大鼠酪氨酸羟化酶基因在肌母细胞中稳定表达

用电穿孔法将大鼠酪氨酸羟化酶（Ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌａｓｅ,ＴＨ）基因转染大鼠Ｌ－６ＴＧ成肌细胞株,经ＰＣＲ检测、免疫组织化学和荧光组织化学检测证明,ＴＨ基因能在细胞内稳定整合和表达,并在辅因子存在时将酪氨酸转化为多巴．移植于大鼠纹状体后可成活并表达ＴＨ。     

大鼠酷氨酸羟化酶基因在肌母细胞中稳定表达

用电穿孔法将大鼠酷氨酸羟化酶（Ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅ ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌａｓｅ,ＴＨ）基因转染大鼠Ｌ６ＴＧ成肌细胞株,经ＰＣＲ检测、免疫组织化学和荧光组织化学检测证明,ＴＨ基因能在细胞内稳定整合和表达,并在辅因子存在时将酷氨酸转化为多巴,移植于大鼠纹状体后可成活并表达ＴＨ。     

大鼠延髓至下丘脑腹内侧核的儿茶酚胺能投射神经元在胃伤害性刺激后的Fos表达

本实验用ＨＲＰ注入下丘脑腹内侧核结合逆行追踪与抗ＦＯＳ蛋白和抗酪氨酸羟化酶（ＴＨ）抗血清双重免疫细胞化学相结合的三重标记方法,对大鼠孤束核和延髓腹外侧区至下丘脑腹内侧核的儿茶酚胺能投射神经元在胃伤害性刺激后的ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达进行了观察。本文发现孤束核和延髓腹外侧区有七种不同的标记细胞：ＨＲＰ、Ｆｏｓ、ＴＨ单标细胞Ｆｏｓ／ＨＲＰ、Ｆｏｓ／ＴＨ、ＨＲＰ／ＴＨ双标细胞和Ｆｏｓ／ＨＲＰ／ＴＨ三标细胞。上述七种标记细胞主要分布在延髓中段和尾段孤束核的内侧亚核和延髓腹外侧区以及两者之间的网状结构。ＨＲＰ标记细胞以注射侧为主,对侧有少量分布。本文结果证明,大鼠孤束核、延髓腹外侧区和网状结构内儿茶酚胺能神经元有些至下丘脑腹内侧核的投射,其中一部分儿茶酚胺能神经元参与了胃伤害性刺激的传导和调控。     

α—氯代醇对雄性大鼠的不育效果研究

α氯代醇对雄性大鼠的不育效果研究ＴＨＥＳＴＥＲＩＬＥＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＡＬＰＨＡＣＨＬＯＲＯＨＹＤＲＩＮＯＮＭＡＬＥＲＡＴＳ关键词α氯代醇不育剂大鼠ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＡｌｐｈａｃｈｌｏｒｏｈｙｄｒｉｎ,Ｓｔｅｒｉｌａｎｔ,Ｒａｔ采取灌胃法和隔一...     

Cloning and expression of 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene

Ｉｔｗａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｄｔｈａｔｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｃｄｉｓｔｕｒｂａｎｃｅｓｏｆｆｏｌｉｃａｃｉｄａｒｅｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｃａｒｄｉｏｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄｂｉｒｔｈｄｅｆｅｃｔｓ.5,10ＭＴＨＦＲｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｚｙｍｅｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｉｃａｃｉｄｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｃｓｙｓｔｅｍ.ＤｅｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎＭＴＨＦＲａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｍａｙｉｎｄｕｃｅｔｈｅａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｏｆｈｙｐｅｒｈｏｍｏｃｙｓｔｅｉｎｅｍｉａ,ｗｈｉｃｈｍａｙｃａｕｓ…     

