中华稻蝗等位酶基因型与阿维菌素急性死亡率差异研究

中华稻蝗的Ldh、Gpi、Pgm、Me基因座位具有多态性 ,从平均每个基因座位的等位基因数 (A =2 8)、多态基因座位百分率 (P =80 0 % )、平均观察杂合度 (Ho=0 2 71～ 0 2 79)和平均期望杂合度 (He=0 30 5～ 0 316 ) 4个参数可知 ,中华稻蝗具有较高的遗传多样性 ,适合于农药阿维菌素作为选择因子用于对具有不同基因型的个体的致死性差异研究。用阿维菌素农药制剂按 1 3× 10 -2 μg/ g剂量注射中华稻蝗五龄若虫共 85 5头 ,2 4h后平均死亡率为 5 4 %。分别对存活个体和死亡个体的Ldh、Gpi、Pgm、Me基因座位进行等位酶分析以确定每个个体的基因型。列联表 χ2 检验表明 :阿维菌素对Ldh、Pgm和Me各基因型个体的选择呈现随机特征 ,各基因型与死亡率未见显著的相关 (P >0 0 5 )。但在Gpi基因座位上 ,各基因型个体的死亡率呈梯度分布 ,由低到高依次为Gpi AA(38% )、Gpi AB (5 1% )、Gpi BB (5 8% )和Gpi BC (74 % )。且Gpi AA与Gpi BB(P <0 0 5 )、Gpi AA与Gpi BC(P<0 0 1)、Gpi AB与Gpi BC(P <0 0 5 )之间的基因型与死亡率存在显著的相关关系 ,显示阿维菌素的致死作用对Gpi基因座位的不同基因型呈现出非随机特征 ,Gpi AA基因型很可能与中华稻蝗对阿维菌素的抗药性有关。此外 ,在所有具有较低死亡率的个     

Toxicological and biochemical characterizations of malathion sensitivity in two field populations of Oxya chinensis （Orthoptera： Acridoidea）

We evaluate comparative toxicity of malathion in the two populations of the grasshopper Oxya chinensis, collected from Daixian and Fanshi of Shanxi province, China. General esterases and acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） from the two populations were characterized and compared. LD50 of the Daixian population （7.58 μg/g body weight） was 2.02-fold higher than that of the Fanshi population （3.75μg/g body weight）. General esterase-specific activities in the Daixian population were 1.91,130 and 1.85-fold higher than those in the Fanshi population, when α-NA, α-NB and β-NA were used as a substrate, respectively. Kinetic studies of general esterase showed that Vmax values of general esterases hydrolyzing α-NA,α-NB and β-NA in the Daixian population were 2.15-, 1.12-, and 1.47-fold, respectively, higher than those in the Fanshi population. The AChE activity of the Fanshi population was 1.54-fold higher than that of the Daixian population. Kinetic analysis of AChE showed that significant differences were presented between the two populations in the Km values; and the Vmax value in the Fanshi population was higher than that in the Daixian population. Inhibition studies of AChE indicated that AChE from the Daixian population was 2.56-, 2.80-, and 2.29-fold less sensitive to inhibition by paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-oxon, and demeton-S-methyl, respectively, than that from the Fanshi population. These biochemical characterizations of general esterases and AChE were consistent with malathion bioassay in the two populations. It is inferred that the reduced sensitivity of altered AChE and increased general esterase activities play an important role in the differences of insusceptibility of Oxya chinensis to malathion between the two populations.     

短串联重复序列D7S2201基因座的群体遗传学研究

用扩增片段长度多态性技术分析短串联重复序列D7S2201基因座的遗传多态性,在262个中国成都地区汉族无关个体及119个泰国曼谷地区泰人无关个体中分别发现7个和5个等位基因,首次获得该基因座在两群体中的频率分布,其等位基因片段大小范围为100～124bp。两群体的基因型频率分布均符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。该基因座在两群体中的个人识别能力（PD）、杂合度（H）、多态性信息含量（CPI）及非父排除率（PE）分别为0.7038、0.5992、0.4789、0.2900和0.7351、0.5882、0.5012、0.2770。家系调查证实了等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。χ2检验表明两群体间等位基因频率分布无显著性差异。 Abstract：The polymorphism of a new short tandem repeat (STR) locus D7S2201 was analyzed by using AmpFLP. Seven alleles were observed in 262 unrelated Chinese individuals living in Chengdu and five alleles in 119 unrelated Thai individuals living in Bangkok, the ranges of fragment size were 100～124bp. The genotypes distributions of D7S2201 locus in the two populations were in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The discriminating power (PD), observed heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (CPI) and power of exclusion (PE) were 0.7038, 05992, 04789, 02900 in Chinese population and 0.7351, 0.5882, 0.5012, 0.2770 in Thai population respectively. Family studies confirmed Mendelian inheritance of alleles. No significant difference was observed between the two populations.     

