MEM培养基对带状疱疹减毒活疫苗卡那霉素残留量的影响

目的:分析比较MEM培养基对带状疱疹减毒活疫苗卡那霉素残留量的影响。方法:分别使用海克隆、日水2种MEM培养基培养2BS细胞,经传代、感染、洗涤、收获、合并、冻干等工序制备带状疱疹减毒活疫苗,分析比较MEM培养基对带状疱疹减毒疫苗卡那霉素残留量的影响。结果:日水MEM培养基制备的带状疱疹减毒活疫苗卡那霉素残留量一般是海克隆MEM培养基制备疫苗的5-10倍。结论:美国海克隆实验公司的MEM培养基卡那霉素残留量明显小于日水MEM培养基。     

ELISA试剂盒检测Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗Vero细胞宿主蛋白残留量的验证

目的 验证ELISA试剂盒检测Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine, sIPV)中Vero细胞宿主细胞蛋白(host cell protein, HCP)残留量的适用性。方法 用同一批ELISA试剂盒检测sIPV中Vero细胞HCP残留量,验证其专属性、重复性、中间精密度、准确度、线性、范围、定量限和耐用性等指标。结果 将样品用2种不同稀释液(样品稀释液和疫苗稀释液)稀释后,检测Vero细胞HCP残留量结果均<12.5 ng/mL,表明该方法专属性强;同一检验人员检测同一样品6次,Vero细胞HCP残留量结果均<12.5 ng/mL;不同检验人员检测同一样品6次,Vero细胞HCP残留量结果均<12.5 ng/mL,表明具有良好的重复性和中间精密度;准确度试验中回收率均在99%～106%,CV为2%;在12.5～400.0 ng/mL的线性范围内,标准曲线线性良好(R²>0.98);定量限为50.0 ng/mL;显色时间在25～35 min内对实验无影响,显色...     

流感减毒活疫苗效力试验检测新方法的建立

目的建立基于NP蛋白检测的流感减毒活疫苗病毒滴度检测方法,并进行初步应用。方法对病毒接种方式、流感病毒感染MDCK细胞培养时间、一抗和酶标二抗的稀释度、封闭液等ELISA反应条件进行筛选优化。采用建立的方法检测3批流感减毒活疫苗原液和1批疫苗成品,并与鸡胚培养法检测结果进行比较。结果选择直接接种法作为接种方式,病毒感染细胞后培养48 h进行NP蛋白表达的检测; ELISA检测条件一抗稀释度为1∶4 000,酶标二抗稀释度为1∶4 000,2%牛血清白蛋白封闭2 h,检测结果 P/N值最大。用建立的方法检测流感减毒活疫苗原液及疫苗成品效力,与鸡胚培养法检测结果差异无统计学意义(P0.05),具有较好的一致性。结论建立了基于NP蛋白检测的流感减毒活疫苗效力试验方法,可用于生产过程中流感减毒活疫苗原液和成品的检定。     

活疫苗及其生产基质中Sendai病毒RT-PCR检测方法的研究

目的建立检测Sendai病毒的RT-PCR方法并应用于活疫苗及其生产基质中Sendai病毒的检测.方法将Sendai病毒E17株接种9日龄鸡胚尿囊腔,72h后收集尿囊液,用于提取病毒RNA,并逆转录成cDNA,用两对针对Sendai病毒NP基因设计的外引物和内引物分别进行扩增.扩增产物克隆于T-载体,并测序.尿囊液按10倍倍比稀释,进行敏感性实验.将该方法用于检测乙脑减毒活疫苗和用于生产疫苗用的普通级乳地鼠肾中的Sendai病毒.结果外引物和内引物的PCR分别扩增出684bp和248bp的片段,外引物PCR产物的测序结果与Genbank报告的序列完全一致.敏感性实验结果表明,第一次PCR可检测到10-4病毒滴度,巢式PCR可检测到10-7病毒滴度.乙脑减毒活疫苗和乳地鼠肾的检测结果为阴性.结论建立检测Sendai病毒的RT-PCR方法具有很高的特异性和敏感性.     

