动态浊度法定量检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中细菌内毒素含量

用鲎试剂动态浊度法定量检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中细菌内毒素含量并与家兔法检测热原的结果进行对比。根据《中华人民共和国》2005年版三部附录中的细菌内毒素动态浊度法制定内毒素限值,用ATi320-06型动态试管仪和该仪器配置的中文软件"生物探针-2002"分析检测结果。静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白经稀释消除了干扰因素,动态浊度法能定量检测出内毒素含量。实验满足2005年版中国药典要求:标准曲线相关系数的绝对值︱r︱≥0.980,回收率:50%≤R≤200%,变异系数符合鲎试剂厂家的建议值CV%10%。检测结果准确、灵敏、稳定、重现性好,与家兔法检测结果相一致。鲎试剂动态浊度法能定量检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中细菌内毒素含量。     

乙型脑炎灭活疫苗细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

将细菌内毒素检查法(凝胶法)扩大应用于乙脑灭活疫苗的质量控制及其内毒素的检测.按<中国药典>及<中国生物制品规程方法>方法,复核鲎试剂灵敏度、确定疫苗的L值、计算MVD、进行干扰试验及内毒素的检测.疫苗L值确定为300 EU/mL,MVD为1 200倍.用灵敏度0.25 EU/mL的鲎试剂,疫苗的最大非干扰浓度为将其稀释30倍,将此疫苗稀释120倍进行干扰试验,对内毒素的检测无干扰作用.以此法对15批疫苗进行内毒素检查均呈阴性反应.结果显示,此法用于乙脑灭活疫苗质量控制及其内毒素检查是可行的.     

动态浊度法检测C群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液细菌内毒素含量

采用动态浊度法对多批C群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液进行细菌内毒素含量检测,同时设供试品干扰试验,并与凝胶限量法进行对比分析。从而建立了C群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液细菌内毒素定量检测方法和质量控制指标。     

18-氨基酸注射液的动态浊度法检测研究

建立 18 -氨基酸注射液细菌内毒素定量测定方法 ,控制药品质量。采用动态浊度法 ,对 18-氨基酸注射稀释液进行干扰预实验、干扰实验定量检测。结果 18-氨基酸注射液在 8倍稀释时无干扰作用。因此用动态浊度法定量检查 18-氨基酸注射液细菌内毒素的含量 ,结果准确 ,在实际应用中完全可行。     

DNA疫苗的细菌内毒素检测

目的 :考察DNA疫苗细菌内毒素的检查方法的可行性及DNA疫苗的干扰作用。方法 :干扰试验和对比试验。结果 :供试品阴性对照系列样品溶液无干扰作用 ,与家兔法结果一致。结论 :将疫苗稀释 2倍可用灵敏度为 0 5EU ml的鲎试剂作细菌内毒素检查。     

钙离子对细菌内毒素含量测定的影响

目的研究Ca~(2+)对细菌内毒素含量检测的影响,探讨其影响机制。方法向已知含量的细菌内毒素溶液中加入不同浓度的Ca~(2+),用动态浊度法检测各样品中细菌内毒素含量。对检测结果进行离散系数,即CV值分析,确定干扰限值。对加入不同浓度Ca~(2+)的细菌内毒素进行核磁共振1H谱研究。结果当Ca~(2+)浓度高于0.002 0 mol/L时,检测结果的CV值较高; Ca~(2+)浓度越高,CV值越高,离散程度越大;当Ca~(2+)浓度达到1 mol/L时,检测结果低于检测限,呈现明显的假阴性。1H谱研究发现,随着Ca~(2+)浓度的增高,处于低场的氢的化学位移向高场移动,Ca~(2+)浓度越高,移动越大。结论为获得准确的检测结果,当Ca~(2+)浓度高于0.002 0 mol/L时,应先消除干扰,再测定细菌内毒素含量。Ca~(2+)可能通过影响细菌内毒素的空间构象来影响其与鲎试剂的反应。     

重组人细胞因子制品细菌内毒素的检测

为了考察细菌内毒素检测法（BET法）检测重组人细胞因子制品的细菌内毒素及其质量控制的可行性。按照2000年版《中国生物制品规程》的规定,确定L值,计算MVD,进行干扰试验,检测制品的细菌内毒素,并与家兔热原法（RPT法）进行比较。结果表明,用标示灵敏度为0.125EU/ml的鲎试剂,重组人干扰素α2a(IFNα2a）、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM－CSF）、白介素－2（IL－2）制品,最高非干扰浓度分别为稀释至31.7倍（9.5万IU／ml）,10.9倍（27.5万μg/ml）,40倍（0.25万IU/ml）。将IFNα2a和GM－CSF按规程规定稀释80位,对细菌内毒素的检测均无干扰作用,而IL－2稀释8倍对检测有抑制作用,但经40倍稀释后可消除抑制。以BET法检测上述制品的细菌内毒素和以RPT法测定家兔热原香,符合率为100％。结果提示,用BET法代替PRT法检测上述细胞因子制品的细菌内毒素及其质量控制是可行的。     