云南汉族人群D17S30位点扩增片段长度多态性A

应用PCR技术和小型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染法, 对云南汉族人群D17S30位点扩增片段长度多态性进行了分析。在被检的105名无关个体中,共检出12个等位基因,41种基因型。等位基因频率范围在0.0048-0.2190之间,杂合度为83.81%,DP值为0.9647。观察的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinber g定律。 Abstract:A study on amplified fragment length polymorphism(Amp-FLP)at locus D17S30 in Han nationality of Yunnan was carried out by using PCR followed by a high-resolution PAGE technique and silver staining.In a sample of 105 unrelated individuals,a total 12 different alleles and 41 genotypes were detected.The heterozygosity was 83.81% and the probability of discrimination(DP) was 0.9647.The distribution of observed genotypes obeyed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.     

群体遗传不平衡条件下的结构基因遗传共适应特性

本研究以柴达木山羊、柴达木绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊三个群体共147只山羊为材料,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术检测了5种血液蛋白质（酶）基因座的遗传多态性,并进行了结构基因遗传共适应的研究,结果发现：45个基因座组合中有10个基因座组合处于遗传不平衡状态,并且这些遗传不平衡皆单纯由遗传共适应差异造成;除辽宁绒山羊Tf-PA-3组合的遗传不平衡包含非等位基因间的遗传共适应差异外,其他基因座组合的遗传不平衡皆由等位基因间的共适应差异,即单基因座的遗传不平衡造成;LAP-EsD组合的共适应差异在群体间有遗传传递现象。 Abstract:With the technology of PAGE,the genetic polymorphism of blood protein and enzyme was investigated,and genetic co-adaptability among structural genes was studied in three goat populations(147 goats) including Chaidamu goat(CS),Chaidamu Cashmere goat(CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat(LRS) in Qinghai Province,China.The results were showed that the genetic disequilibrium of 10 locus combinations was found among 45 locus combinations in the three goat populations,and these genetic disequilibria were caused only by the difference of genetic co-adaptability among genes,because there didn′t exist the linkage disequilibrium among non-allelic genes.The genetic disequilibrium including the difference of genetic co-adaptability between non-allelic genes was only found at Tf-PA-3 locus combinations in LRS population,the other ones were all caused by the genetic disequilibrium at a single locus.The difference of genetic co-adaptability of LAP-EsD locus combinations could be messaged among different populations.     

中国维吾尔族人群MSY1(DYF155S1)基因座多态性及其结构特点

应用荧光标记MVR-PCR、Amp-FLP与DNA序列分析技术等检测106例中国维吾尔族人群无关男性个体血纱样品,揭示了中国维吾尔族人群Y特异的小卫星MSY1 (DYF155S1)基因座5′和3′端多态性及其基因结构特点。DYF155S1基因座的多态性表现为3个方面：（1）长度多态性;（2）5′端多态性;（3）3′端多态性。106例无关个体共检出37个不同长度的片段,5′端检出68个类型,3′端检出23个类型。综合这3方面多态性,106例个体间没有相同,其基因多样性（h）超过0.9999。DNA序列分析发现该基因座5′端表现有7种模块结构,3′端有2种模块结构。DYF155S2片段缺失率约为4.7%。MVR-PCR、Amp-FLP与DNA序列分析技术结合起来可以更充分地揭示人群Y染色体特异的小卫星MSY1（DYF155S1）基因座多态性,并提出命名方式,从而为人类遗传学及法医学研究提供了有用的方法和基础资料。 Abstract:The study is to reveal the diversity and gene structure of 5′ and 3′ end of DYF155S1 locus in Y-chromosome minisatellite among Chinese Uygur population.Fluorescent MVR-PCR（minisatellite variant repeat by PCR）,Amp-FLP(Amplified fragment length polymorphism) and DNA sequencing methods were used repectively to detect 106 unrelated males among Chinese Uygur population.The polymorphisms of DYF155S1 locus could be revealed in three aspects:(1) polymorphic length:the sizes of amplified fragments ranged from 1405 to 2505bp.There are 37 types found among the 106 unrelated males.(2) polymorphism at 5′ end of DYF155S1 locus,68 types found among the 106 unrelated males.(3) polymorphism at 3′ end of DYF155S1 locus,23 types found among the 106 unrelated males.In combination of these three aspects of polymorphism,none of the 106 unrelated males tested had the same allele,and the gene diversity(h) was over 0.9999.Seven and two types of modular structure were founded in the 5′ and 3′ end of DYF155S1 locus,respectively,by DNA sequencing.The alleles at DYF155S2 locus showed yes/no dimorphism and the rate of deletion was 4.7%.The polymorphisms of DYF155S1 locus were fully revealed by using combination of MVR-PCR, Amp-FLP and DNA sequencing methods, and we suggested the nomenclature for alleles of MVR loci.These methods are useful tools and provide basic data for the study of human genetics and forensic medicine.     

