关于建立栀子提取物热原检测方法的考察

目的根据2015版《中国药典》规定的新品种建立热原的指导原则,建立栀子提取物热原的测定方法。方法用国家颁发的细菌内毒素标准品,对设限值剂量的供试品组、10EU/kg内毒素组与10EU/kg内毒素的供试品组同时进行热原检查试验,观察三组家兔的升温情况。结果以上三组同时进行热原检查试验,限值剂量的供试品组结果无异常反应并符合规定,10EU/kg内毒素组与10EU/kg内毒素的供试品组的家兔升温显著且结果为不符合规定。结论以上三组同时进行热原检查试验,限值剂量的供试品组无异常反应并符合规定,10EU/kg内毒素组与10EU/kg内毒素的供试品组的家兔升温显著且结果为不符合规定。说明用该方法对栀子提取物进行热原检查是有效的。     

注射用炎琥宁的细菌内毒素检查

目的:建立注射用炎琥宁细菌内毒素检查方法。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版(二部)附录收载的细菌内毒素检查方法,用不同厂家的鲎试剂对不同批号的样品分别进行干扰试验。结果:注射用炎琥宁稀释至质量浓度为0.17mg.mL-1的供试品溶液时对试验无干扰作用。结论:细菌内毒素检查方法可用于注射用炎琥宁的热原检查。     

动态浊度法检测冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗细菌内毒素含量的研究

探讨动态浊度法检测冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗细菌内毒素含量的可行性。参照《中国药典》2015年版通则1143细菌内毒素检测法中动态浊度法,对甲肝疫苗进行标准曲线可靠性试验、干扰初筛试验、干扰验证试验及内毒素含量的测定,同时与经凝胶法检定合格的同批疫苗进行比较。标准曲线可靠性试验结果符合规定。干扰初筛试验疫苗稀释160、320及640倍,回收率在50%~200%之间,均无干扰,符合要求。干扰验证试验结果进一步表明:疫苗稀释160倍对试验无干扰作用。采用动态浊度法检测的10批甲肝疫苗细菌内毒素含量均小于该疫苗的限值L=20 EU/m L,且与经凝胶法检定的同批疫苗结果一致。采用动态浊度法检测甲肝疫苗细菌内毒素含量是可行的,值得推广应用。     

艾迪注射液细菌内毒素检查方法探讨

目的:建立艾迪注射液细菌内毒素检查方法。方法:根据《中华人民共和国药典》2005年版Ⅱ部收载的细菌内毒素检查法进行。结果:将艾迪注射液稀释至1/6后可消除干扰因素,用标示灵敏度为0.25 EU/mL的鲎试剂检测细菌内毒素是有效的。结论:细菌内毒素检查法准确、可靠,适用于检测艾迪注射液中的内毒素。     

动态浊度法定量检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中细菌内毒素含量

用鲎试剂动态浊度法定量检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中细菌内毒素含量并与家兔法检测热原的结果进行对比。根据《中华人民共和国》2005年版三部附录中的细菌内毒素动态浊度法制定内毒素限值,用ATi320-06型动态试管仪和该仪器配置的中文软件"生物探针-2002"分析检测结果。静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白经稀释消除了干扰因素,动态浊度法能定量检测出内毒素含量。实验满足2005年版中国药典要求:标准曲线相关系数的绝对值︱r︱≥0.980,回收率:50%≤R≤200%,变异系数符合鲎试剂厂家的建议值CV%10%。检测结果准确、灵敏、稳定、重现性好,与家兔法检测结果相一致。鲎试剂动态浊度法能定量检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白中细菌内毒素含量。     

曲克芦丁注射液无菌检查法方法学研究

目的:验证曲克芦丁注射液无菌检查方法,确认曲克芦丁注射液在该检验量、该检验条件下无抑菌活性或其抑菌活性被充分消除到可以忽略不计。以保证检验结果的准确、可靠及检验方法的专属性。方法:按照《中国药典》2010年版二部附录ⅪH无菌检查法进行方法学验证试验。结果:与对照组比较,含供试品的各滤筒中试验菌均生长良好,并与各对照组中相应的菌落生长情况相似,供试品对照组、阴性对照组均无菌生长。由此说明,在此检验条件和检验量下,供试品不存在抑制微生物生长的因素。因此,可照此检查法和检查条件进行曲克芦丁注射液的无菌检查。三批供试品无菌检查符合规定。结论:经方法学验证,采用薄膜过滤法进行曲克芦丁注射液的无菌检查,可有效检测样品无菌情况,为控制产品质量提供检测依据。     

