模拟失重对大鼠肠道菌群影响的研究

目的：研究模拟失重条件下大鼠肠道菌群变化情况。方法：选择性培养基分别对肠球菌、肠杆菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌以及双歧杆菌进行定量测定,扫描电镜观察大鼠盲肠上皮细胞的组织变化。结果：过路菌群中肠杆菌和肠球菌数量增加显著;原籍菌群中双歧杆菌减少十分明显,乳杆菌的数量也有不同程度的减少,而类杆菌的数量有增加的趋势。SD大鼠盲肠出现了肿胀细胞,上皮细胞颈毛排列紊乱、稀疏。结论：模拟失重条件下大鼠肠道微生态出现平衡失调。     

低聚木糖对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态的影响

目的 研究低聚木糖对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态的影响。方法 采用大鼠尾部悬吊法模拟失重。32只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只：FC组（地面对照组,饲喂基础饲料）,FS组（地面处理组,饲喂添加低聚木糖的饲料）,SC组（尾吊对照组,饲喂基础饲料）。SS组（尾吊处理组,饲喂添加低聚木糖的饲料）,实验21d,SC和SS组解除尾吊继续观察。实验21d。采用选择性培养基对大鼠粪便肠杆菌、肠球菌、类杆菌、双歧杆菌以及乳杆菌进行定量测定。结果 SC组与FC组相比,双歧杆菌数量减少,肠杆菌和肠球菌数量增加;FS组比FC组双歧杆菌数量增加显著,肠杆菌和肠球菌有不同程度的减少,SS组比SC组双歧杆菌数量增加显著,肠杆菌和肠球菌也有不同程度的减少。类杆菌和乳杆菌变化不明显。尾吊解除期,SS组双歧杆菌数量比SC组更快恢复到正常水平。结论 低聚木糖可促进尾吊大鼠肠道益生菌主要是双歧杆菌的增殖,一定程度上促进由于模拟失重造成肠道微生态失调的平衡,并对条件致病菌具有一定的抑制作用。     

螺旋藻对腹泻模型小鼠肠道菌群的影响

为评价螺旋藻对肠道菌群的影响, 采用注射氨苄青霉素的方法, 制造小鼠腹泻模型, 造模成功后灌服不同剂量螺旋藻进行治疗, 取不同治疗时间的粪便样品, 检测双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌菌群的数量,并在螺旋藻灌胃8 d后, 测定小鼠不同肠段各指标菌群的数量。结果表明, 中高剂量组螺旋藻对腹泻模型小鼠肠道菌群有明显调整作用, 有效缩短了肠道菌群由失调到平衡的时间;粪便样品同各肠段内容物所反映的菌群的变化趋势相同, 即治疗恢复组的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量总体上高于生理盐水组, 肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌数量均低于生理盐水组, 但取样位置不同, 各指标菌群的数量明显存在差异。     

肠道菌群与肠易激综合征分型及患者血清细胞间黏附分子 1表达的关系

目的分析肠道菌群与IBS分型及患者血清细胞间黏附分子 1(ICAM 1)表达的关系,为后续研究提供参考。方法选择2018年12月至2020年1月我院收治的152例符合标准的肠易激综合征(IBS)患者作为观察组,并依照罗马Ⅲ标准将观察组患者分为腹泻型组(62例)、便秘型组(56例)、混合型组(34例);选择同期我院健康体检者30例为对照组。检测受试者粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌数量,同时检测受试者血清ICAM 1水平。采用Pearson相关性分析患者肠道菌群与血清ICAM 1关系,并采用Logistics回归模型分析肠道菌群与IBS各亚型的关系。结果观察组患者血清ICAM 1、肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌水平显著低于对照组,肠道肠杆菌和肠球菌水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同亚型IBS患者血清ICAM 1、肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌水平存在明显差异,其中混合组患者血清ICAM 1、肠杆菌、肠球菌数量最高,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量最低;腹泻型组肠道肠杆菌、肠球菌数量最低,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量最高(均P<0.05)。肠道中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌数量是IBS分型的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量与ICAM 1水平呈显著负相关,而肠道肠杆菌和肠球菌数量与ICAM 1水平呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论肠道菌群可影响IBS患者分型,且肠道中部分菌群与ICAM 1水平存在显著相关关系。     