Effect of five diatomaceous earth formulations against Tribofium castaneum （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）, Oryzaephflus surinamensis （Coleoptera： Silvanidae） and Rhyzopertha dominica （Coleoptera： Bostrychidae）

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effect of food source on the survival of Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F., after exposure to five diatomaceous earth （DE） formulations： Protect-It, Insecto, Perma-GuardTM, Dryacide and SilicoSec. Adults of these species were exposed to DEs at the rate of 0.5 mg/cm^2 for 1 day on filter paper inside plastic Petri dishes. After exposure, the initial mortality was counted and live individuals of the three species were held for a week in glass vials containing 50 mg wheat flour, rice and whole wheat, respectively. In the second experiment, after 1 day exposure to DEs, beetles were transferred to Petri dishes without food and held for a week to determine if the presence of food source would decrease the mortality of beetles. Experiments were carried out at 27℃ and 55% RH in the dark. The initial mortality in both of the experiments reached 100% for the three species exposed to Protect-It and in the case ofR. dominica and O. surinamensis exposed to Dryacide. In contrast, low level of mortality （〈 10%） was observed for T. castaneum exposed to Perma-GuardTM and Insecto. The mortality after the post-treatment period on food was decreased for the three species exposed to Perma-GuardTM and in the case of T. castaneum and R. dominica exposed to Insecto and SilicoSec. Adults of O. surinamensis were the most susceptible followed by R. dominica and 100% adult mortality was obtained, whereas T. castaneum were the least susceptible beetles to DEs. Protect-It and Dryacide were the most efficient DE formulations and can be used effectively in a stored grain integrated pest management program.     

IGFBP3基因多态性与秦川牛部分屠宰性状的相关性 Polymorphisms of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Gene and Its Associations with Several Carcass Traits in Qinchuan Cattle

以IGFBP3基因作为秦川牛（Bos taurus）部分屠宰指标的侯选基因,在对60头秦川牛的IGFBP3基因进行PCR-RFLP和序列分析的基础上,对秦川牛群体中IGFBP3基因座等位基因和基因型频率的分布及其与秦川牛部分屠宰性状的关系进行了分析。结果发现,在秦川牛群体中,651 bp的PCR 产物经过限制性内切酶HaeIII消化后,表现出3种基因型,其中等位基因A、B及3种基因型AA、AB、BB的频率分别为0.84、0.16和070、0.28、0.02。经序列分析发现,第299位的C→A颠换（GGCC变成了GGAC）导致了1个HaeIII限制性酶切位点的丢失而产生了该基因座多态性。在所研究的群体中,该多态基因座处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P＞005）。对13头24月龄秦川牛进行屠宰分析,发现不同基因型对秦川牛部分屠宰指标有一定影响,AA、AB及BB型个体的屠宰率、净肉率及西冷、牛柳、眼肉和嫩肩肉的产率逐渐降低,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）;AA型个体的眼肌面积大于BB型个体（P＜0.05）,AB型和BB型个体胴体脂肪含量高于AA型个体（P＜0.01）。 Abstract:DNA samples from 60 Qinchuan cattle (Bos taurus) were analyzed with PCR-RFLPs and sequencing for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) gene.Fragments of 651 bp were amplified with two primers and the products of PCR were digested with restriction endonuclease HaeIII.The produced fragments showed three genotypes,namely AA,AB and BB after electrophoresis.Frequencies of the genotype AA,AB,BB and allele A,B were 0.7,0.28,0.02,and 0.84,0.16,respectively.Sequence analysis showed that a transversion of C→A at 299 nt resulted in loss of the cleaved site of restriction endonuclease HaeIII and produced this polymorphism.This polymorphic locus of IGFBP3 gene was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05).The genotypes of AA,AB,BB slightly affected several slaughter and carcass traits of Qinchuan cattle.Dressing percentage,net meat percentage,striplion percentage,tenderloin percentage,ribeye percentage and tender shoulder percentage were decreased with the genotypes of AA,AB and BB in Qinchuan cattle,but it was not significant (P＞0.05).Average ribeye area in individuals of AA genotype was significantly higher than that in individuals of BB genotype (P＜0.05),and beef fat content in individuals of genotype AB and BB was significantly higher than that in individuals of AA genotype (P＜0.01).     