动态浊度法检测冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗细菌内毒素含量的研究

探讨动态浊度法检测冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗细菌内毒素含量的可行性。参照《中国药典》2015年版通则1143细菌内毒素检测法中动态浊度法,对甲肝疫苗进行标准曲线可靠性试验、干扰初筛试验、干扰验证试验及内毒素含量的测定,同时与经凝胶法检定合格的同批疫苗进行比较。标准曲线可靠性试验结果符合规定。干扰初筛试验疫苗稀释160、320及640倍,回收率在50%~200%之间,均无干扰,符合要求。干扰验证试验结果进一步表明:疫苗稀释160倍对试验无干扰作用。采用动态浊度法检测的10批甲肝疫苗细菌内毒素含量均小于该疫苗的限值L=20 EU/m L,且与经凝胶法检定的同批疫苗结果一致。采用动态浊度法检测甲肝疫苗细菌内毒素含量是可行的,值得推广应用。     

不同年份生产的乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗SA14-14-2基因稳定性研究

为了研究不同年份生产的乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因稳定性,从分子水平控制乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗质量,确保疫苗安全性,本研究分析了不同年份生产的乙脑活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因核苷酸序列及编码的氨基酸序列,并与该疫苗原始种子、主种子、工作种子、乙脑病毒强、弱毒株进行比较。结果显示不同年份生产的乙脑活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因核苷酸序列与其原始种子、主种子、工作种子和基因库中登录的乙脑病毒弱毒株SA14-14-2的相应序列完全一致,与乙脑病毒强毒株SA14的E蛋白氨基酸序列比较有9个位点氨基酸发生了改变。不同年份生产的乙脑活疫苗病毒E蛋白基因稳定性表明该疫苗质量稳定、安全。     

口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)的稳定性研究

目的评价细胞工厂工艺连续生产的口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)的稳定性。方法疫苗在-20℃放置24个月,检测病毒滴度、外观、抗生素残留量、无菌性,及对病毒血清型进行鉴别;2~8℃放置12个月检测疫苗稳定性;室温放置7周、37℃放置7 d检测加速热稳定性并冻融的稳定性。结果该疫苗-20℃可贮存24个月以上,2~8℃有效期可延长至12个月,且冻融不会影响疫苗的稳定性。结论疫苗质量稳定,各项检测结果均符合《中华人民共和国药典》三部(2010版)及企业《口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)注册标准》。     

ELISA测定疫苗中庆大霉素含量的适用性和实测结果评价

以市购庆大霉素ELISA试剂盒对生产过程中使用庆大霉素的样品和疫苗样品进行检测,观察检测结果的适用性并分析评价。结果显示:ELISA方法测定限度为4ng/m l;已知阳性样品的检测结果与理论含量相吻合,说明ELISA方法检测庆大霉素含量的特异性和灵敏度均较高,适用性较好。     

TaqMan实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗病毒含量的研究

目的：建立一种快速定量检测甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗病毒含量的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法。方法对Gen-Bank中登陆的甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗株（ L-A-1）和其他甲型肝炎病毒基因组全序列比较分析,根据其高度保守的5′端非编码区设计针对甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗株特异性引物与探针,对荧光定量RT-PCR反应条件进行优化,检测该方法的特异性和灵敏性,并对甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗病毒含量进行定量检测。结果该方法对甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗株高度特异,扩增片段为207 bp,不与其他肠道病毒发生非特异性反应。在104 CCID50/管～10-1 CCID50/管之间有良好的扩增曲线,检测的灵敏度可达0．1CCID50～0．01CCID50,比普通RT-PCR高100倍。结论该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、重复性好等优点,可应用于甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗生产过程中病毒含量滴度测定及指导疫苗成品的配制。     

牛血清蛋白酶联免疫试剂盒性能的验证

为了全面验证研制的牛血清蛋白(BSP)酶联免疫试剂盒的性能,由3个部门6人协作进行了验证。结果表明,,6人进行的18次试验全部满足BSP-ELISA试剂盒的质控标准,达标率100%;6名实验人员对3、4、5、10、20ng/ml浓度的BSP标准品进行测定,结果变异系数在1.96%~6.24%之间,精密度较好;回收率在94.8%~98.7%之间,准确度理想,测量限量为3ng/ml。该试剂盒与人血白蛋白、卵清蛋白等均无交叉反应,对BSA、B-IgG特异性蛋白的检测回收率为101.2%和94.7%;与牛血清白蛋白试剂盒对比测定11种疫苗总计108批,符合率为96.3%,针对不同疫苗,BSP残余量约为BSA的1.12~3.13倍,验证结果表明,该试剂盒可检测疫苗中BSP而不仅是BSA,能更全面客观地反映疫苗中牛血清的真实情况,有利于疫苗生产的严格质量监控。     

