new regulatory modules in neuronal development in conjunction with the centrosome. In this review, we focus on summarizing and discussing recent studies on centrosome positioning during neuronal development and also highlight recent findings on the role of cilia in brain development. We further discuss shared molecular signaling pathways that might regulate both centrosome and cilia associated signaling in neuronal development. Furthermore, molecular determinants such as DISC1 and LKB1 have been recently demonstrated to be crucial regulators of various aspects of neuronal development. Strikingly, these determinants might exert their function, at least in part, via the regulation of centrosome and cilia associated signaling and serve as a link between these two signaling centers. We thus include an overview of these molecular determinants.