犬MC1R基因T105A基因座多态性及 与毛色性状相关性的研究The

为了检测犬MC1R基因T105A基因座的多态性,并分析该多态性与犬毛色表型的相关性,抽取111只外科手术学实验用杂种犬血液并提取DNA,记录毛色表型。采用PCR-RFLP技术,对MC1R基因T105A基因座进行基因多态性分析,并对该基因座DNA进行克隆测序;用二元变量相关分析的统计学方法分析基因座多态性与毛色性状之间的相关性。经PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,T105A基因座序列具有多态性,表现为A、B二个等位基因和AA、AB及BB 3种基因型。A、B等位基因频率分别为72.97%和27.03%,基因杂合度（H）为0.39。基因型AA频率为55.86%,BB为9.91%,AB为34.23%。对T105A多态性片段DNA克隆测序后发现,MC1R基因在编码第105位氨基酸的密码子第一个碱基存在由G到A的单碱基突变,该突变导致第105位氨基酸发生由丙氨酸向苏氨酸的改变。统计分析结果表明MC1R基因T105A基因座的多态性与毛色性状不存在显著的相关性,这可能是由于外科手术学实验用犬是杂种犬,其遗传背景不同所致,尚须在纯种犬群体中进一步研究MC1R基因对毛色的影响。 Abstract: In order to detect the polymorphism of T105A in MC1R gene in dogs and to analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes of dog coat color, the blood samples of 111 cross-breed dogs were taken and their genomic DNAs were extracted. The phenotypes of dog coat color were recorded. The T105A locus of MC1R gene in the canine was detected through the technology of PCR-RFLP. Furthermore, the polymorphic fragments at T105A were sequenced. The relationships between the polymorphism of T105A and coat color trait were analyzed by the statistical methods of bivarate correlation analysis. By the method of PCR-RFLP, the T105A polymorphism was found with two alleles A and B and three genotypes AA, AB and BB. The frequencies of two alleles were 72.97% and 27.03%, respectively. The heterozygosity of T105A locus was 0.39. The frequencies of three genotypes were 55.86%, 34.23% and 9.91%, respectively. According to the results of sequencing, one base change from G to A at the position 105 was found at T105A locus and it altered amino acid at the position 105 from alanine to threonine. According to the statistical analysis, no significant association between the polymorphism of MC1R gene and the coat color was found and the result may be due to the differences of genetic background. Further research on MC1R gene should be done in pure breed dogs.     

中国成都地区汉族人群DHFRP2位点的遗传多态性研究

用扩增片断长度多态性技术分析短串联重复序列（STR）DHFRP2位点的DNA多态性, 在156个中国成都地区汉族无关个体中发现6个等位基因,19种基因型,并首次发现一重复单元数不是4的整数倍的等位基因,该等位基因按孟德尔遗传规律遗传。观察的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg定律,其个人鉴别力（DP）为0.87,杂合度为67.3%,多态性信息量（PIC）为0.68,非父排除率（CE）为45.5%,家系分析结果表明, 该位点符合孟德尔遗传法则。 Abstract：　Analyzes polymorphism of short tandem repeat locus (DHFRP2) by using Amp-FLP. Six alleles and nineteen genotypes were observed in 156 unrelated individuals of Chinese Hans in Chengdu. Meanwhile, we first discovered a new allele, its repeat monomers is not integral times of four, which is in conformity with Mendelian inheritance. The allelic discriminating power (DP), observed heterozygocity (h), polymorphism information content (PIC) and chances of paternity exclusion (CE) are 0.87, 67.3%, 0.68 and 45.5% respectively. The distribution of its genotypes tally with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and family study manifested that the locus is in conformity with medelian inheritance.     