应用蚀斑法和细胞病变法检测乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗病毒的比较

应用蚀斑法（ＰＦＵ）和细胞病变法（ＣＰＥ）检测乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗的病毒滴度,比较结果：①两种方法同时对同一批乙脑活疫苗进行１０次测定,ＣＰＥ滴定结果比ＰＦＵ滴定高１０Ｌｏｇ值,标准差Ｓ＝０１９６,变异系数ＣＶ％＝１９２％;②对不同批乙脑活疫苗检测,仍以ＣＰＥ法高于ＰＦＵ,差值Ｘ＝１２０,标准差Ｓ＝０３１,变异系数ＣＶ％＝２５６％;③ＰＦＵ法对同一批疫苗滴定３０次,乙脑活疫苗参考品滴定１８次,变异系数仅为１４８％和１２７％。结果表明,虽然ＣＰＥ法用于滴定乙脑活疫苗的滴度高于ＰＦＵ法,但蚀斑法系统误差小,重复性好,结果客观可靠,可避免ＣＰＥ法中由于细胞退化和工作人员主观判定造成的系统误差。     

High-viability lyophilized Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine produced by deep-culture technique.

Evidence suggests that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for use in cancer immunotherapy should have the following characteristics: high viability which is maintained on storage; high ratio of live to dead cells; high proportion of single cells; and low content of soluble antigen. The production of a vaccine with these characteristics was accomplished by use of a deep-culture technique. The medium was modified Proskauer and Beck medium containing Tween 80 and glucose. The mass culture was grown in a Wheaton double-side-arm bottle (6 liters of medium in an 8-liter container), aerated by means of an aquarium aerator and mixed by a magnetic stirrer. The culture was incubated 7 to 9 days at 37 degrees C, concentrated 11 to 15 times by ultrafiltration, diluted with equal parts of 25% lactose, and then lyophilized. The lyophilized ampoules, stored at -70 degrees C, were cultured at intervals ranging from 3 days to 450 days, and no loss in viability was observed. The mean number of viable BCG per ml of reconstituted vaccine was 8.75 log10. The viable count was 90% of the total bacterial count. Moreover, 85% of the cells were present as single bacilli.     

High-viability lyophilized Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine produced by deep-culture technique.

Evidence suggests that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for use in cancer immunotherapy should have the following characteristics: high viability which is maintained on storage; high ratio of live to dead cells; high proportion of single cells; and low content of soluble antigen. The production of a vaccine with these characteristics was accomplished by use of a deep-culture technique. The medium was modified Proskauer and Beck medium containing Tween 80 and glucose. The mass culture was grown in a Wheaton double-side-arm bottle (6 liters of medium in an 8-liter container), aerated by means of an aquarium aerator and mixed by a magnetic stirrer. The culture was incubated 7 to 9 days at 37 degrees C, concentrated 11 to 15 times by ultrafiltration, diluted with equal parts of 25% lactose, and then lyophilized. The lyophilized ampoules, stored at -70 degrees C, were cultured at intervals ranging from 3 days to 450 days, and no loss in viability was observed. The mean number of viable BCG per ml of reconstituted vaccine was 8.75 log10. The viable count was 90% of the total bacterial count. Moreover, 85% of the cells were present as single bacilli.     

Sero-Molecular Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Zhejiang,an Eastern Province of China

BackgroundSporadic Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases still have been reported in Zhejiang Province in recent years, and concerns about vaccine cross-protection and population-level immunity have been raised off and on within the public health sphere. Genotype I (GI) has replaced GIII as the dominant genotype in Asian countries during the past few decades, which caused considerable concerns about the potential change of epidemiology characteristics and the vaccine effectiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of JE neutralizing antibody and its waning antibody trend after live attenuated JE vaccine immunization. Additionally, this study analyzed the molecular characteristics of the E gene of Zhejiang Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strains, and established genetic relationships with other JEV strains.Conclusion/SignificancesJE neutralizing antibody positive rates increase in age ≥10 years old population, likely reflecting natural infection or natural boosting of immunity through exposure to wild virus. JE seropositivity rates were quite low in <35 years old age groups in Zhejiang Province. Waning of neutralizing antibody after live attenuated vaccine immunization was observed, but the clinical significance should be further investigated. Both the peripheral antibody response and genetic characterization indicate that current live attenuated JE vaccine conferred equal neutralizing potency against GI or GIII of wild strains. GI has replaced GIII as the dominant genotype in Zhejiang in the past few decades. Although the chance of exposure to wild JE virus has reduced, the virus still circulates in nature; therefore, it is necessary to implement immunization program for children continually and to conduct surveillance activity periodically.     

Thermostability of Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced in India.