肿瘤抗原基因转导树突状细胞的研究进展

树突状细胞 (Ｄｅｎｄｒｉｔｉｃｃｅｌｌｓ ,ＤＣ)是体内功能最强的抗原提呈细胞 ,它们的表面表达主要组织相容性复合物 (ＭａｊｏｒＨｉｓｔｏｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｉｌｉｔｙＣｏｍｐｌｅｘ ,ＭＨＣ)分子和共刺激分子 ,为淋巴细胞的活化提供双信号。ＤＣ活化后分泌ＩＬ - 12、ＩＬ - 18及干扰素等细胞因子刺激辅助型Ｔ细胞 (ＨｅｌｐｅｒＴｃｅｌｌｓ ,ＴＨ)增殖 ,促使ＴＨ0 和ＴＨ2 细胞向ＴＨ1细胞分化 ,并强烈激发ＴＨ1型免疫应答[1] ,从而增强机体的抗肿瘤、抗感染、自身免疫性疾病和移植排斥等细胞免疫反应。应用ＤＣ的抗肿瘤实验主要是…     

杭州虻纤溶酶的纯化及其生物活性分析

经过７５％硫酸铵沉淀、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶过滤层析、ＤＥＡＥ Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－２５离子交换层析、Ｂ ｅｎｚａｍｉｄｅ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲和层析,从杭州虻（Ｔａｂａｎｕｓ ｈｏｎｇｃｈｏｗｅｎｓｉｓ）腹部匀浆液中分离纯化出分子量约为３６．５ｋＤ的纤溶酶ＴＨＦＥ。经纤维蛋白平板测定表明,ＴＨＦＥ既具有纤溶酶作用,又具有激活纤溶酶原的作用。ＴＨＦＥ能分解纤溶酶原激活剂的生色底既具有纤     

黄嘴白鹭的繁殖生物学

黄嘴白鹭的繁殖生物学ＴＨＥＢＲＥＥＤＩＮＧＢＩＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＴＨＥＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＥＧＲＥＴ关键词黄嘴白鹭繁殖生长率恒温能力发育食物组成ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｅｇｒｅｔ,Ｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ,Ｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅ,Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｏｍｅ...     

太平洋大海洋生态系国际学术讨论会在青岛召开

太平洋大海洋生态系国际学术讨论会在青岛召开Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｓｙｍｐｏｓｉｕｍｏｎ“ＴＨＥＬＡＲＧＥＭＡＲＩＮＥＥＣＯＳＹＳ－ＴＥＭＳ（ＬＭＥｓ）ＯＦＴＨＥＰＡＣＩＦＩＣＯＣＥＡＮ”ｈｅｌｄａｔＱｉｎｇｄａｏ,Ｐ￥Ｒ．Ｃｈｉｎａ太平洋大海洋生...     

转化人胚肌腱细胞力学特性研究

探讨转化人胚腱细胞９Ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄ ｈｕｍａｎ ｅｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃ ｔｅｎｄｏｎ ｅｅｌｌｓ,ＴＨＥＴＣｓ）力学特性,以阐明在应变条件下进行细胞－支架材料复合培养时腱铁力学相容性。取人腱细胞（Ｈｕｍａｎ ｅｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃ ｔｅｎｄｏｎ ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＨＥＴＣｓ）和ＴＨＥＴＣｓ,采用微吸管吸吮实验技术,测量单个细胞的粘生及其对聚乳酸（Ｐｏｌｙｌａｃｔｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,ＰＬＡ）和聚乳酸羟基乙酸共     

帕金森病裸DNA法基因治疗的实验研究

采用体内裸DNA基因治疗帕金森病(PD)取得显著疗效.将酪氨酸羟比酶(TH)基冈表达质粒与Lipofectin形成的复合物立体定位注射于PD模型鼠纹状体,显著改善了PD鼠的不对付旋转行为.免疫组化证实神经细胞表达了外源TH.     

