高产大豆异黄酮糖苷水解酶菌株的发酵工艺研究*

Absidia sp．R是从酒曲中分离出的一株产大豆异黄酮糖苷水解酶活性较高的菌株。该菌最佳产酶条件为：2．5％的麦麸为碳源,1％的硝酸钠为氮源,培养基起始pH为7．0,瓶装量为40mL/250mL,接种量8％,培养温度为30℃,转数为160r／min,培养时间为84h,其酶活力可达到82U／mL。除Cu^2 对该菌产酶有较强的抑制作用外,金属离子对产酶影响不大。     

红树林微生物DH-2胞外蛋白酶的性质及产酶条件优化

从大亚湾红树林土壤样品中分离得到产蛋白酶菌株,鉴定所产胞外蛋白酶的酶学性质以及菌株的最佳发酵培养条件。采用平板透明圈法筛选菌株,福林酚显色法测定蛋白酶的酶活,通过单因素和正交试验确定其最佳发酵培养基以及发酵条件。从壤样品中分离得到一株产蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌DH-2,该菌株分泌的蛋白酶最适反应pH和温度分别为8.0和65℃,50℃保温处理60 min后,剩余酶活仍保留80%以上。该蛋白酶对多种金属离子、有机溶剂及表面活性剂均有较好的耐受性。确定该菌株产蛋白酶的最适条件:1%(m/V,下同)可溶性淀粉,1%胰蛋白胨、1%NaCl,初始pH 5.5及7%的接种量,40℃培养36 h。在最适条件下测得其发酵液的酶活为236.30 U/mL,约为初筛时的酶活的8倍。该蛋白酶具有较为广阔的作用温度和pH范围,金属离子、有机溶剂及表面活性剂耐受性好,酶的性质比较稳定。     

黑曲霉GD-6纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

采用黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger)GD 6液体发酵生产纤维素酶 ,研究了碳源、氮源、培养基起始 pH值、接种量、摇床转速、通气量对该菌株产纤维素酶活力的影响。结果表明 ,GD 6的最适发酵温度为 2 8～ 3 0℃ ,产酶pH为 5 .5～ 6.0 ,摇床最适转速为 1 5 0r/min ,最佳接种量为 1 0 %。在以 6.0 %稻草粉为碳源、1 %豆饼粉为氮源时产酶活力最高。在最适培养条件下 ,发酵周期为 1 2 0h,发酵液中CMC酶活为 1 88.6U/mL ,FP酶活为 2 7.0U/mL。     

β-葡聚糖酶高产菌株BS9418F的选育及其发酵条件的研究

经60 Coγ射线辐照处理获得的诱变菌株芽孢杆菌BS9418F ,其产酶活力比出发菌株提高 30 %以上。该菌株以大麦粉 7%、玉米粉 3%、豆粕 3%及适量无机盐为培养基最佳配比 ,其最适培养条件为 :培养基初始 pH 7.0 ,摇瓶装量 5 0mL/ 30 0mL三角瓶 ,种龄 16～ 2 0h ,接种量 2 %～ 3% ,培养温度 36～ 37℃ ,发酵周期 40h。在优化条件下 ,摇瓶发酵产 β 葡聚糖酶活力高达 5 5 0 0u/mL以上 ,比出发菌株初始发酵水平提高了 4倍以上     

氧化铁鞘细菌铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及其酶学特性的研究

对氧化铁鞘细菌FC990 1菌株的铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及酶学特性进行了研究。菌株最适产酶培养基为 (g/L) :柠檬酸铁胺 10g ,NaNO3 1.2g,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,K2 HPO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,CaCl2 0 .0 15g ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0 .0 0 0 5g。最适产酶条件为 :温度 30℃ ,起始pH7.0 ,接种量 2 % ,15 0mL三角瓶装 5 0mL ,15 0r/min振荡培养 72h。铁氧化酶最适pH为7.5 ,最适温度为 30℃。金属离子Ca2 、Mg2 、Zn2 对酶有激活和稳定作用 ;Cu2 、Hg2 、Al3 则抑制酶的活性 ;Fe2 、K 、Na 对酶活性影响不明显。     

枯草芽胞杆菌甲壳素脱乙酰酶的筛选及酶学性质*

从海洋泥土中分离出产甲壳素脱乙酰酶菌株,确定该菌株为产碱属芽孢杆菌,其产酶适宜培养条件为：pH4．0,添加金属离子Ca^2 ,培养时间为80h,温度为350℃。所得甲壳素脱乙酰酶作用的最适温度为40℃～50℃,最适pH为4．5-5．0之间。     