Different batches of bulk vaccine, final bulk at in-process level, finished freeze-dried and reconstituted Japanese encephalitis vaccine were assayed for their stability at temperatures of 22, 37 and 40 degrees C. After ultrazonal purification of 50 times concentrated brain suspension, JE Bulk vaccine was found to be stable for up to 2 years at 4 degrees C, however, the percentage loss in potency (log 10 N antibody titre) after 2.5 years was 24%. Three-times concentrated final bulk showed rapid deterioration by the fourth week at 37 and 40 degrees C. Freeze-dried JE vaccine maintained at 22 degrees C for 28 weeks did not show perceptible deterioration. At 37 degrees C, the same vaccine started showing deterioration (14%) after 8 weeks whereas at 40 degrees C the loss of potency was 24% after 8 weeks. The freeze-dried vaccine was found to be stable for up to 2 weeks duration at 40 degrees C.     

残余牛血清白蛋白含量检测试剂盒抗干扰性研究

为了对目前使用的残余牛血清蛋白(BSA)含量检测试剂盒的抗干扰性进行评价,选用19个企业的12个品种,共计28份样品进行检测,包括冻干疫苗和液体疫苗两种剂型。分别检测15ng/ml BSA对照样品、二倍稀释的疫苗样品和添加15ng/ml BSA的疫苗样品。将添加BSA的疫苗样品的检测结果减去未添加BSA的疫苗样品的结果,其数值应当位于BSA对照样品均值的95%可信区间内。多数品种的疫苗添加BSA后回收率在85%和115%之间。个别制品的回收率在82%~83%之间。实验研究结果证明目前使用的BSA检测试剂盒具有较好的抗干扰作用。     

口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3AB双抗体夹心ELISA方法的建立

抗原纯净度是口蹄疫 (Foot-and-mouth disease,FMD) 灭活疫苗质量检验的一项重要内容,一般采用疫苗2–3次免疫动物后,检测非结构蛋白 (Non-structural protein,NSP) 抗体是否阳转,判断疫苗抗原的纯净度。文中旨在建立定量检测FMD灭活疫苗抗原中NSP 3AB含量的ELISA方法,为疫苗质量控制提供参考方法。利用口蹄疫病毒 (Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV) NSP 3A单克隆抗体和辣根过氧化物酶 (Horseradish peroxidase,HRP) 标记的3B单克隆抗体,建立定量检测NSP 3AB含量的双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法。采用原核表达并纯化的3AB蛋白作为标准品,标准品系列稀释,绘制标准曲线,以标准品与未加抗原的阴性对照吸光值 (OD) 的比值大于2.0的标准品最低浓度为最低检测限。标准品浓度介于4.7–600.0 ng/mL之间时,测得的OD值与浓度呈线性相关,回归曲线呈直线,相关系数R2=0.99,确定最低检测限为4.7 ng/mL。检测12份未纯化灭活抗原中3AB蛋白含量介于9.3–200.0 ng/mL之间;而纯化后的病毒抗原中3AB蛋白残留量低于最低检测限;33份来自不同厂家的成品疫苗抗原中9份疫苗抗原3AB蛋白含量在9.0–74.0 ng/mL之间,其余24份疫苗抗原中3AB蛋白残留量低于最低检测限。检测3AB蛋白含量的双抗体夹心ELISA方法能够特异、敏感地检测疫苗抗原中的3AB蛋白含量,为疫苗质量控制与纯净度检验提供了一种可供选择的检测方法。     

Evaluation of stability of live attenuated camelpox vaccine stabilized with different stabilizers and reconstituted with various diluents

In this study, thermostability of a Vero cell attenuated live camelpox vaccine under conventional lyophilization conditions has been evaluated. Three stabilizers were used separately for freeze-drying the vaccine and the stability of the vaccine, both in freeze-dried and reconstituted forms at different temperatures was assessed. The study revealed that the camelpox vaccine lyophilized with TAA stabilizer found superior with a shelf life of 44 months, 227 days, 22 days and 20 days at 4, 25, 37 and 45 °C, respectively followed by LS stabilizer. In terms of half-life, TAA stabilizer proved better followed by LS and BUGS stabilizers at all temperatures except at 25 °C in which LS found relatively superior. Among the four diluents viz. 1x PBS (phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4), 0.85% NaCl, distilled water and 1 M MgSO₄, PBS was a better diluent followed by 0.85% NaCl. Both the diluents maintained the infectivity titer more than the minimum effective dose (3 log₁₀TCID₅₀ with a maximum titre of 6.53 log₁₀TCID₅₀ in both the diluents) for 60 h at 37 and 45 °C. However, 1 M MgSO₄ found less suitable for camelpox vaccine dilution. The study indicates that the TAA and 1× PBS are the choice of stabilizer and diluent, respectively for camelpox vaccine.