细菌内毒素对A群C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌荚膜多糖蛋白质含量测定结果的影响

目的 探究Lowry法测定A群C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌(简称脑膜炎球菌)多糖原液蛋白质含量时,细菌内毒素对Lowry法的干扰情况。方法 根据《中华人民共和国药典》2015版(三部)规定的方法,测定含不同浓度的细菌内毒素的A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液的蛋白质含量,对检测结果进行分析。以细菌内毒素为干扰物质,设计3种方法进行验证,对验证结果进行离散系数,即CV值分析,确定干扰限值。结果 当细菌内毒素含量较高时,A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液的蛋白质含量明显增高,该结果可能为假阳性。验证试验结果显示,当溶液中细菌内毒素浓度达到0.313EU/mL时,会对检测结果产生干扰,浓度越高,干扰程度越高。结论 为获得准确的检测结果,当细菌内毒素浓度达到干扰限值时,应先消除干扰,再测定蛋白质含量。     

动态浊度法鲎试剂在23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗中间产品内毒素检测中的应用探讨

本文通过使用ATi细菌内毒素动态检测仪进行鲎试剂灵敏度复核试验、干扰试验(回收率试验)和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗中间产品内毒素检查,对所得试验结果进行数据分析,找出了影响鲎试剂准确性、灵敏性的干扰因素,从而对鲎试剂的正确使用进行探讨,确保该检测方法的专属性、灵敏度,保证检测结果准确可靠。     

静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白细菌内毒素检测

探索静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)细菌内毒素含量的鲎试验检测方法。根据《中国药典》(2000版)细菌内毒素含量的检测方法进行,将待检品用NaOH调pH至中性,稀释至2.4倍可用标示灵敏度为0.25EU/m l的特异性鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检测,结果与家兔法进行比较,并且在样品中加入定量内毒素0.6 EU/m l用两种方法进行对比试验。结果表明用细菌内毒素检测法(鲎试验法)检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白是可行的。     

Near‐infrared spectroscopic evaluation of lyophilized viral vaccine formulations

This article examines the applicability of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to evaluate the virus state in a freeze‐dried live, attenuated vaccine formulation. Therefore, this formulation was freeze‐dried using different virus volumes and after applying different pre‐freeze‐drying virus treatments (resulting in different virus states): (i) as used in the commercial formulation; (ii) without antigen (placebo); (iii) concentrated via a centrifugal filter device; and (iv) stressed by 96 h exposure to room temperature. Each freeze‐dried product was measured directly after freeze‐drying with NIR spectroscopy and the spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). Herewith, two NIR spectral regions were evaluated: (i) the 7300–4000 cm^?1 region containing the amide A/II band which might reflect information on the coated proteins of freeze‐dried live, attenuated viruses; and (ii) the C–H vibration overtone regions (10,000–7500 and 6340–5500 cm^?1) which might supply information on the lipid layer surrounding the freeze‐dried live, attenuated viruses. The different pre‐freeze‐drying treated live, attenuated virus formulations (different virus states and virus volumes) resulted in different clusters in the scores plots resulting from the PCA of the collected NIR spectra. Secondly, partial least squares discriminant analysis models (PLS‐DA) were developed and evaluated, allowing classification of the freeze‐dried formulations according to virus pretreatment. The results of this study suggest the applicability of NIR spectroscopy for evaluating live, attenuated vaccine formulations with respect to their virus pretreatment and virus volume. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1573–1586, 2013     

重组人戊型肝炎疫苗细菌内毒素检查方法的建立

确立重组人戊型肝炎疫苗原液的细菌内毒素检查方法。供试品参照《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年版三部)热原检查法进行热原检查,结果符合规定。该供试品同时参照《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年版三部)细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。供试品溶液在40μg/m l浓度下,确定内毒素限值为40EU/m l。供试品在该内毒素限值下干扰试验有效,且细菌内毒素检查法符合规定。该疫苗用内毒素检查法代替热原检查法,方法可行。     

重组(CHO细胞)乙型肝炎疫苗细菌内毒素含量检测法的建立

采用鲎试剂法检测重组 (CHO细胞 )乙型肝炎疫苗中的细菌内毒素含量 ,研究了甲醛、硫柳汞、氢氧化铝等疫苗成分对鲎试剂试验的影响。结果表明 ,疫苗中各成分对检测未见影响 ,所以检测本疫苗中内毒素含量时 ,采用鲎试剂法是可行的。同时 ,用此试验方法对本室所生产的重组 (CHO细胞 )乙型肝炎疫苗进行了检测 ,疫苗中内毒素含量全部合格     

