动态浊度法检测冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗细菌内毒素含量的研究

探讨动态浊度法检测冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗细菌内毒素含量的可行性。参照《中国药典》2015年版通则1143细菌内毒素检测法中动态浊度法,对甲肝疫苗进行标准曲线可靠性试验、干扰初筛试验、干扰验证试验及内毒素含量的测定,同时与经凝胶法检定合格的同批疫苗进行比较。标准曲线可靠性试验结果符合规定。干扰初筛试验疫苗稀释160、320及640倍,回收率在50%~200%之间,均无干扰,符合要求。干扰验证试验结果进一步表明:疫苗稀释160倍对试验无干扰作用。采用动态浊度法检测的10批甲肝疫苗细菌内毒素含量均小于该疫苗的限值L=20 EU/m L,且与经凝胶法检定的同批疫苗结果一致。采用动态浊度法检测甲肝疫苗细菌内毒素含量是可行的,值得推广应用。     

注射用炎琥宁的细菌内毒素检查

目的:建立注射用炎琥宁细菌内毒素检查方法。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版(二部)附录收载的细菌内毒素检查方法,用不同厂家的鲎试剂对不同批号的样品分别进行干扰试验。结果:注射用炎琥宁稀释至质量浓度为0.17mg.mL-1的供试品溶液时对试验无干扰作用。结论:细菌内毒素检查方法可用于注射用炎琥宁的热原检查。     

重组人戊型肝炎疫苗细菌内毒素检查方法的建立

确立重组人戊型肝炎疫苗原液的细菌内毒素检查方法。供试品参照《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年版三部)热原检查法进行热原检查,结果符合规定。该供试品同时参照《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年版三部)细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。供试品溶液在40μg/m l浓度下,确定内毒素限值为40EU/m l。供试品在该内毒素限值下干扰试验有效,且细菌内毒素检查法符合规定。该疫苗用内毒素检查法代替热原检查法,方法可行。     

乙型脑炎灭活疫苗细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

将细菌内毒素检查法(凝胶法)扩大应用于乙脑灭活疫苗的质量控制及其内毒素的检测.按<中国药典>及<中国生物制品规程方法>方法,复核鲎试剂灵敏度、确定疫苗的L值、计算MVD、进行干扰试验及内毒素的检测.疫苗L值确定为300 EU/mL,MVD为1 200倍.用灵敏度0.25 EU/mL的鲎试剂,疫苗的最大非干扰浓度为将其稀释30倍,将此疫苗稀释120倍进行干扰试验,对内毒素的检测无干扰作用.以此法对15批疫苗进行内毒素检查均呈阴性反应.结果显示,此法用于乙脑灭活疫苗质量控制及其内毒素检查是可行的.     

动态浊度法鲎试剂在23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗中间产品内毒素检测中的应用探讨

本文通过使用ATi细菌内毒素动态检测仪进行鲎试剂灵敏度复核试验、干扰试验(回收率试验)和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗中间产品内毒素检查,对所得试验结果进行数据分析,找出了影响鲎试剂准确性、灵敏性的干扰因素,从而对鲎试剂的正确使用进行探讨,确保该检测方法的专属性、灵敏度,保证检测结果准确可靠。     

用动态浊度法定量测定高聚生注射液中细菌内毒素

目的：探讨采用鲎试剂法对高聚生注射液进行细菌内毒素检查的可行性。方法通过试验确定高聚生注射液细菌内毒素检查的最大有效稀释倍数。结果：经干扰试验表明,内毒素的回收率在50％－200％之间。结论：高聚生注射液经最大有效稀释后进行细菌内毒素检查是可行的。     