静注人免疫球蛋白细菌内毒素检查方法的建立

目的 :建立用于静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白 (IVIG)的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法 :通过干扰评价实验证明IVIG对细菌内毒素检查法有强烈的抑制作用 ,单纯用简单稀释和调整pH值法无法消除干扰 ,如果用稀释剂 (Ⅰ )对IVIG作 1∶4以上的稀释 ,即可消除样品对该检查法的干扰 ,利用灵敏度为 0 1 2 5EU ml的鲎试剂 ,将样品用稀释剂 (Ⅰ )稀释 4倍 ,按中国药典 ( 2 0 0 0版 )进行细菌内毒素的检查 ,结果与家兔热原质试验进行比较。结论 :IVIG用稀释剂 (Ⅰ )进行适当稀释后 ,可以用细菌内毒素检查法替代家兔热原试验 ,应用于生产过程及半成品的质量控制。     

DNA疫苗的细菌内毒素检测

目的 :考察DNA疫苗细菌内毒素的检查方法的可行性及DNA疫苗的干扰作用。方法 :干扰试验和对比试验。结果 :供试品阴性对照系列样品溶液无干扰作用 ,与家兔法结果一致。结论 :将疫苗稀释 2倍可用灵敏度为 0 5EU ml的鲎试剂作细菌内毒素检查。     

四种氨基酸原料细菌内毒素检查法的研究

依据中国药典2000年版“细菌内毒素检查法”,通过鲎试剂的干扰试验,研究注射用氨基酸原料中细菌内毒素检查法的可行性。结果在2~16倍稀释级下,L-缬氨酸(c=2.5%)和L-异亮氨酸(c=2.5%)对鲎试剂无干扰,检测细菌内毒素的鲎试剂灵敏度≤5.0×102EU.L-1,而在16倍稀释级范围内,L-脯氨酸(c=4.5%)和L-亮氨酸(c=2.0%)对鲎试剂检查法有抑制作用。结论为注射用L-异亮氨酸和L-缬氨酸用灵敏度为5.0×102EU.L-1的鲎试剂检查其细菌内毒素方法可行,可以代替家兔法检查热原。     

静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白细菌内毒素检测

探索静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白(IVIG)细菌内毒素含量的鲎试验检测方法。根据《中国药典》(2000版)细菌内毒素含量的检测方法进行,将待检品用NaOH调pH至中性,稀释至2.4倍可用标示灵敏度为0.25EU/m l的特异性鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检测,结果与家兔法进行比较,并且在样品中加入定量内毒素0.6 EU/m l用两种方法进行对比试验。结果表明用细菌内毒素检测法(鲎试验法)检测静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白是可行的。     

Level of bacterial endotoxins in Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines conjugated with toxoids (td, Di)

Quantitative evaluation of bacterial endotoxin was performed in the following vaccines: Act-Hib, Hiberix, Hib-Titer. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of chromogenic LAL test with S-2423 substrate for this particular biopreparations and after that to determine the amounts of endotoxin as a factor of vaccine safety. Because of the lack of information concerning the presence of endotoxin in Act-Hib vaccine, we also tried to establish the limits for the presence of endotoxin in this type of vaccine. The estimated level of endotoxin was as follows: 110 EU/ml in Act-Hib, 1.64 EU/ml in Hiberix and 2.4 EU/ml in Hib-Titer. The results of this study showed that the amounts of endotoxin was dependent on the molecular size of polysaccharide PRP and on the presence of protein component. The limit of endotoxin presence in Act-Hib vaccine recommended by us is max. 150 EU/ml.     

Detection ofBacteroides fragilis endotoxin in amniotic fluid by counterimmunoelectrophoresis

The ability of counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) to detectBacteroides fragilis endotoxin in amniotic fluid in small concentrations was evaluated. A method was developed which, in combination with ultrafiltration, permits detection ofB. fragilis endotoxin in amniotic fluid in a concentration of 40 ng/ml or more. The sensitivity threshold was reduced to 2 ng/ml by using a highly reactive IgG-fraction isolated from rabbit anti-B. fragilis IPL E 323 antiserum.     

Quantitative measurement of endotoxin in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) serum by the chromogenic substrate method

The amount of endotoxin in serum collected from normal rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and trout inoculated with viable Vibrio anguillarum or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from bacteria was determined by the chromogenic substrate method. The mean values of endotoxin in four different groups of normal rainbow trout sera ranged from 31.9 to 65.3 pg/ml. When fish were inoculated with viable bacteria (1 x 10(8], they became septicaemic and a large amount of endotoxin ng/ml) was detected in the sera. In fish inoculated with a smaller number of bacteria the amount of endotoxin was several times higher than that of normal fish in spite of failure of bacterial isolation. Although the endotoxin level in serum increased rapidly (greater than 100 ng/ml) after intraperitoneal inoculation with purified V. anguillarum LPS (540 micrograms), no fish died during the experiment. The high level of endotoxin in normal rainbow trout and the resistance of trout to endotoxin are in striking contrast to those of mammalian and avian species.     

