施普瑞螺旋藻对尾吊模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态失调的调整作用研究

目的：研究模拟失重条件下,施普瑞螺旋藻对大鼠肠道微生态失调的调整作用。方法：将基础饲料中加入5%的螺旋藻作为处理组饲喂大鼠,用选择性培养基分别对肠球菌、肠杆菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌以及双歧杆菌定量测定,扫描电镜观察大鼠盲肠上皮细胞的组织变化,结果：螺旋藻处理组过路菌群中肠杆菌和肠球菌数量变化并不明显;原籍菌群中双歧杆菌较对照组显著增多,类杆菌和乳杆菌的数量差异没有显著性,模拟失重条件下SD大鼠盲肠上皮有肿胀细胞出现,并且肠道上皮绒毛排列紊乱、稀疏、而螺旋藻处理组中只发现有少量的肿胀细胞,上皮绒毛致密,排列较整齐。结论：旋普瑞螺旋藻具有纠正在模拟失重条件下大鼠肠道微生态平衡失调的作用。     

低聚木糖对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态的影响

目的 研究低聚木糖对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态的影响。方法 采用大鼠尾部悬吊法模拟失重。32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只：FC组（地面对照组,饲喂基础饲料）,FS组（地面处理组,饲喂添加低聚木糖的饲料）,SC组（尾吊对照组,饲喂基础饲料）。SS组（尾吊处理组,饲喂添加低聚木糖的饲料）,实验21d,SC和SS组解除尾吊继续观察。实验21d。采用选择性培养基对大鼠粪便肠杆菌、肠球菌、类杆菌、双歧杆菌以及乳杆菌进行定量测定。结果 SC组与FC组相比,双歧杆菌数量减少,肠杆菌和肠球菌数量增加;FS组比FC组双歧杆菌数量增加显著,肠杆菌和肠球菌有不同程度的减少,SS组比SC组双歧杆菌数量增加显著,肠杆菌和肠球菌也有不同程度的减少。类杆菌和乳杆菌变化不明显。尾吊解除期,SS组双歧杆菌数量比SC组更快恢复到正常水平。结论 低聚木糖可促进尾吊大鼠肠道益生菌主要是双歧杆菌的增殖,一定程度上促进由于模拟失重造成肠道微生态失调的平衡,并对条件致病菌具有一定的抑制作用。     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群影响的研究

目的 探讨一种活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群的影响作用.方法 采用卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》调节肠道菌群功能检验方法进行检验.结果 试食组试验前后自身比较：肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,肠球菌数量增加（P＜0.05）,产气荚膜梭菌数量明显减少（P＜0.01）,肠杆菌和拟杆菌无明显变化;试验后对照组与试食组组间比较：双歧杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,乳杆菌的数量增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌和拟杆菌无明显变化.结论 活性乳酸菌饮料具有调节人体肠道菌群、改善肠道内环境的作用.     

肠道菌群正常参考值的检测

目的定性定量检测并比较杭州地区健康青壮年及老年人群肠道主要菌群(双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌属、肠杆菌科、肠球菌属及酵母菌等)的正常参考值,同时计算并比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值).方法采用光冈法 .结果老年组肠道双歧杆菌数量及B/E值较青壮年组均显著减少(P＜0.05, P＜0.001);消化链球菌、肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加(P＜0.01,P ＜0 .001,P＜0.05).结论在获得肠道菌群正常参考值的同时,发现随着年龄的增加,老年人肠道双歧杆菌数量明显减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加.     

抑郁症人群肠道微生物群落结构与功能探讨

目的了解抑郁症人群肠道主要微生物群落情况,探讨在机体精神心理异常状态下肠道内微生态平衡特点,从而为研究抑郁症人群及相关精神心理疾患人群的防治新策略提供数据资料。方法设抑郁症患者研究组和健康对照组,采用日本光冈法定性定量检测肠道乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、肠球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、肠杆菌科及酵母菌的菌群值,计算和比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值)。结果与健康人对照组比较,抑郁症人群研究组肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著降低(P0.01);B/E值显著减少(P0.01);肠杆菌科细菌、肠球菌数量显著增加(P0.01,P0.05)。结论抑郁症人群肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加,益生菌群与肠杆菌科结构发生改变,推测抑郁症的发生,有可能通过肠-脑轴的联系,使大脑情感中枢功能紊乱与肠道菌群微生态平衡失调的相互作用有关。     

