根癌农杆菌介导法获得烟草转人骨形成蛋白—3成熟肽基因植株

利用冻融法将质粒pCAMBIA-hBMP-3m直接转入根癌农杆菌LBA4404,以烟草无菌苗叶盘为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,获得了在含25mg/L潮霉素（Hy-gromycin,Hyg）的筛选培养基上再生的抗性植株,经PCR检测呈阳性,初步鉴定并筛选整合了人骨形成蛋白－3成熟肽基因的转基因植株。     

根癌农杆菌介导的乙肝表面抗原基因对烟草的转化

构建了植物表达载体pBRSAg,该载体具有完整的植物表达元件,CaMV35S启动子、农杆菌T-DNA左右边界、植物报告基因gus和植物选择标记基因hpt,适用于农杆菌的转化;通过冻融法将重组质粒pBRSAg转入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草叶盘,经筛选培养获得烟草植株。抗性植株经GUS染色和PCR检测为阳性,初步表明乙肝表面抗原基因在烟草中得到表达。     

转天麻抗真菌蛋白GAFP基因烟草的获得及离体抑菌活性检测

通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)介导,采用叶盘法将天麻(GastrodiaelataBl.)抗真菌蛋白基因GAFP转入烟草(NicotianatabacumL.),PCR和Southern blotting分析证明已将GAFP基因整合进烟草植株。体外抑菌实验表明GAFP转基因的烟草植株对真菌瑞氏木霉(Trichodermareesei)表现出一定的抑菌活性。     

利用烟草表达人源性胰岛素样生长因子1

构建了由花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子引导人源性胰岛素样生长因子1基因(igf-1)的表达载体pCAM-BIA1301-35S promoter-igf-1-nos,并利用根癌农杆菌LAB4404介导,将其导入烟草。经潮霉素抗性筛选、GUS检测和PCR鉴定,获得17棵转基因植株。RT-PCR分析结果显示,igf-1能够在转基因烟草中正常转录。本试验为利用烟草以及其他双子叶植物高效表达便于分离纯化的IGF-1药用蛋白研究奠定了重要的基础。     

人骨形成蛋白-7成熟肽基因在巴斯德毕氏酵母中的分泌表达

目的:利用甲醇酵母表达系统,构建重组人骨形成蛋白-7(rhBMP-7)成熟肽的基因工程菌,并实现其分泌表达。方法:采用PCR方法,依据GenBank数据库中hBMP-7成熟肽序列(AccessionNo.NM_001719)设计并合成一对引物,从已构建的含hBMP-7的克隆载体中扩增获得人骨形成蛋白-7成熟肽基因片段,并以pPIC9K为表达载体构建重组表达质粒,电转化巴斯德毕氏酵母SMD1168,于30℃进行甲醇诱导分泌表达,经筛选获得rhBMP-7成熟肽表达株,并进行了表达产物的活性测定。结果:表达产物存在于培养上清中,约占分泌蛋白总量的8%。经Western印迹分析可以检测到重组表达产物,ELISA检测其具有特异性结合活性。结论:构建了重组人骨形成蛋白-7成熟肽的基因工程菌并在甲醇酵母中实现了分泌表达,为进一步的活性及功能研究奠定了基础。     

人成骨蛋白成熟肽基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆及其序列分析

采用PCR方法,根据献报道的人成骨蛋白-1（OP-1）成熟肽基因序列,设计并合一对引物,从含人成骨蛋白基因的质粒中扩增获得大小的420bp的DNA片段,连接到pGEM-T载体进行测序,证明获得人成骨蛋白成熟肽基因片段,继之以pPIC3.5k为表达载体构建重组表达质粒,并经PCR及酶切鉴定。     

霍乱毒素B亚单位基因分泌型表达载体的构建及转化烟草的研究

为了探索利用植物分泌特性来表达重组蛋白的可行性,先构建了含钙网蛋白信号肽的植物双元载体pBIcal,再向该载体中插入霍乱毒素B亚单位编码基因,最后得到表达载体pBIcal—ctb。通过根癌农杆菌介导,该表达载体转化烟草,在卡那霉素抗性培养基上筛选,得到30棵抗性植株。经PCR鉴定,霍乱毒素B亚单位基因已经整合到烟草基因组中。初步表达分析表明,转基因烟草中含有具生物活性的霍乱毒素B亚单位蛋白。     

几丁质酶基因表达载体构建及转化烟草的研究

构建了一个含有多个调控序列的带有几丁质酶基因的植物表达载体,通过发根农杆菌的Ri质粒介导转化烟草的三个品种：K326,RG11,VA116,在卡那霉素抗性培养基上筛选,获得了7株再生植株,以PCR检测、DNA斑点杂交证明表达载体构建成功,几丁质酶基因导入烟草并整合到烟草基因组中。     