外源性TH基因在帕金森氏病鼠脑内的表达——行为和TH免疫组化的研究

用成年大鼠７５只,给右侧黑质区注射６－羟基多巴胺（６－ＯＨＤＡ）,损毁黑质多巴胺能神经元,制备偏侧帕金森氏病（ＰＤ）鼠模型。四周后,注射阿朴吗啡（ＡＰＯ）诱发大鼠向左侧旋转。旋转数为每分钟７次以上的３５只ＰＤ鼠作实验用。其中实验组１５只,对照组２０只。向实验组ＰＤ鼠右侧纹状体多点植入含大鼠酪氨酸羟化酶ｃＤＮＡ（ＴＨｃＤＮＡ）的真核表达载体ｐＳＶＫ３－ＴＨ和脂质体Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ混合的基因转染复     

Comparison of cDNA and genomic forms of tyrosine hydroxylase gene therapy of the brain with Trojan horse liposomes

BACKGROUND: The present study examines whether chromosomal derived forms of therapeutic genes can be delivered to brain following intravenous administration. The brain expression of a rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cDNA is compared to the brain expression of a plasmid DNA encoding the 18 kb rat TH gene. METHODS: TH gene expression is measured in cell culture and in vivo in brain in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD). A total of four eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding rat TH were engineered wherein the size of the TH expression cassette ranged from 1.5 kb, in the case of the cDNA form of the gene, to 17.5 kb, in the case of the largest size genomic construct. The TH expression plasmids were delivered to either cultured cells or to rat brain in vivo with Trojan horse liposomes (THLs), which target the non-viral plasmid DNA to cells via cell membrane receptors. RESULTS: The pattern of TH gene expression in cell culture and in vivo was similar: the cDNA form of the TH gene was fast-acting with short duration of action, and the genomic form of the TH gene was slow-acting with longer duration of action. The most sustained replacement of striatal TH enzyme activity in experimental PD was produced by combination gene therapy where both the cDNA and the genomic forms of the TH gene were administered simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding genomic forms of therapeutic genes, as large as 18 kb, can be successfully incorporated in THLs and delivered to brain following intravenous administration.     

永生化胶质细胞介导TH基因的长效基因治疗

胶质细胞是脑部疾病基因治疗中的理想载体细胞 ,但细胞来源有限 ,体外培养时间短等因素限制了原代胶质细胞在基因治疗中的应用。以SV4 0大T抗原转化原代大鼠原代胶质细胞得到的永生化胶质细胞 (RGLT)可解决这些问题。在成瘤性检测中 ,RGLT细胞在裸鼠皮下 (观察 4周 )和大鼠纹状体内 (观察 18个月 )均不能成瘤。将大鼠酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH)基因转入RGLT细胞得到RGLT TH细胞后 ,TH免疫组化和HPLC检测表明RGLT TH细胞可表达TH并在体外合成多巴胺。将RGLT TH细胞移值入 6 羟基多巴胺损毁的帕金森病 (PD)大鼠模型的纹状体后 ,可大幅提高纹状体内多巴胺含量并显著缓解PD症状 ,疗效稳定维持超过 18个月。这些结果表明永生化胶质细胞可以安全有效地用于神经退行性疾病的长效基因治疗。     

Collapsin response mediator protein 4 affects the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons in the sexually dimorphic nucleus in female mice

In the sexually dimorphic anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of the hypothalamus, females have a greater number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) and kisspeptin‐immunoreactive (kisspeptin‐ir) neurons than males. In this study, we used proteomics analysis and gene‐deficient mice to identify proteins that regulate the number of TH‐ir and kisspeptin‐ir neurons in the AVPV. Analysis of protein expressions in the rat AVPV on postnatal day 1 (PD1; the early phase of sex differentiation) using two‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS identified collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) as a protein exhibiting sexually dimorphic expression. Interestingly, this sexually differential expressions of CRMP4 protein and mRNA in the AVPV was not detected on PD6. Prenatal testosterone exposure canceled the sexual difference in the expression of Crmp4 mRNA in the rat AVPV. Next, we used CRMP4‐knockout (CRMP4‐KO) mice to determine the in vivo function of CRMP4 in the AVPV. Crmp4 knockout did not change the number of kisspeptin‐ir neurons in the adult AVPV in either sex. However, the number of TH‐ir neurons was increased in the AVPV of adult female CRMP4‐KO mice as compared with the adult female wild‐type mice. During development, no significant difference in the number of TH‐ir neurons was detected between sexes or genotypes on embryonic day 15, but a female‐specific increase in TH‐ir neurons was observed in CRMP4‐KO mice on PD1, when the sex difference was not yet apparent in wild‐type mice. These results indicate that CRMP4 regulates the number of TH‐ir cell number in the female AVPV. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 502–517, 2013     

