蝗总科部分种类等位基因酶的比较研究

用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对采自山西太原黄陵、山西临猗伍姓湖及山西雁门关两科4种蝗虫的4个等位基因酶位点的基因频率进行了比较研究，并用BIOSYS-Ⅱ软件进行结果分析。结果表明：所研究种群的苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）都存在两个位点，中华稻蝗的MDH-1还存在两条亚带。在所研究种群中的MDH-1图谱中，一个中等迁移率的谱带存在于所研究的4个种群中。东亚飞蝗在乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和苹果酸酶（ME）中存在两个固定的等位基因，同时黄胫小车蝗在MDH-1中存在一个固定的等位基因，在MDH-2中存在一个独特的等位基因。在所有4个种群中，中华稻蝗遗传多样性水平最高（每个位点的等位基因数为3个，He=0.220），黄胫小车蝗遗传多样性水平最低（每个位点的等位基因数为1.5个,He=0.013）。除中华稻蝗的MDH-1和LDH处于哈代-温伯格平衡，其余种群的4个位点的等位基因频率均不同程度的偏离哈代-温伯格平衡。等位酶数据表明这4个种群在系统发育关系方面是相近的，但在遗传多样性水平上却不同。

Comparative Allozyme Analysis of Severel Grasshopper Species

The allele frequency of four allozyme loci in four grasshopper species from two families of Catantopidae and Oedipodidae was examined using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The zymograms show that all four species have two loci in malate dehydrogenase (MDH). At MDH-1 one moderately migrated allele is shared and dominant in all four species. Locusta migratoria manilensi has two allele fixations in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malic enzyme (ME); while Gastrimargus saussure has a fixed allele at MDH-1 and a unique fixation at MDH-2. The overall genetic variance was the highest in Oxya chinensis (Allele per locus=3.0; He =0.22), but the lowest in L. migratoria manilens (Allele per locus=1.5; He =0.013). Allozyme data suggests the four species are close in phylogenetic relationship, but differentiated in genetic variation levels.