Vip3a基因植物表达载体的构建及其对烟草的遗传转化

为了研究Vip3A基因在转基因抗虫植物中的应用,利用PCR技术克隆了苏云金芽孢杆菌的Vip3A基因和烟草的EF1α启动子,以pB1121质粒为基本载体,构建了分别由组成型CaMV35S启动子和花特异表达的EF1α启动子驱动Vip3A基因的植物表达载体pBIVip3A和pBIEFVip3A,并通过农杆菌介导的方法对烟草进行了遗传转化。经PCR检测,外源基因已整合到烟草基因组中。     

高效烟草遗传转化体系的建立及甜蛋白基因的导入

以烟草无菌茁叶片为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌LBA4404介导法,将Thamnatin基因导人烟草中,经梯度卡那霉素(Kana-mycin,Km)筛选,获得可在含75mg／L、100mg／L Km选择生根培养基上再生的抗性植株,其中部分Km抗性植株经PCR检测为阳性,转化率为31．3％,初步鉴定已成功地建立了烟草遗传转化系统,为进一步探讨甜蛋白在植物中的转化和表达情况奠定基础。     

Binding of isolated 3T3 surface membranes to growing 3T3 cells and their effect on cell growth

We have quantitated by autoradiography the binding of [¹²⁵I]labeled 3T3 plasma membrane fragments to 3T3 cells growing on the surface of plastic dishes; ie, the same conditions in which these membranes specifically arrest the growth of 3T3 cells early in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle. We have been able to demonstrate that binding of membranes to cells is coincidental with the expression of the growth inhibitory activity of protein(s) present in the membrane fragments. Treatments that reduce binding (heat denaturation of the membranes or culture in the presence of high scrum) also reduce growth inhibitory activity. [¹²⁵I]labeled membranes bound to cells are located primarily on the cell surface (as determined by electron microscope autoradiography) and are exchangeable with unlabeled membranes. We conclude that binding of membranes to cells is necessary but may not be sufficient for the expression of the growth inhibitory activity of these membranes. This approach provides information not only on the average level of binding of membranes to cells, but also provides a quantitative assessment of the variation of the level of membrane to cell binding between different cells in the population.     

Accurate quantification of basal plasma levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosinoalbumin by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Measurement of 3-nitro-L-tyrosine (NO(2)Tyr) and protein-related 3-nitro-L-tyrosine in human plasma is associated with numerous methodological problems which result in highly divergent basal plasma levels often ranging within two orders of magnitude. Recently, we have described an interference-free GC-tandem MS-based method for NO(2)Tyr which yielded the lowest basal plasma NO(2)Tyr levels reported thus far. This method was extended to quantify protein-associated 3-nitrotyrosine and in particular 3-nitrotyrosinated albumin (NO(2)TyrALB) in human plasma. NO(2)TyrALB and albumin (ALB) were extracted from plasma by affinity column extraction and digested enzymatically at neutral pH. 3-Nitro- L-[2H(3)]tyrosine was used as internal standard. In plasma of 18 healthy young volunteers the molar ratio of NO(2)TyrALB to albumin-derived tyrosine (TyrALB), i.e. NO(2)TyrALB/TyrALB, was determined to be 1.55+/-0.54x1:10(6) (mean+/-SD). The plasma concentration of NO(2)TyrALB was estimated as 24+/-4 nM. The NO(2)Tyr plasma levels in these volunteers were determined to be 0.73+/-0.53 nM. In the same volunteers, NO(2)TyrALB/TyrALB, NO(2)TyrALB and NO(2)Tyr were measured 15 days later and the corresponding values were determined to be 1.25+/-0.58x1:10(6), 25+/-6 nM and 0.69+/-0.16 nM. For comparison, NO(2)Tyr and NO(2)TyrALB were measured in six plasma samples from healthy volunteers by GC-MS and GC-tandem MS. Different values were found for NO(2)Tyr, i.e. 5.4+/-2.8 versus 2.7+/-1.5 nM, and comparable values for NO(2)TyrALB/TyrALB, i.e. 0.5+/-0.2x1:10(6) versus 0.4+/-0.1x1:10(6), by these methods. The ratio of the values measured by GC-MS to those measured by GC-tandem MS were 2.9+/-3.1 for NO(2)Tyr and 1.2+/-0.2 for NO(2)TyrALB/TyrALB. The present GC-tandem MS method provides accurate values of NO(2)Tyr and NO(2)TyrALB in human plasma.     

