群体遗传不平衡条件下的结构基因遗传共适应特性

本研究以柴达木山羊、柴达木绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊三个群体共147只山羊为材料,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术检测了5种血液蛋白质（酶）基因座的遗传多态性,并进行了结构基因遗传共适应的研究,结果发现：45个基因座组合中有10个基因座组合处于遗传不平衡状态,并且这些遗传不平衡皆单纯由遗传共适应差异造成;除辽宁绒山羊Tf-PA-3组合的遗传不平衡包含非等位基因间的遗传共适应差异外,其他基因座组合的遗传不平衡皆由等位基因间的共适应差异,即单基因座的遗传不平衡造成;LAP-EsD组合的共适应差异在群体间有遗传传递现象。 Abstract:With the technology of PAGE,the genetic polymorphism of blood protein and enzyme was investigated,and genetic co-adaptability among structural genes was studied in three goat populations(147 goats) including Chaidamu goat(CS),Chaidamu Cashmere goat(CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat(LRS) in Qinghai Province,China.The results were showed that the genetic disequilibrium of 10 locus combinations was found among 45 locus combinations in the three goat populations,and these genetic disequilibria were caused only by the difference of genetic co-adaptability among genes,because there didn′t exist the linkage disequilibrium among non-allelic genes.The genetic disequilibrium including the difference of genetic co-adaptability between non-allelic genes was only found at Tf-PA-3 locus combinations in LRS population,the other ones were all caused by the genetic disequilibrium at a single locus.The difference of genetic co-adaptability of LAP-EsD locus combinations could be messaged among different populations.     

柴达木山羊群体遗传结构及系统地位的研究

采用简单随机抽样法对柴达木山羊群体进行了遗传检测,从毛色、外型特征、体尺、血液蛋白与DNA多态性等5个方面进行了群体遗传结构分析,并探索了其系统地位。结果表明：(1)毛色和形态特征的平均表型异质度分别为0.3419、0.5207;(2)血液蛋白在6个基因座上具有多态性,平均基因座杂合度为0.2584;(3)DNA-RAPD标记表现丰富的多样性,基因多样度为0.4085～0.5318。通过对柴达木山羊与其他国内山羊的系统聚类,初步探索了该山羊群体的形成及所属,这些都表明柴达木山羊是一个比较古老的未经较高强度选育的地方山羊品种,其基因资源是我国山羊遗传资源中宝贵的一部分。Abstract: Genetic structure and character of Chaidamu Goats were studied through simple random sampling. Genetic structure was analysed from five aspects, and phylogeny status was also investigated. The results indicated that: (1) the average phenotypic heterogeneity degree of coat color and morphological character were 0.3419 and 0.5207,respectively; (2) polymorphous blood albumen existed in 6 loci and the average loci heterozygosity was 0.2584; and (3) polymorphism existed in marked genes by DND-RAPD with diversity of 0.4085～0.5318. Phylogeny status was investigated through clustering by Ward’s method on Chaidamu Goats and other domestic goats. All these indicated that Chaidamu Goats was a domestic goat with less intensively selected breed.     

山羊经济性状标记辅助选择的遗传效应分析

本研究以辽宁绒山羊、柴达木绒山羊和柴达木山羊3个群体共147只山羊为研究对象,运用PAGE和RAPD技术对山羊的体重、绒产量和绒细度3个性状进行了与标记基因关系的遗传分析,结果表明：EsD2-2型、LAPBB型和PA-32-2型分别为体重、绒产量和绒细度性状的优势标记基因型;可利用标记辅助预测的方法充分利用多基因座标记基因间的互作效应;在体重上,寻找到有显著选择效应的RAPD条带11个,在绒产量和绒细度上分别为9和6个;在多目标性状选择中,CY0818/A0型和OPW19/C1型为体重和绒产量的双重优势RAPD标记,CY0818/G1型为体重和绒细度的双重优势RAPD标记。Abstract: The genetic relationships between economic traits and genetic markers were studied in 147 goats including Chaidamu goat (CS), Chaidamu Cashmere goat (CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat (LRS) in Qinghai province, China. CRS was the population of CS×LRS crossbred. The results showed as follows: the selection reaction of these blood protein polymorphisic loci were great, such as EsD, LAP and PA-3; and EsD2-2, LAPBB and PA-32-2 were the superior marker genotypes on body weight ,Cashmere yield and Cashmere fineness respectively by Least Square method. The interaction between marker genotypes at double loci was found frequently, and their ratio between interaction variance component and genetic variance was higher. With the method of marker assisted prediction( MAP), some interaction effect could be used effectively in the crossbreed population. On the aspect of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), the number of the superior RAPD marker bands were 11 on body weight trait, 9 and 6 RAPD marker bands on Cashmere yield and Cashmere fineness. For multi-goal traits, CY0818/A0 type and OPW19/C1 type were superior RAPD markers of body weight and Cashmere yield, CY0818/G1 type was superior one of body weight and Cashmere fineness.     