中华稻蝗四个种群的遗传分化

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)四个种群的12个基因座位,探讨其遗传分化.这四个种群分别采自内蒙古呼和浩特、山西代县、山西太原和陕西西安.Ck和Mdh-2在四个种群中均为单态,其余的基因座位至少在一个种群内有两个以上的等位基因;在Ldh和Mdh-1的等位基因频率呈现梯度分布趋势.多态基因座位百分率(P)和平均每个基因座位的等位基因数目(A)分别为58.3%-66.7%和2.2-2.8,平均杂合度为Ho=0.173-0.240.除Gpi,Hk-2,Idh,Ldh和Mdh-1在部分蝗虫种群符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡外,其余绝大多数基因座位的基因型频率显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡.四个种群间FST平均值不存在显著差异(FST=0.0510,P＞0.05),结合高的Nei's遗传一致度(I＞0.97)可知,种群之间遗传分化不明显.我们认为人类的农业活动可能促进了种群间的基因交流,从而降低了分化程度[动物学报50(2)187-192,2004].     

Genetics and polymorphism of a duplicated malate dehydrogenase (MDH) locus in the grasshopperOxya japonica japonica (Orthoptera:Acrididae:Oxyinae)

A biochemical genetic study of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was conducted in the grasshopperOxya j. japonica. Analysis of MDH electrophoretic variation in this species of grasshopper shows that one of the two autosomal loci for MDH in grasshoppers, the Mdh-2 locus, controlling the anodal set of MDH isozymes, is duplicated. Results of breeding studies confirm this and the observed polymorphism at theMdh-2 locus in the two populations ofOxya j. japonica studied can be attributed to three forms of linked alleles at the duplicated locus in equilibrium in both populations. In this respect, all individuals of this species possess heterozygous allelic combinations at the duplicatedMdh-2 locus, which may account for the spread of the duplicated locus in the populations of this species of grasshopper.This research was supported by a grant (Vote F) from the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.     

蝗总科部分种类等位基因酶的比较研究

用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对采自山西太原黄陵、山西临猗伍姓湖及山西雁门关两科4种蝗虫的4个等位基因酶位点的基因频率进行了比较研究,并用BIOSYS-Ⅱ软件进行结果分析。结果表明：所研究种群的苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）都存在两个位点,中华稻蝗的MDH-1还存在两条亚带。在所研究种群中的MDH-1图谱中,一个中等迁移率的谱带存在于所研究的4个种群中。东亚飞蝗在乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和苹果酸酶（ME）中存在两个固定的等位基因,同时黄胫小车蝗在MDH-1中存在一个固定的等位基因,在MDH-2中存在一个独特的等位基因。在所有4个种群中,中华稻蝗遗传多样性水平最高（每个位点的等位基因数为3个,He=0.220）,黄胫小车蝗遗传多样性水平最低（每个位点的等位基因数为1.5个,He=0.013）。除中华稻蝗的MDH-1和LDH处于哈代-温伯格平衡,其余种群的4个位点的等位基因频率均不同程度的偏离哈代-温伯格平衡。等位酶数据表明这4个种群在系统发育关系方面是相近的,但在遗传多样性水平上却不同。     

Comparisons of malathion susceptibility, target sensitivity, and detoxification enzyme activity in nine field populations of Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The malathion susceptibility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensitivity, and the activity of selected detoxification enzymes including general esterase (EST) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were compared among field populations of the grasshopper Oxya chinensis (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) collected from nine regions of China. Bioassay results showed that these populations had various levels of the susceptibility to malathion with the LDo values ranging from 1.4- to 22.6-fold compared with the most susceptible population (Xiangyuan or XY). The Jinnan (JN) population seemed to be malathion resistant (22.6-fold), whereas other populations exhibited 1.4- to 6.8-fold reduced malathion susceptibility with a rank order of Changan > Baodi > Hanzhong > Xinxiang > Yinchuan > Beidagang > Jinyuan. It seemed that the observed malathion resistance in the JN population was attributed to at least two resistance mechanisms, including increased EST activity (2.2-fold) and reduced sensitivity of AChE to inhibition by malaoxon (4.6-fold) compared with those of the XY population. In contrast, differential malathion susceptibilities in other populations may be due to increased activities of certain detoxification enzymes (e.g., EST and GST), reduced sensitivity of AChE, or other factors, which were not consistent across the populations examined. Such differential susceptibilities to malathion were likely due to different population habitats (e.g., grasslands, rice [Oryza sativa L.]-producing regions) with very different insecticide application histories and pest management practices.     