感染华支睾吸虫大鼠肠道菌群的实验研究

目的 观察华支睾吸虫感染对大鼠肠道菌群的影响.方法 建立华支睾吸虫感染大鼠模型,分别在造模后48 h、18d和35 d,取肠内容物进行乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌的培养及定量分析.结果 与对照组相比,在感染后48 h,大鼠肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少(P＜0.05),肠球菌和肠杆菌数量略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在感染后18 d(童虫期),乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量进一步减少(P＜0.01),肠杆菌和肠球菌数量明显增加(P＜0.01);在感染后35 d(成虫期),四种肠道菌与童虫期的变化基本一致.结论 华支睾吸虫感染可致大鼠肠道菌群发生失调,其中益生菌减少,致病菌增多,尤以童虫期、成虫期较重.     

肠道菌群与肠易激综合征分型及患者血清细胞间黏附分子 1表达的关系

目的分析肠道菌群与IBS分型及患者血清细胞间黏附分子 1(ICAM 1)表达的关系,为后续研究提供参考。方法选择2018年12月至2020年1月我院收治的152例符合标准的肠易激综合征(IBS)患者作为观察组,并依照罗马Ⅲ标准将观察组患者分为腹泻型组(62例)、便秘型组(56例)、混合型组(34例);选择同期我院健康体检者30例为对照组。检测受试者粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌数量,同时检测受试者血清ICAM 1水平。采用Pearson相关性分析患者肠道菌群与血清ICAM 1关系,并采用Logistics回归模型分析肠道菌群与IBS各亚型的关系。结果观察组患者血清ICAM 1、肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌水平显著低于对照组,肠道肠杆菌和肠球菌水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同亚型IBS患者血清ICAM 1、肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌水平存在明显差异,其中混合组患者血清ICAM 1、肠杆菌、肠球菌数量最高,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量最低;腹泻型组肠道肠杆菌、肠球菌数量最低,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量最高(均P<0.05)。肠道中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌数量是IBS分型的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量与ICAM 1水平呈显著负相关,而肠道肠杆菌和肠球菌数量与ICAM 1水平呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论肠道菌群可影响IBS患者分型,且肠道中部分菌群与ICAM 1水平存在显著相关关系。     

断奶仔猪肠道菌群的研究

研究断奶仔猪在不同生理状况下的肠道菌群,结果表明：健康仔猪肠道内容物中,从十二指肠到结肠,所测定的８种细胞数量都随肠段后移而逐渐增加,４３日龄仔猪肠道内容物中以乳杆菌、肠球菌和梭菌占绝对优势,双歧杆菌次之;与健康仔猪相比,下痢仔猪肠道中肠球菌、梭菌和乳杆菌等优势菌群的数量明显低于对照组;饲喂了含肠球菌的活菌制剂的仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌和类杆菌的数量比对照组明显增加,但肠球菌数量却无显著改变。     

酪酸梭菌--婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的　观察酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法　检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果　肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化 ,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,结论　酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

结肠清洗后肠道微生态平衡的重建

目的观察结肠清洗对人肠道菌群的影响和结肠清洗后肠道微生态平衡再建的过程。方法10名健康男性志愿者随机平均分为2组,一组为结肠清洗后食用普通膳食,另一组为结肠清洗后,先食用航天食品,后食用普通膳食,在选定的时相点收集粪便,选择性培养基分别对肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌及双歧杆菌定量测定。结果结肠清洗后,肠道所有的微生物数量均显著减少,7d后肠道菌群恢复正常。结论结肠清洗引起肠道微生态平衡紊乱,航天食品不利于肠道微生态重建。     