Quantitative measurement of endotoxin in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) serum by the chromogenic substrate method

The amount of endotoxin in serum collected from normal rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri) and trout inoculated with viable Vibrio anguillarum or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from bacteria was determined by the chromogenic substrate method. The mean values of endotoxin in four different groups of normal rainbow trout sera ranged from 31.9 to 65.3 pg/ml. When fish were inoculated with viable bacteria (1 × 10⁸), they became septicaemic and a large amount of endotoxin (> 14 ng/ml) was detected in the sera. In fish inoculated with a smaller number of bacteria the amount of endotoxin was several times higher than that of normal fish in spite of failure of bacterial isolation. Although the endotoxin level in serum increased rapidly (> 100 ng/ml) after intraperitoneal inoculation with purified V. anguillarum LPS (540 μg), no fish died during the experiment. The high level of endotoxin in normal rainbow trout and the resistance of trout to endotoxin are in striking contrast to those of mammalian and avian species.     

18-氨基酸注射液的动态浊度法检测研究

建立 18 -氨基酸注射液细菌内毒素定量测定方法 ,控制药品质量。采用动态浊度法 ,对 18-氨基酸注射稀释液进行干扰预实验、干扰实验定量检测。结果 18-氨基酸注射液在 8倍稀释时无干扰作用。因此用动态浊度法定量检查 18-氨基酸注射液细菌内毒素的含量 ,结果准确 ,在实际应用中完全可行。     

Early detection of the Limulus amebocyte lysate reaction evoked by endotoxins

The gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) evoked by bacterial endotoxins can be detected earlier than with usual methods by using laser scattering photometry to recognize the formation of small particles of clotted enzyme produced when the reaction mixture is agitated. The appearance of these small particles means that the influence of endotoxins has stimulated activation of the clotting enzyme across the LAL cascade, and the timing of their appearance is related to endotoxin concentration. This new method can be used for quick and sensitive endotoxin assay. The average endotoxin level of healthy volunteers was assayed to be 0.0738 pg/ml [0.0312-0.3445 pg/ml] (n = 11) within 70 min from the start of the assay.     

The occurrence of endotoxin in sows with coliform mastitis

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of endotoxins in the etiology of coliform mastitis /CM/ in sows under field conditions, by using the Limulus amebocyte lysate /LAL/ test for the detection of endotoxins in the blood of pigs. For this purpose, blood samples from 40 healthy sows and 46 sows with clinical signs of CM were drawn once between 24 and 72 h post partum and tested accordingly. Only one clinically healthy sow 2.5% showed the presence of endotoxins in the serum. In sows clinically affected with one or more symptoms of the CM, the bacterial toxins were detected in 15 cases /32.5%/. The results of these studies support the observation that in only a certain percentage of all CM cases the occurrence of endotoxin in blood can be shown. Sampling time in relation to the occurrence of clinical symptoms and sampling frequency may have had an influence on the detectability of circulating endotoxins. Consequently, not all cases with endotoxemia may have been identified. The usefulness of the LAL test for endotoxin detection in the blood of pigs was confirmed.     

浙江省热原检查用兔敏感性状况调查

目的调查浙江省热原检查用兔对细菌内毒素的敏感性情况,为提高热原检查结果的准确性和可靠性提供参考。方法对全省所有取得生产许可证单位的家兔,用国家颁发的细菌内毒素标准品,＂热原检查法＂进行检查,剂量分别为5EU/Kg和10EU/Kg,记录并比较各单位家兔的平均升温值和升温率。结果对细菌内毒素,各兔场家兔的敏感性有一定的差异。静脉注射5EU/kg,平均升温值为0.40℃～0.87℃,升温率为35%～83%;静脉注射10EU/kg,平均升温值为0.74℃～1.16℃,升温率为70%～94%。结论不同生产单位的家兔对细菌内毒素的敏感性不同,有必要对热原检查用家兔进行细菌内毒素敏感性检查。     

A novel endotoxin-specific assay by turbidimetry with Limulus amoebocyte lysate containing beta-glucan

The gelation of standard Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) is triggered by the addition of a small amount of beta-glucan (1-1000 ng/ml plasma), but in the presence of an excessive amount of beta-glucan (1 mg/ml plasma), the gelation becomes insensitive to beta-glucan. Utilizing this property, a method to determine quantitatively the amount of endotoxin circulating in humans was developed. When a modified LAL, or LAL-ES, which contains an excessive amount of CM-curdlan as beta-glucan, was used for the assay, a linear relation in the logarithmic scales was obtained between the gelation time measured by the turbidimetry (min) and the concentration of endotoxin. This relation was not affected by a considerable amount of beta-glucan (100 ng/ml). The sensitivity of the endotoxin assay was estimated to be as low as 3 pg/ml. The following aspects of the method were found by clinical application to normal and febrile subjects. (1) Using both LAL and LAL-ES, it was possible to distinguish the effect of endotoxin from that of beta-glucan in plasma, i.e., bacterial sepsis from fungal sepsis. (2) The amount of circulating endotoxin determined by the present method showed good correlation to those obtained by chromogenic assay using modified LAL devoid of Factor G which could be activated by beta-glucan.