Major morphological effects of a regulatory gene: Pgm1-t in rainbow trout

We have investigated the morphological effects of a genetic locus, Pgm1- t, that affects the expression of a phosphoglucomutase locus (Pgm1) in liver of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). We have previously shown that embryos with liver Pgm1 expression hatch earlier than those without liver Pgm1 expression. We predicted that this difference in developmental rate should cause a reduction in meristic counts in the more rapidly developing fish with liver Pgm1 expression. Eight meristic (countable) characters in nine full-sib groups segregating for the presence or absence of liver Pgm1 expression are in agreement with this prediction. In eight of the nine families, there is a significant difference in the multivariate distribution of the eight meristic counts between full sibs with and without liver Pgm1 expression. This separation in multivariate space is based on a tendency for lower meristic counts in fish with liver Pgm1 expression. The magnitude of these morphological differences is similar to that between two subspecies of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) that show substantial genetic divergence at structural loci encoding enzymes (Nei's D = 0.34). These data support the view that small changes in the developmental process caused by genetic differences at regulatory genes can have large effects on morphology.      

中华稻蝗不同地理种群杂交子代的滞育率

为弄清中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis Thunberg卵滞育的遗传特征,调查中华稻蝗济宁、泗洪及株洲3个地理种群卵滞育的地理变异及亲本对杂交子代滞育的影响。结果表明:南方的株洲种群仅部分卵进入滞育,滞育率较低,而纬度较高的济宁、泗洪种群的卵滞育率达100%。说明不同地理种群的中华稻蝗卵滞育率存在着地理变异。将完全滞育的济宁、泗洪种群与滞育率较低的株洲种群的雌雄成虫进行正反杂交,济宁与株洲种群、泗洪与株洲种群的子代均有部分卵为非滞育卵,与株洲种群的滞育特征相似。但不管是以株洲种群为父本,还是为母本,杂交子代的滞育率均显著高于株洲种群,而与完全滞育的济宁、泗洪种群更为接近,说明中华稻蝗卵滞育的发生受雌雄基因的共同作用,但滞育程度与滞育率高的亲本的关联性更大。     

中华稻蝗不同地理种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析

为研究中华稻蝗种群遗传多样性和遗传结构, 文章对我国7省市的7个中华稻蝗种群进行AFLP分析。选取7对引物扩增128个个体, 共产生336条带, 多态性条带292条, 占86.90%。结果表明: 中华稻蝗种群具有较高的遗传多样性水平, 其中海南万宁种群的遗传多样性高于其他各种群。Mantel检验(r=0.27, P=0.89)表明中华稻蝗各种群遗传距离与地理距离间没有显著相关性。种群间具有明显的遗传分化现象。UPGMA(Unweighted pair group method average)聚类分析显示, 7个中华稻蝗种群按地理距离分为3支: 北方北京昌平、山西太原和山东济宁为一支; 南方陕西汉中、湖南长沙和广西来宾为一支; 海南万宁单独为一支。上述结果以及PCA(Principal component analysis)分析均表明由于地理隔离中华稻蝗种群显示出明显的南北分化和岛屿大陆种群遗传分化现象。     

山稻蝗及相关物种Cyt b基因序列及其遗传关系

中国7个不同地理区域的山稻蝗Oxya agavisa共16个个体的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因中间部分序列被测定,分析和比较,同时与小稻蝗O.inricata,日本稻蝗O.japonica和中华稻蝗O.chinensis相应序列进行比较,用瘤锥蝗科的曲尾似橄蝗Pseudomorphacris hollisi和蚱科的日本蚱Tetrix japonica作外群,构建了山稻蝗不同单倍型及其相关物种的NJ分子系统树。在获得的山稻蝗432bp的序列中,A＋T约占71．0％,其中9个核苷酸位点存在变异（约占所测核苷酸的2．08％）,但权有1个位点引起了氨基酸的变异,就每个氨基酸密码子来看,第三位点的A＋T含量较,达88．3％。分子系统树显示,山稻蝗6个单倍型聚为一个簇,彼此之间有一定的分歧,其分枝与地理分布没有直接的关系;该种与日本稻蝗关系较近,与中华稻蝗和小稻蝗相对较远。并对此进行了讨论。