ELISA法检测乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗中卡那霉素和庆大霉素的残留量

用ELISA试剂盒检测乙脑减毒活疫苗中卡那霉素和庆大霉素的残留量。以间接竞争ELISA法检测线性范围内加入高、中、低3种浓度的卡那霉素和庆大霉素,测定其在疫苗稳定剂、疫苗稳定剂10倍稀释溶液、试剂盒稀释液中的回收率,以及在10倍稀释乙脑减毒活疫苗中的回收率。高、中、低浓度的卡那霉素在疫苗稳定剂、疫苗稳定剂10倍稀释溶液、试剂盒稀释液中的回收率为101.40%～124.80%之间;原倍疫苗稳定剂对庆大霉素的测定有明显干扰,在原倍疫苗稳定剂中低浓度和中浓度的庆大霉素的回收率高达2280%和575%,但其它测定条件下回收率在90%～125%之间。在10倍稀释的乙脑疫苗中加入一定量的卡那霉素和庆大霉素,回收率分别为124%和103.25%。用10倍稀释法测定1人份规格的乙脑减毒活疫苗17批、5人份规格的乙脑减毒活疫苗19批。乙脑减毒活疫苗10倍稀释后,可用ELISA试剂盒检测卡那霉素和庆大霉素残留量。     

FTIR spectroscopy for the detection and evaluation of live attenuated viruses in freeze dried vaccine formulations

This article examines the applicability of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect the applied virus medium volume (i.e., during sample filling), to evaluate the virus state and to distinguish between different vaccine doses in a freeze dried live, attenuated vaccine formulation. Therefore, different formulations were freeze dried after preparing them with different virus medium volumes (i.e., 30, 100, and 400 µl) or after applying different pre‐freeze‐drying sample treatments (resulting in different virus states); i.e., (i) as done for the commercial formulation; (ii) samples without virus medium (placebo); (iii) samples with virus medium but free from antigen; (iv) concentrated samples obtained via a centrifugal filter device; and (v) samples stressed by 96h exposure to room temperature; or by using different doses (placebo, 25‐dose vials, 50‐dose‐vials and 125‐dose vials). Each freeze‐dried product was measured directly after freeze‐drying with FTIR spectroscopy. The collected spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated at three spectral regions, which might provide information on the coated proteins of freeze dried live, attenuated viruses: (i) 1700–1600 cm^?1 (amide I band), 1600–1500 cm^?1 (amide II band) and 1200–1350 cm^?1 (amide III band). The latter spectral band does not overlap with water signals and is hence not influenced by residual moisture in the samples. It was proven that FTIR could distinguish between the freeze‐dried samples prepared using different virus medium volumes, containing different doses and using different pre‐freeze‐drying sample treatments in the amide III region. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1107–1118, 2015     

明胶中细菌内毒素的检测

作者通过鲎试验法检测多种来源、多个批号的药用明胶中细菌内毒素含量并进行合格批号的干扰试验,证明明胶对鲎试剂有干扰作用,其作用表现为浓度越高干扰越大。抗增液无助于消除明胶对鲎试剂的干扰,而有效的稀释可克服这种干扰。并对明胶及含明胶成份的生物制品在细菌内毒素检测中的限值确定及其试验影响进行了讨论。     

显色基质鲎试剂法在人血白蛋白热原检测中的应用

为了对显色基质法测定人血白蛋白中的内毒素含量方法进行探讨。以内毒素,鲎试剂及显色基质,在一定的条件下反应释放出对硝基苯胺(PNA),溶液呈现黄色,于波长545nm处比色读数,其产色深浅与内毒素浓度呈线性关系,从而定量测定出检品中内毒素含量。结果表明标准曲线的线性相关系数r≥0.98,人血白蛋白经3.3倍稀释后无干扰作用。显色基质法与家兔法比较,有灵敏、快速、能定量、重复性好的特点,可用于人血白蛋白内毒素含量的测定。     

Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay for detection and quantitation of endotoxin in a small-volume parenteral product

A Limulus amoebocyte lysate gel-clotting method for the determination of endotoxin in a small-volume parenteral product has been described. Sample dilution with 0.1 M potassium phosphate monobasic buffer (pH 8.0) effectively eliminated assay interference, whereas dilution with water did not. The threshold pyrogenic dose for Escherichia coli EC-2 and O127:B8 endotoxins was determined to be 1.0 ng of endotoxin per kg of body weight. Not more than 1.0 ng of endotoxin (the threshold pyrogenic dose) per the highest recommended human dose or the USP pyrogen test dose per kg of body weight, whichever dose is more stringent, is a logical limit for the quantity of bacterial endotoxin in small-volume parenteral products. Excellent correlation was attained when this criterion was used to compare the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay with the USP pyrogen test.