小鼠前脂肪细胞中AP-2α相互作用蛋白质的分离和鉴定

转录因子AP-2是一个功能重要的基因家族,AP-2α,在协同调控脂肪细胞分化成熟,以及脂肪因子分泌的过程中发挥重要作用.为了阐明其协同调控的机制,本文采用anti-AP-2α抗体免疫共沉淀技术,从小鼠前脂肪细胞313-L1中分离AP-2α相互作用蛋白,然后用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱结合数据库查询鉴定AP-2a...     

Strain differences in the induction of soluble and microsomal enzymes by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene

The ability of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) to induce liver microsomal and soluble enzymes was compared in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats. 3MC increased the V for the aniline hydroxylase and stimulated the formation of the hemoprotein P₄₄₈ to a similar extent in the 2 strains of rats. On the other hand phenobarbital increased the V for the microsomal enzyme aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase and enhanced the activity of the soluble enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase only in Sprague-Dawley rats. It induced a more marked increase of cytochrome P₄₅₀ in the Sprague-Dawley than in the Long-Evans strain.     

鼠源成纤维细胞生长因子-21对脂肪细胞糖代谢的作用

成纤维细胞生长因子-21(FGF-21)是FGF家族的成员之一．近年发现FGF-21是一种新的代谢调节因子．从小鼠肝脏克隆FGF-21 cDNA,经测序正确后亚克隆至具有羟胺切割位点的小泛素相关修饰物表达载体上,转化宿主菌Rosetta,得到的转化子经IPTG诱导后获得稳定、高效、可溶的表达产物．表达产物经羟胺切割、透析、复性、柱层析纯化后,在每升宿主菌中可获得4 mg纯度为95%的成熟鼠源FGF-21蛋白,利用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶(POD-GOD)法在小鼠3T3-L1脂肪细胞中进行生物学活性检测．结果表明,鼠源FGF-21具有促进脂肪细胞吸收葡萄糖的作用,短期作用(1 h)与胰岛素相似,长期作用(8和12 h)明显优于胰岛素．这一结果为以鼠源FGF-21为模型进一步研究FGF-21的生物学活性及其在糖代谢方面的作用机理奠定了基础．     

中间纤维与细胞信号通路的研究进展

中间纤维家族由约70个中间纤维蛋白组成,在真核细胞内组成横跨核膜和胞质的网状骨架.中间纤维最初仅仅被当做是细胞骨架的一种,主要起机械支撑作用.这个观点正发生快速的改变,因为越来越多的研究发现中间纤维蛋白参与各种主要的细胞信号通路,如细胞应激、细胞凋亡和14-3-3信号通路等.     

Differential expression and accumulation of 14-3-3 paralogs in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated cells

The 14-3-3 protein family interacts with more than 2000 different proteins in mammals, as a result of its specific phospho-serine/phospho-threonine binding activity. Seven paralogs are strictly conserved in mammalian species. Here, we show that during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the level of each 14-3-3 protein paralog is regulated independently. For instance 14-3-3β, γ, and η protein levels are increased compared to untreated cells. In contrast, 14-3-3ε protein levels decreased after differentiation while others remained constant. In silico analysis of the promoter region of each gene showed differences that explain the results obtained at mRNA and protein levels.     

AFM对3T3-L1前脂细胞及其骨架的可视化研究

目的:为脂肪细胞分化提供数据,加深对3T3-L1细胞分化机制的了解.方法:应用AFM对3T3-L1前脂细胞的形貌、超微结构、机械性能和细胞骨架进行了可视化研究.结果:3T3-L1细胞舒展,伪足丰富,膜表面有大小不一的斑块和突起.通过统计分析得出3T3-L1细胞的高低差,均方根粗糙度、平均粗糙度和平均高度分别为622.3nm、77.34nm、55.80nm、393.1nm;AFM针尖与细胞膜表面的相对粘弹力为95.10±19.41pN,平均硬度为2.36±0.39mN/m,杨氏模量为4.85±0.99kPa.AFM对3T3-L1细胞骨架成像,观察到骨架南排列整齐的大纤维束和细小的微纤维以及颗粒状蛋白组成,形成网络结构.结论:细胞形貌结合细胞的机械性能可知3T3-L1细胞生长状态良好,细胞的移动迁移能力强.     

铜锤玉带草三萜酯化学成分分析

脂肪酸广泛分布于自然界各种生物之间,但是脂肪酸与多萜类化合物,尤其是三萜类化合物,结合形成多萜酯,极为少见。我们自云南民间中草药铜锤玉带草中分离得到3个高级脂肪酸三萜酯;其中2个经鉴定为:棕榈酸-β-香树酯,珠光脂酸-β-香树酯,并运用化学和光谱学的方法对他们的化学结构进行了解析。