抑郁症人群肠道微生物群落结构与功能探讨

目的了解抑郁症人群肠道主要微生物群落情况,探讨在机体精神心理异常状态下肠道内微生态平衡特点,从而为研究抑郁症人群及相关精神心理疾患人群的防治新策略提供数据资料。方法设抑郁症患者研究组和健康对照组,采用日本光冈法定性定量检测肠道乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、肠球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、肠杆菌科及酵母菌的菌群值,计算和比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值)。结果与健康人对照组比较,抑郁症人群研究组肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著降低(P0.01);B/E值显著减少(P0.01);肠杆菌科细菌、肠球菌数量显著增加(P0.01,P0.05)。结论抑郁症人群肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加,益生菌群与肠杆菌科结构发生改变,推测抑郁症的发生,有可能通过肠-脑轴的联系,使大脑情感中枢功能紊乱与肠道菌群微生态平衡失调的相互作用有关。     

螺旋藻对慢性应激大鼠结肠菌群和体重的影响

目的观察螺旋藻对慢性应激大鼠结肠菌群和体重的保健作用。方法采用SD大鼠慢性应激模型,实验期为7周。用平板计数法检测大鼠肠道菌群。结果慢性应激大鼠粪便中发生明显的以双歧杆菌数量下降为特征的菌群失调现象,进食含5%螺旋藻饲料的大鼠粪便中双歧杆菌数量显著增加,肠杆菌相应减少,体重相应增加。结论在慢性应激条件下,饲喂螺旋藻能够有效维持大鼠肠道微生态平衡,促进大鼠生长。     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

感染华支睾吸虫大鼠肠道菌群的实验研究

目的 观察华支睾吸虫感染对大鼠肠道菌群的影响.方法 建立华支睾吸虫感染大鼠模型,分别在造模后48 h、18d和35 d,取肠内容物进行乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌的培养及定量分析.结果 与对照组相比,在感染后48 h,大鼠肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少(P＜0.05),肠球菌和肠杆菌数量略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在感染后18 d(童虫期),乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量进一步减少(P＜0.01),肠杆菌和肠球菌数量明显增加(P＜0.01);在感染后35 d(成虫期),四种肠道菌与童虫期的变化基本一致.结论 华支睾吸虫感染可致大鼠肠道菌群发生失调,其中益生菌减少,致病菌增多,尤以童虫期、成虫期较重.     

活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群影响的研究

目的 探讨一种活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群的影响作用.方法 采用卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》调节肠道菌群功能检验方法进行检验.结果 试食组试验前后自身比较：肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,肠球菌数量增加（P＜0.05）,产气荚膜梭菌数量明显减少（P＜0.01）,肠杆菌和拟杆菌无明显变化;试验后对照组与试食组组间比较：双歧杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,乳杆菌的数量增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌和拟杆菌无明显变化.结论 活性乳酸菌饮料具有调节人体肠道菌群、改善肠道内环境的作用.     

更年期综合征人体肠道微生物群落结构研究

目的定性定量检测更年期综合征个体肠道微生物群落,探讨该状态中的人群肠道内微生态平衡状态及其特点,从而为研究更年期综合征人群的防治新策略提供数据资料。方法设患更年期综合征妇女研究组和相近年龄同性别的健康妇女对照组,采用光冈法检测相关肠道菌群(双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属、类杆菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、消化链球菌属、肠杆菌科、肠球菌属及酵母菌)的菌群值,同时计算和比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值)。结果与相似年龄同性别的健康人群对照组比较,更年期综合征人群研究组肠道双歧杆菌数量显著降低(P0.01);B/E值较显著减少(P0.01);肠杆菌科细菌、消化链球菌、肠球菌数量显著增加(P0.01,P0.01,P0.05)。结论更年期综合征人群肠道双歧杆菌数量显著减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加,益生菌群与肠杆菌科结构发生改变,可能更年期综合征人群由于神经内分泌失调等健康状态的下降,引起肠道有益菌群与腐败菌比例发生变化,从而引起肠道微生态失调。     

饮用加银水对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态及骨钙代谢的影响

目的 :研究饮用加银水对模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态及骨钙代谢的影响。方法 :30只 SD雄性大鼠随机分为地面对照组 ( GC)、模拟失重对照组 ( SC)和模拟失重饮用 0 .2 0 mg/ L 加银水组 ( SS) ,实验期 2 1d。第 7、14和 2 1天用选择性培养基分别对肠球菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及类杆菌定量测定 ,并测定饲料钙表观吸收率 ;第 2 1天取右侧股骨测骨密度和骨钙含量。结果 :骨密度和骨钙含量 SC组显著低于 GC组 ,SS组也低于 SC组 ;SC组和 GC组比较 ,SC组出现厌氧菌群的减少和需氧菌群的增加及饲料钙表观吸收率的下降 ,且这种变化出现较早 ,SS组和 SC组比较 ,SS组出现以厌氧菌群中 G 菌的减少和需氧菌群G-菌的增加为主的菌群失调及饲料钙表观吸收率的下降 ,且这种变化出现较晚。结论 :饮用 0 .2 0 mg/ L 加银水可以加重模拟失重大鼠肠道微生态的失调和骨钙代谢的紊乱 ,但需要较长的作用时间 ,且其微生态的失调以 G 细菌减少为主的厌氧菌群减少型     