饮用加银水对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态及骨钙代谢的影响

目的 :研究饮用加银水对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态及骨钙代谢的影响。方法 :30只 SD雄性大鼠随机分为地面对照组 ( GC)、模拟失重对照组 ( SC)和模拟失重饮用 0 .2 0 mg/ L 加银水组 ( SS) ,实验期 2 1d。第 7、14和 2 1天用选择性培养基分别对肠球菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及类杆菌定量测定 ,并测定饲料钙表观吸收率 ;第 2 1天取右侧股骨测骨密度和骨钙含量。结果 :骨密度和骨钙含量 SC组显著低于 GC组 ,SS组也低于 SC组 ;SC组和 GC组比较 ,SC组出现厌氧菌群的减少和需氧菌群的增加及饲料钙表观吸收率的下降 ,且这种变化出现较早 ,SS组和 SC组比较 ,SS组出现以厌氧菌群中 G 菌的减少和需氧菌群G-菌的增加为主的菌群失调及饲料钙表观吸收率的下降 ,且这种变化出现较晚。结论 :饮用 0 .2 0 mg/ L 加银水可以加重模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态的失调和骨钙代谢的紊乱 ,但需要较长的作用时间 ,且其微生态的失调以 G 细菌减少为主的厌氧菌群减少型     

健康鸡与患病鸡消化道中正常菌分布变化超微观察

利用扫描电镜观察健康鸡与患球虫病鸡消化道（嗉囊、回肠和盲肠部位）中正常菌群黏附状况发生的变化。结果表明,健康鸡消化道黏膜表面均匀覆盖着大量的正常菌群,黏膜完整,其中嗉囊表面黏附的乳酸杆菌最为致密;而患球虫病鸡消化道黏膜脱落,正常菌群明显减少,这是病鸡发生腹泻的主要原因。     

Distribution of estrone sulfatase activity in the intestine of germfree and conventional rats

The intestinal content, the mucosa and the rest of the intestinal wall of germfree (GF) and conventional ( CVL ) rats were tested for in vitro hydrolysis of [3H]estrone sulfate. In homogenates from GF rat intestine some estrone sulfate hydrolysis was detected in those from the proximal small intestine (PSI) (4.2 +/- 0.1% hydrolyzed after 4 h), but not in those from the distal small intestine (DSI) and the caecum. Estrone sulfate was also hydrolyzed by the homogenates of the mucosa and the rest of the intestinal wall from each of the segments tested (PSI: 12.8 +/- 0.4% (mucosa) and 21.5 +/- 2.1 (wall); DSI: 8.2 +/- 0.9% (mucosa) and 17.3 +/- 1.7% (wall); caecum: 8.8 +/- 1.6% (mucosa) and 17.3 +/- 0.5% (wall) ). In the homogenates of CVL rat intestine, the estrone sulfatase activity in the rest of the intestinal wall did not differ considerably from the values for GF rats, when expressed per mg protein of the homogenate. The mucosa of the CVL rats, however, showed higher rates of hydrolysis than the mucosa of the GF rats. The microbial estrone sulfatase activity in the intestinal content of CVL rats, tested by anaerobic incubation, was high in the caecum (91.7 +/- 6.6% after 4 h), but very low in the PSI (2.2 +/- 0.7%) and DSI (1.3 +/- 0.5%). Serial dilutions of the caecal content also showed higher viable numbers of estrone sulfate hydrolyzing bacteria. These results add further weight to the suggestion that estrone sulfate may be absorbed from the small intestine, but has to be hydrolyzed in the caecum by the gut microflora prior to absorption.     

Profiling of composition and metabolic activities of the colonic microflora of growing pigs fed diets supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides

It is evident that quantitative information on different microbial groups and their contribution in terms of activity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and animals is required in order to formulate functional diets targeting improved gut function and host health. In this work, quantitative information on levels and spatial distributions of Bacteroides spp, Eubacterium spp, Clostridium spp, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium spp and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. along the porcine large intestine was investigated using 16S rRNA targeted probes and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Caecum, ascending colon (AC) and rectum luminal digesta from three groups of individually housed growing pigs fed either a corn-soybean basal diet (CON diet) or a prebiotic diet containing 10 g/kg oligofructose (FOS diet) or trans-galactooligosaccharides (TOS diet) at the expense of cornstarch were analysed. DAPI staining was used to enumerate total number of cells in the samples. Populations of total cells, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium declined significantly (P < 0.05) from caecum to rectum, and were not affected by dietary treatments. Populations of Lactobacillus/Enterococcus and E. coli did not differ throughout the large intestine. The relative percent (%) contribution of each bacterial group to the total cell count did not differ between caecum and rectum, with the exception of Eubacterium that was higher in the AC digesta. FISH analysis showed that the sum of all bacterial groups made up a small percentage of the total cells, which was 12.4%, 21.8% and 10.3% in caecum, AC and rectum, respectively. This supports the view that in swine, the diversity of GI microflora might be higher compared to other species. In terms of microflora metabolic activity, the substantially higher numerical trends seen in FOS and TOS treatments regarding total volatile fatty acid, acetate concentrations and glycolytic activities, it could be postulated that FOS and TOS promoted saccharolytic activities in the porcine colon.     