山羊经济性状标记辅助选择的遗传效应分析 Genetic Effect of the Marker Assisted Selection on Economic Traits of Goats

本研究以辽宁绒山羊、柴达木绒山羊和柴达木山羊3个群体共147只山羊为研究对象，运用PAGE和RAPD技术对山羊的体重、绒产量和绒细度3个性状进行了与标记基因关系的遗传分析，结果表明：EsD2-2型、LAPBB型和PA-32-2型分别为体重、绒产量和绒细度性状的优势标记基因型；可利用标记辅助预测的方法充分利用多基因座标记基因间的互作效应；在体重上，寻找到有显著选择效应的RAPD条带11个，在绒产量和绒细度上分别为9和6个；在多目标性状选择中，CY0818/A0型和OPW19/C1型为体重和绒产量的双重优势RAPD标记，CY0818/G1型为体重和绒细度的双重优势RAPD标记。Abstract: The genetic relationships between economic traits and genetic markers were studied in 147 goats including Chaidamu goat (CS), Chaidamu Cashmere goat (CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat (LRS) in Qinghai province, China. CRS was the population of CS×LRS crossbred. The results showed as follows: the selection reaction of these blood protein polymorphisic loci were great, such as EsD, LAP and PA-3; and EsD2-2, LAPBB and PA-32-2 were the superior marker genotypes on body weight ,Cashmere yield and Cashmere fineness respectively by Least Square method. The interaction between marker genotypes at double loci was found frequently, and their ratio between interaction variance component and genetic variance was higher. With the method of marker assisted prediction( MAP), some interaction effect could be used effectively in the crossbreed population. On the aspect of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), the number of the superior RAPD marker bands were 11 on body weight trait, 9 and 6 RAPD marker bands on Cashmere yield and Cashmere fineness. For multi-goal traits, CY0818/A0 type and OPW19/C1 type were superior RAPD markers of body weight and Cashmere yield, CY0818/G1 type was superior one of body weight and Cashmere fineness.     

猩红快绿法分染性染色质的初步效果

自1948年Bar：等人在猫的神经细胞核 中发现性染色质之后,许多学者先后对哺乳动 物的性染色质进行了大量的研究,发现性染 色质与性别以及X染色体数目有着密切的关 系[1-31,从而在人类医学中广泛应用染色质鉴 定技术。1960年Ohno等人报道,雌性小白鼠 的乳腺癌细胞及卵巢、乳腺和肝的正常二倍体 细胞都有一条染色体固缩,这条染色体就是X 染色体,它在异固缩后形成了所谓的性染色质 (X染色质）[6]。此后又用性染色质来研究异染 色质性质和染色体调控机理［[41。国内已应用性 染色质进行胎儿性别诊断、性畸形问题及性染 色体发育规律的研究旧。我们在研究萨能奶山 羊性染色质时发现使用的几种染色技术,在检 查性染色质上有分辨困难、检出率不高等缺点, 并且这些染色法不能把角化细胞与退化变性细 胞标记出来,特别是对不贴核膜的性染色质更 是难以分辨。因此,我们查阅了国内外有关性 染色质的染色技术资料,发现Cuard的猩红快 绿分染法具有强分辨能力,经我们初步试验也 取得了可喜的效果。     

柴达木山羊群体遗传结构及系统地位的研究

采用简单随机抽样法对柴达木山羊群体进行了遗传检测,从毛色、外型特征、体尺、血液蛋白与DNA多态性等5个方面进行了群体遗传结构分析,并探索了其系统地位.结果表明:(1)毛色和形态特征的平均表型异质度分别为0.3419、0.5207;(2)血液蛋白在6个基因座上具有多态性,平均基因座杂合度为0.2584;(3)DNA-RAPD标记表现丰富的多样性,基因多样度为0.4085～0.5318.通过对柴达木山羊与国内其他山羊的系统聚类,初步探索了该山羊群体的形成及所属,这些都表明柴达木山羊是一个比较古老的未经较高强度选育的地方山羊品种,其基因资源是我国山羊遗传资源中宝贵的一部分.