结肠清洗后肠道微生态平衡的重建

目的观察结肠清洗对人肠道菌群的影响和结肠清洗后肠道微生态平衡再建的过程。方法10名健康男性志愿者随机平均分为2组,一组为结肠清洗后食用普通膳食,另一组为结肠清洗后,先食用航天食品,后食用普通膳食,在选定的时相点收集粪便,选择性培养基分别对肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌及双歧杆菌定量测定。结果结肠清洗后,肠道所有的微生物数量均显著减少,7d后肠道菌群恢复正常。结论结肠清洗引起肠道微生态平衡紊乱,航天食品不利于肠道微生态重建。     

家蚕胚胎期重力相关基因的抑制消减杂交分析

目的：筛选家蚕胚胎期重力相关基因。方法：对模拟失重与正常重力条件下的家蚕胚胎cDNA进行抑制消减杂交（Suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH）,并对模拟失重过程中家蚕胚胎期表达发生变化的基因进行克隆、测序及同源性分析。结果：获得了34个与重力有关的序列标签。在模拟失重条件下有16个基因表达上调,其中15个为未知基因,1个为已知基因,其作用是维持mRNA的稳定性。在模拟失重条件下有18个基因表达下调,其中4个为未知基因,6个为蛋白合成相关基因,3个为基因组contig基因,5个为家蚕est库中功能未知基因。结论：模拟失重环境影响了家蚕胚胎发育期与mRNA稳定性和蛋白质合成相关基因的表达。     

Two-dimensional clinorotation influences cellular morphology, cytoskeleton and secretion of MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the clinostat-simulated weightlessness on biological characteristics of MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells. MLO-Y4 cells were incubated for 24 h, then randomly divided into 3 groups and rotated in a clinostat as a model of simulated weightlessness for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The morphology, cytoskeleton, and secretion of soluble molecules of MLO-Y4 cells were observed and detected. The results show that clinostat culture affects the number of dendrites/cell, cytoskeleton distribution, and secretion of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in MLO-Y4 cells. These results may provide some clue to explore the cellular mechanism of bone loss caused by weightlessness.     

化疗安口服液对白血病患者化疗后免疫功能及肠道菌群影响的研究

目的 化疗安口服液扶植肠道正常菌群生长,可减轻化疗药副作用,提高白血病化疗患者免疫力。方法 按常规方法筛选出具有扶植肠道正常菌群生长,恢复免疫功能的最佳中药;将选择病例随机分为化疗安口服液治疗组、常规化疗组,观察其化疗前、化疗后10d肠道常驻菌（肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌）指标,测定T细胞亚群（CD3、CD4、CD8和CD4／CD8）,免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgM和IgA）指标。结果 各项指标同单纯化疗组相比,差异均有极显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 中药化疗安口服液具有促进双歧杆菌与乳酸杆菌等有益于机体的优势菌的生长,抑制肠杆菌和肠球菌生长的作用,并具有减少化疗患者合并症,提高免疫功能。     

Reducing colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken by targeting outer membrane proteins

AIMS: To evaluate the ability of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of 75.6 and 82.3 kDa to inhibit or reduce in vivo colonization of S. Enteritidis on intestinal mucosa in chickens. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were subcutaneously immunized with 75.6 or 82.3 kDa protein, and challenged with a virulent strain of S. Enteritidis. Chickens were killed, and portions of small intestine and caecum were removed at necropsy. The population of S. Enteritidis attached to chicken intestinal mucosa was determined. The population of S. Enteritidis recovered from the small intestine and caecum of chickens immunized with 75.6 or 82.3 kDa protein was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that recovered from the control birds. CONCLUSIONS: Salmonella Enteritidis OMPs 75.6 kDa and 82.3 kDa were effective in reducing colonization of S. Enteritidis on intestinal mucosa in chickens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Salmonella Enteritidis OMPs 75.6 or 82.3 kDa could be used as potential vaccines to reduce S. Enteritidis colonization in chickens.     