Variation of mucin distribution in the rat intestine, caecum and colon: effect of the bacterial flora.

The influence of the intestinal microflora on mucin types was studied in the small intestine, caecum and colon of conventional (CV) rats as compared to germ-free (GF) rats. A colorimetric method was used on purified water-soluble mucin extracted from mucosal scrapings and contents. Variations occurred between the three anatomical sites both in the mucosas and intestinal contents of GF rats. In CV rats, the presence of the bacterial flora led to different effects depending on the intestinal site: in the small intestinal mucosa, neutral and sulphomucins values were higher whereas sialomucin was much lower. Conversely, sialomucin was higher in the caecal and colonic mucosas and contents whereas sulphated mucins were decreased significantly in caecal contents and caecal and colonic mucosas. These variations in the contents may reflect the bacterial mucolytic activity and the effect of bacterial metabolites on the mucosa.     

家蚕胚胎期重力相关基因的抑制消减杂交分析

目的：筛选家蚕胚胎期重力相关基因。方法：对模拟失重与正常重力条件下的家蚕胚胎cDNA进行抑制消减杂交（Suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH）,并对模拟失重过程中家蚕胚胎期表达发生变化的基因进行克隆、测序及同源性分析。结果：获得了34个与重力有关的序列标签。在模拟失重条件下有16个基因表达上调,其中15个为未知基因,1个为已知基因,其作用是维持mRNA的稳定性。在模拟失重条件下有18个基因表达下调,其中4个为未知基因,6个为蛋白合成相关基因,3个为基因组contig基因,5个为家蚕est库中功能未知基因。结论：模拟失重环境影响了家蚕胚胎发育期与mRNA稳定性和蛋白质合成相关基因的表达。     

Short-term simulated weightlessness enhances response of L-type calcium channel to angiotensin II in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

Some studies suggest that the calcium channels and rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) play pivotal roles in the region-specific vascular adaptation due to simulated weightlessness. This study was designed to clarify if angiotensin II (Ang II) was involved in the adaptational change of the L-type calcium channel (Ca(L)) in the cerebral arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under simulated weightlessness. Tail suspension (SUS) for 3 d was used to simulate immediate early cardiovascular changes to weightlessness. Then VSMCs in cerebral basilar artery were enzymatically isolated using papain, and Ca(L) current (barium instead of calcium as current carrier) in VSMCs was measured by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The results showed that 3-day simulated weightlessness significantly increased current density of Ca(L). However, I-V relationships of normalized peak current densities and steady-state activation curves of Ca(L) were not affected by simulated weightlessness. Although Ang II significantly increased current densities of Ca(L) in both SUS and control rats, the increase of Ca(L) current density in SUS rats was much more than that in control rats. These results suggest that 3-day simulated weightlessness induces the adaptational change of Ca(L) in cerebral VSMCs including increased response to Ang II, indicating that Ang II may play an important role in the adaptational change of cerebral arteries under microgravity.     

化疗安口服液对白血病患者化疗后免疫功能及肠道菌群影响的研究

目的 化疗安口服液扶植肠道正常菌群生长,可减轻化疗药副作用,提高白血病化疗患者免疫力。方法 按常规方法筛选出具有扶植肠道正常菌群生长,恢复免疫功能的最佳中药;将选择病例随机分为化疗安口服液治疗组、常规化疗组,观察其化疗前、化疗后10d肠道常驻菌（肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌）指标,测定T细胞亚群（CD3、CD4、CD8和CD4／CD8）,免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgM和IgA）指标。结果 各项指标同单纯化疗组相比,差异均有极显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 中药化疗安口服液具有促进双歧杆菌与乳酸杆菌等有益于机体的优势菌的生长,抑制肠杆菌和肠球菌生长的作用,并具有减少化疗患者合并症,提高免疫功能。