中国冰川1号产适冷蛋白酶耐冷菌的分离鉴定及产酶条件

从中国冰川 1号样品分离获得一株产适冷蛋白酶耐冷菌株SYP- A2 - 3,鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluscereus)。该菌生长温度范围为 0～ 38℃ ,最适生长温度 2 5℃ ,而最适产酶温度为 15℃。所产蛋白酶为中性金属蛋白酶 ,最适催化温度为 4 2℃ ,低温催化活力较高 ,适宜作用pH为 7. 0～ 8 .5 ,SDS PAGE测定的分子量为 34 2kD。SYP A2 3产酶条件的研究结果显示酪蛋白是较好的氮源 ,葡萄糖、淀粉是较好的碳源 ,产酶最佳pH为 6. 5～ 7. 0 ,在优化的条件下 ,15℃摇瓶产酶达到 380 0U mL ,5L发酵罐通气培养产酶达 4 80 0U mL。     

产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌的筛选、产酶发酵及粗酶性质研究

目的：筛选产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株,扩大脂肪酶的应用范围。方法：利用维多利亚蓝B平板显色法和摇瓶发酵法,从土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株,通过菌落形态和菌体特征观察初步对菌种进行鉴定,并对该菌株的产酶发酵培养基进行了优化。结果：得到一株产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株sybc—li一1,该菌株适宜产酶培养基（％）为淀粉1、牛肉浸膏1、NaNO3 0．08、CaCl2 0．04、MgSO4 0．04、橄榄油2和OP1;初始DH8、30℃、200r／min培养72h,脂肪酶活力可高达到30．2U／mL;所产脂肪酶粗酶最适作用温度20℃,最适pH9．5,0℃时仍能保持70％的酶活性,属于低温酶;该酶与目前报道的低温脂肪酶相比,有较好的热稳定性,粗酶在pH8．5、70℃条件下保温60mla,酶活力损失30％。结论：该菌株为自然环境中筛选的非极端细菌,所产脂肪酶为低温脂肪酶,在开发应用上有良好的前景。     

Bohaisea-9145海洋低温碱性脂肪酶研究

从 2 0 0 0多份渤海海区海水海泥样品中分离获得一株新型脂肪酶高产菌株BohaiSea 914 5 ,经鉴定为适冷性海洋酵母 (Yarrowialipolytica)。菌株在以豆饼粉、棉籽饼粉和花生粕作为碳氮源并添加 0 5 %花生油的培养基中能较好地生长产酶 ,最适产酶温度 2 6± 1℃ ,产酶周期为 2 3h。所得脂肪酶的最适反应温度为 35℃ ,最适pH 8 5 ,pH4 0～ 9 0范围内稳定 ,热稳定性差。该酶与常见金属离子和化学试剂的配伍性较好 ,受表面活性剂SDS的激活 ,且具有良好的耐盐及抗氧化特性 ,是一种新型的海洋低温碱性脂肪酶 ,在洗涤剂行业特别是冷洗行业中具有良好的应用前景     

响应面法优化有机溶剂极端耐受性菌株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产脂肪酶条件

Burkholderia sp．脂肪酶具有较高的有机溶剂耐受性和转酯活性,广泛应用于手性化合物的拆分。本研究利用统计学方法对一株具有有机溶剂极端耐受性的脂肪酶高产茵株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002在摇瓶培养条件下产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验,首先确定了最适碳源、氮源、诱导荆等。以Plackett—Burrman设计筛选影响Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产酶的主要因素,通过最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析法确定产酶最适条件。K2HP04、大豆油乳化液和起始RH确定为影响菌株产酶的3个主效因素。最佳产酶条件为：糊精0．3％（W／V）,牛肉膏2．0％（W／V）,MgSO4．7H2O．075％（W／V）,K2HPO4 0．14％（W／V）,大豆油乳化液4．89％（V／V）,pH8．11,玻璃珠10颗／瓶,接种量2．0％（V／V）,30℃,250r／min,发酵时间22h。在此条件下,发酵液脂肪酶酶活最高达45．6U／mL,较发酵基本培养基发酵液的脂肪酶酶活提高了3．44倍。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).