静注人免疫球蛋白细菌内毒素检查方法的建立

目的 :建立用于静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白 (IVIG)的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法 :通过干扰评价实验证明IVIG对细菌内毒素检查法有强烈的抑制作用 ,单纯用简单稀释和调整pH值法无法消除干扰 ,如果用稀释剂 (Ⅰ )对IVIG作 1∶4以上的稀释 ,即可消除样品对该检查法的干扰 ,利用灵敏度为 0 1 2 5EU ml的鲎试剂 ,将样品用稀释剂 (Ⅰ )稀释 4倍 ,按中国药典 ( 2 0 0 0版 )进行细菌内毒素的检查 ,结果与家兔热原质试验进行比较。结论 :IVIG用稀释剂 (Ⅰ )进行适当稀释后 ,可以用细菌内毒素检查法替代家兔热原试验 ,应用于生产过程及半成品的质量控制。     

苦碟子注射液细菌内毒素检查法的探讨

目的：建立苦碟子注射液静脉点滴用药时细菌内毒素的检查方法。方法：采用2个厂家的鲎试剂对苦碟子注射液进行干扰试验。结果：鲎试剂浓度为0．25EU／mL时,苦碟子注射液稀释至1／30对细菌内毒素测定无干扰。结论：鲎试剂法检测苦碟子注射液静脉点滴用药时的细菌内毒素是可行的。     

艾迪注射液细菌内毒素检查方法探讨

目的:建立艾迪注射液细菌内毒素检查方法。方法:根据《中华人民共和国药典》2005年版Ⅱ部收载的细菌内毒素检查法进行。结果:将艾迪注射液稀释至1/6后可消除干扰因素,用标示灵敏度为0.25 EU/mL的鲎试剂检测细菌内毒素是有效的。结论:细菌内毒素检查法准确、可靠,适用于检测艾迪注射液中的内毒素。     

18-氨基酸注射液的动态浊度法检测研究

建立 18 -氨基酸注射液细菌内毒素定量测定方法 ,控制药品质量。采用动态浊度法 ,对 18-氨基酸注射稀释液进行干扰预实验、干扰实验定量检测。结果 18-氨基酸注射液在 8倍稀释时无干扰作用。因此用动态浊度法定量检查 18-氨基酸注射液细菌内毒素的含量 ,结果准确 ,在实际应用中完全可行。     

Level of bacterial endotoxins in Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines conjugated with toxoids (td, Di)

Quantitative evaluation of bacterial endotoxin was performed in the following vaccines: Act-Hib, Hiberix, Hib-Titer. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of chromogenic LAL test with S-2423 substrate for this particular biopreparations and after that to determine the amounts of endotoxin as a factor of vaccine safety. Because of the lack of information concerning the presence of endotoxin in Act-Hib vaccine, we also tried to establish the limits for the presence of endotoxin in this type of vaccine. The estimated level of endotoxin was as follows: 110 EU/ml in Act-Hib, 1.64 EU/ml in Hiberix and 2.4 EU/ml in Hib-Titer. The results of this study showed that the amounts of endotoxin was dependent on the molecular size of polysaccharide PRP and on the presence of protein component. The limit of endotoxin presence in Act-Hib vaccine recommended by us is max. 150 EU/ml.     

重组(CHO细胞)乙型肝炎疫苗细菌内毒素含量检测法的建立

采用鲎试剂法检测重组 (CHO细胞 )乙型肝炎疫苗中的细菌内毒素含量 ,研究了甲醛、硫柳汞、氢氧化铝等疫苗成分对鲎试剂试验的影响。结果表明 ,疫苗中各成分对检测未见影响 ,所以检测本疫苗中内毒素含量时 ,采用鲎试剂法是可行的。同时 ,用此试验方法对本室所生产的重组 (CHO细胞 )乙型肝炎疫苗进行了检测 ,疫苗中内毒素含量全部合格     

Endotoxins in commercial vaccines.

Twenty samples of commercial vaccines intended for administration to humans were assayed for the presence of bacterial endotoxins by using the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Sixteen of the vaccines contained more than 0.1 ng of endotoxin per ml (which corresponds to 103 bacterial cell wall equivalents per ml in the undiluted vaccines). These results suggest that at some stage of preparation, the vaccines have contained varying amounts of gram-negative bacteria and may indicate the presence of other bacterial products as well. It might be useful to list the level of endotoxins, phage, and other contaminants on each vaccine lot to facilitate studies on any side effects of these contaminants. Selection of vaccine lots with the least endotoxin might reduce some of the adverse effects of vaccinations.     