尾悬吊大鼠小脑间位核促离子型谷氨酸受体表达增加

外周信息主要通过神经末梢释放谷氨酸激活促离子型谷氨酸受体（ ionotropic glutamate receptor,iGluRs）,调节间位核神经元的兴奋性。研究旨在探讨模拟失重对大鼠小脑间位核iGluRs 表达的影响。采用大鼠尾部悬吊法建立模拟失重动物模型,按体重配对原则随机将大鼠分为尾部悬吊14 d组和正常同步对照组。采用免疫组织化学ABC染色法观测大鼠小脑间位核iGluRs （ NMDAR-1、AMPAR-2和KAR-2）免疫阳性神经元数量的变化。结果表明正常对照组大鼠小脑间位核内有iGluRs免疫阳性神经元存在。大鼠吊尾14 d后,大鼠小脑间位核iGluRs免疫阳性细胞数明显增多（ P＜0.05）。结论模拟失重可使大鼠小脑间位核神经元网络的兴奋性增高。这一变化可能与模拟失重引起的调控肌肉运动的中枢神经系统的适应性变化有关。     

Effect of simulated and real weightlessness on early regeneration stages of Brassica napus protoplasts

Summary Results from experiments using protoplasts in space, performed on the Biokosmos 9 satellite in 1989 and on the Space Shuttle on the IML-1-mission in 1992 and S/MM-03 in 1996, are presented. This paper focuses on the observation that the regeneration capacity of protoplasts is lower under micro-g conditions than under 1 g conditions. These aspects have been difficult to interpret and raise new questions about the mechanisms behind the observed effects. In an effort to try to find a key element to the poor regeneration capacity, ground-based studies were initiated focusing on the effect of the variable organization and quantity of corticular microtubules (CMTs) as a consequence of short periods of real and simulated weightlessness. The new results demonstrated the capacity of protoplasts to enter division, confirming the findings in space that this was affected by gravity. The percentage of dividing cells significantly decreased as a result of exposure to simulated weightlessness on a 2-D clinostat. Similar observations were made when comparing the wall components, which confirmed that the reconstitution of the cell wall was retarded under both space conditions and simulated weightlessness. The peroxidase activity in protoplasts exposed to microgravity was slightly decreased in both 0 g and 1 g flight samples compared with the ground controls, whereas activity in the protoplasts exposed to simulated weightlessness was similar to activity in the 1 g control. The observation that protoplasts had randomized and more sparse corticular microtubules when exposed to various forms of simulated and real weightlessness on a free-fall machine on the ground could indicate that the low division capacity in 0 g protoplasts was correlated with an abnormal CMT array in these protoplasts. This study has increased our knowledge of the more basic biochemical and cell biological aspects of g effects. This is an important link in preparation for the new space era, when it will be possible to follow the growth of single cells and tissue cultures for generations under microgravity conditions on the new International Space Station, which will be functional on a permanent basis from the year 2003.     

Image analysis of p53 and cyclin D1 expression in premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa

OBJECTIVE: The expression of p53 and cyclin D1 proteins was analyzed by image analysis in oral premalignant lesions and normal oral mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: Punch biopsies from the normal oral mucosa were obtained from 20 normal donors and 41 patients with oral dysplastic leukoplakias. After controlled formaldehyde fixation and paraffin embedding, immunohistochemistry was used to detect cyclin D1 and p53. Image analysis was performed using stain intensity levels established by determining color thresholds (nuclear score) in the basal and parabasal layers. RESULTS: Analysis of sections showed a similar pattern: only two normal donors had a few intensely positive p53 cells in the basal layer of the floor of the mouth and the tongue epithelia. Similarly, only three donors had intensely positive cyclin D1 cells in the normal epithelia of the same sites. Most cells fell in the range of negative or marginal stain (lower quartiles or terciles of nuclear score). These data on normal mucosa were compared with low grade oral leukoplakias (LGD) with mild to moderate dysplasia and with high grade leukoplakias (HGD) with severe dysplasia. Both markers were differentially expressed in precursor lesions versus normal epithelia. Statistical analysis of our data shows that the intensity of the immunohistochemical stain, as reflected in the nuclear scores of p53, is a reliable parameter that can differentiate between LGD and HGD of the oral mucosa. This was especially true when higher nuclear scores were compared. In contrast, low nuclear scores are more effective in differentiating normal epithelia from dysplastic epithelia. Although cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry does not stain as intensely as p53 stain, similar conclusions can be derived from those data. CONCLUSION: Image analysis of these two markers proved useful in distinguishing normal oral epithelia from low grade and high grade leukoplakias. With further developments in this field it is hoped that image analysis procedures could be used in different types of studies in which variations of protein expression in tissue sections could have prognostic implications or could be useful to determine subtle effects of curative or preventive treatment.