人羊膜上皮细胞移植及基因治疗帕金森病大鼠

观察人羊膜上皮细胞(human amniotic epithelial cell,HAEC及)人脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF基)因修饰的HAEC在帕金森病(Parkinson’sdisease,PD)模型大鼠脑内的长期存活和对旋转行为的治疗效果。用包装BDNFcDNA的慢病毒转染原代HAEC(HAEC/BDNF),HAEC/BDNF与HAEC分别植入6-羟基多巴胺损伤的PD模型大鼠纹状体内,观察动物的旋转行为,用免疫组织化学方法鉴定移植物在体内的存活。结果表明,治疗组PD大鼠的旋转行为改善明显达14周,HAEC/BDNF组能使恢复时间提前。免疫组织化学方法发现移植细胞在14周后仍有少量存活且部分表达BDNF、酪氨酸羟化酶,纹状体内星形胶质细胞增生。实验结果说明,HAEC和BDNF基因修饰的HAEC移植对PD模型大鼠的行为有一定改善,HAEC可以作为一种治疗PD的供体细胞。     

Ceftriaxone increases glutamate uptake and reduces striatal tyrosine hydroxylase loss in 6-OHDA Parkinson's model

Excess glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to excitotoxic loss of nigrostriatal neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we determined if increasing glutamate uptake could reduce the extent of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss in PD progression. The beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, increases the expression of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), a glutamate transporter that plays a major role in glutamate clearance in central nervous system and may attenuate adverse behavioral or neurobiological function in other neurodegenerative disease models. In association with >80 % TH loss, we observed a significant decrease in glutamate uptake in the established 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) PD model. Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg, i.p.) increased striatal glutamate uptake with >5 consecutive days of injection in nonlesioned rats and lasted out to 14 days postinjection, a time beyond that required for 6-OHDA to produce >70 % TH loss (～9 days). When ceftriaxone was given at the time of 6-OHDA, TH loss was ～57 % compared to ～85 % in temporally matched vehicle-injected controls and amphetamine-induced rotation was reduced about 2-fold. This attenuation of TH loss was associated with increased glutamate uptake, increased GLT-1 expression, and reduced Serine 19 TH phosphorylation, a calcium-dependent target specific for nigrostriatal neurons. These results reveal that glutamate uptake can be targeted in a PD model, decrease the rate of TH loss in a calcium-dependent manner, and attenuate locomotor behavior associated with 6-OHDA lesion. Given that detection of reliable PD markers will eventually be employed in susceptible populations, our results give credence to the possibility that increasing glutamate uptake may prolong the time period before locomotor impairment occurs.     

电针对帕金森病模型大鼠腹侧被盖区TH和nNOS表达的影响

目的观察不同频率电针对帕金森病（PD）模型大鼠腹侧被盖区（VTA）酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）和神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）表达的影响。方法将30只SD大鼠,随机分为5组：正常对照组,假手术组、模型组,PD模型低频电针组和高频电针组。采用右侧纹状体内注射6-羟基多巴胺（6～OHDA）制备PD模型,取合谷和太冲穴,分别给予低频（2Hz）和高频（100Hz）电针治疗。免疫组织化学方法观察VTA的TH和nNOS表达。结果与正常对照组相比,PD模型大鼠vTA的TH表达减少、nNOS表达增加,高频电针可增加其TH表达和降低nNOS表达,低频电针对其没有影响。结论高频电针治疗PD的机制之一可能是通过降低PD模型大鼠VTAnNOS表达,从而减少因NO的产生引起的TH标记的DA能神经元的死亡。