静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白细菌内毒素检测

探索静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)细菌内毒素含量的鲎试验检测方法。根据《中国药典》(2000版)细菌内毒素含量的检测方法进行,将待检品用NaOH调pH至中性,稀释至2.4倍可用标示灵敏度为0.25EU/m l的特异性鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检测,结果与家兔法进行比较,并且在样品中加入定量内毒素0.6 EU/m l用两种方法进行对比试验。结果表明用细菌内毒素检测法(鲎试验法)检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白是可行的。     

A limulus amoebocyte lysate activating activity (LAL activity) that lacks biological activities of endotoxin found in biological products

Pyrogenic substances in influenza HA (IHA) vaccine have been controlled by the pyrogen test or the mouse body weight decreasing toxicity (BWD) test. We examined the possibility of replacing the animal tests with the endotoxin test Commercial IHA vaccines were found to show considerable levels of LAL activity ranging from 0.2 to 160 EU/ml. However, a batch of the vaccine having even 100 EU/ml of LAL activity showed neither pyrogenicity in rabbits nor tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction in RAW264.7 cells. The LAL activity of IHA vaccine was abolished by a monoclonal antibody that recognizes LPS-binding epitope of LAL factor C. The activity of IHA vaccine showed different physicochemical properties from those of LAL activity of endotoxin. LAL activity of endotoxin is known to be sensitive to polymyxin B treatment and was found to be resistant to polyoxyethylene 10 cetyl ether (Brij56) treatment. On the contrary, the LAL activity of IRA vaccine was shown to be resistant to polymyxin B but sensitive to Brij56 treatment. The difference in sensitivity of the two LAL activities to polymyxin B and Brij56 might suggest the possibility of their discriminative measurements.     

Interfering effect of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis combined (DTaP) vaccines on the bacterial endotoxin test.

We evaluated applicability of the endotoxin test to DTaP vaccines. Although no DTaP vaccine batches showed immediate interference with the activating activity of spiked endotoxin on the clotting of Limulus amaebocyte lysate (LAL), a gradually progressing interference depending on the time after spiking was seen for some of the batches. The interfering DTaP vaccine batches, however, showed no significant effect onin vitro TNF-alpha induction in RAW264.7 cells and pyrogenicity in rabbits of spiked endotoxin. Aluminium hydroxide gel in the vaccines was suggested to be one of the causes of the interference. Accordingly, a careful evaluation of the interfering effect was assumed crucial for the effective application of the endotoxin test to check residual biological activity of endotoxin in DTaP vaccines.     

Reexamination of the effect of endotoxin on cell proliferation and transfection efficiency

Plasmid DNA purified from bacterial cells can be contaminated with endotoxin to different extents, depending on the purification method. Earlier reports indicate that endotoxin can decrease transfection efficiency in many eukaryotic cell lines; however, the amount of endotoxin required for inhibition is unclear. We determined endotoxin effects in several cell lines and observed that endotoxin levels greater than or equal to 10,000 endotoxin units (EU) were needed to significantly affect cell proliferation and viability; levels greater than 2000 EU/mu g DNA were required to significantly inhibit transfection for all but one (Huh-7) of the cell lines tested. These endotoxin levels are significantly higher than endotoxin contamination in plasmid DNA purified by anion exchange, CsCl2 gradient and endotoxin-free purification technology, but not as high as a crude alkaline lysis preparatory method. Plasmid DNA prepared using anion exchange technology was comparable to endotoxin-free technology in terms of transfection efficiency. Even Huh-7 cells, which are markedly more sensitive to endotoxins, have comparable transfection efficiencies using plasmid DNA purified by either of these two methods. We conclude that for those cell lines commonly used for transfection studies, endotoxin-free, quality DNA is not necessary because significantly higher levels of bacterial endotoxins are required to inhibit either cell proliferation or transfection.