同时检测新甲型H1N1及人季节性H1N1和H3N2流感病毒的单管多重荧光定量PCR方法

本研究设计的一种4重荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,以A型流感病毒各亚型的血凝素基因(HA)为检测靶标,实现了同时检测新甲型H1N1流感病毒、人季节性H1N1流感病毒和人季节性H3N2流感病毒。本法使用人细胞RNA酶P基因作为内参,以判断标本来源和实施质量控制。利用不同来源和亚型的流感病毒验证了该方法的特异性;利用连续稀释的新甲型H1N1流感病毒HA全基因体外转录物进行灵敏度分析。结果表明该方法灵敏度高,可检测低至20个拷贝的RNA;特异性强,每对引物只检测出对应的病毒,无交叉反应;并且成功地验证性检验了34份新甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性临床标本和20份人季节性H1N1和H3N2流感病毒及人乙型(HB)流感病毒阳性临床标本。因此,该多重荧光定量RT-PCR法是一种可同时检测2009年新甲型流感病毒及季节性流感病毒的有效方法。     

基于颜色判定的环介导逆转录等温扩增技术检测人甲型H1N1流感病毒基因

建立了一种基于颜色判定的简单、快速和灵敏的检测方法,即环介导逆转录等温核酸扩增技术(RT-LAMP)应用于人甲型H1N1流感病毒基因检测。该技术使用对应于人甲型H1N1流感病毒HA序列中8个基因区段的6条特异引物,在等温条件下(65℃)进行核酸扩增反应1.5h,在扩增前加入染料HNB(羟基萘酚蓝)作为反应指示剂,以HNB的颜色变化做为结果判定标准并经琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证。文中利用这种技术对不同来源及亚型的流感病毒进行了特异性分析,对体外转录的人甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因RNA的系列稀释物进行了灵敏度分析,成功检测美国CDC提供的人甲型H1N1流感病毒标准品,利用RT-LAMP和RT-PCR同时检测了30份人甲型H1N1和26份季节性流感咽拭子标本。结果显示RT-LAMP方法特异性高,灵敏度可达到60个拷贝RNA分子水平,对临床标本的检出率与常规RT-PCR法相当,利用650nm的比色分析通过标准曲线可以实现对样品的定量。因此,基于颜色判定的环介导逆转录等温扩增方法可用于人甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的快速筛选,具有在基层疾病预防控制中心流感监测网络实验室和哨点医院推广和应用的潜力。     

人3型副流感病毒滴度TaqMan实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

目的利用TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR(real-time RT-PCR)技术建立测定人3型副流感病毒培养物滴度的方法。方法根据人3型副流感病毒HN基因的保守序列设计引物及探针,采用10倍系列稀释的体外转录HN RNA为模板,建立定量标准曲线。验证方法的专属性、敏感性、重复性,并对人3型副流感病毒的病毒培养液滴度进行检测。结果建立的方法对HN RNA标准品的检出灵敏度为4.7 copies/μL,标准曲线相关系数为0.998,扩增效率为105%。标准品的实验内重复性CV均0.50%,实验间重复性CV3.60%。系列稀释HNRNA标准品在低温(-80℃)下保存3年后,所测标准曲线的斜率和截距差异均无统计学意义(P=0.673)。用该方法对人3型副流感病毒分离株LZ17、LZ1501和LZ1728进行检测,结果均为阳性,3个病毒分离株滴度检测重复性CV均10.00%;对7种呼吸道非人3型副流感病毒病原体检测均为阴性,表明该方法具有很高的专属性、敏感性和重复性。结论建立的TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术可以快速、准确地对人3型副流感病毒滴度进行检测。     

荧光定量RT-PCR检测甲型H1N1病毒核酸的临床意义

目的观察荧光定量RT-PCR技术在检测甲型H1N1病毒核酸的临床意义。方法对135例经确诊为甲型H1N1的感染患者的咽式子采用荧光定量PCR技术检测H1N1病毒核酸,同时对40例健康体检者的咽式子做为对照组一同进行甲型H1N1病毒核酸检测。结果 135例确诊为甲型H1N1的患者经荧光定量PCR检测阳性129例,符合率为96.99%。40例健康体检者结果全阴性。结论荧光定量PCR检测甲型H1N1病毒核酸具有快速、特异性高等特点,在采用此方法诊断甲型H1N1时,阳性即可确诊,阴性者要结合临床。     

荧光定量RT-PCR技术快速检测SARS病毒核酸

建立以特异性荧光探针为特点的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法用于检测严重急性呼吸道综合症病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome -associate coronavirus,SARS-CoV)核酸.筛选针对SARS病毒基因保守区域设计的引物与TaqMan探针,并对荧光定量RT-PCR反应体系与反应条件进行优化,验证本方法的特异性、敏感度与重复性. 实验结果表明本方法对SARS病毒核酸的检测具有高度特异性,与甲1型、甲3型、乙型流感病毒、禽流感病毒H5N1、麻疹及其他呼吸道病毒均无交叉反应;检测灵敏度达0.1TCID50;从病毒核酸提取至检测完成仅需3h左右,且操作简便,重复性好.本研究建立的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法特异、敏感、快速,适合于临床实验室进行SARS病毒的早期快速检测.     

荧光定量RT-PCR技术快速检测SARS病毒核酸

建立以特异性荧光探针为特点的TaqMan荧光定量RTPCR方法用于检测严重急性呼吸道综合症病毒(severeacuterespiratorysyndromeassociatecoronavirus,SARSCoV)核酸。筛选针对SARS病毒基因保守区域设计的引物与TaqMan探针,并对荧光定量RTPCR反应体系与反应条件进行优化,验证本方法的特异性、敏感度与重复性。实验结果表明:本方法对SARS病毒核酸的检测具有高度特异性,与甲1型、甲3型、乙型流感病毒、禽流感病毒H5N1、麻疹及其他呼吸道病毒均无交叉反应;检测灵敏度达0.1TCID50;从病毒核酸提取至检测完成仅需3h左右,且操作简便,重复性好。本研究建立的TaqMan荧光定量RTPCR方法特异、敏感、快速,适合于临床实验室进行SARS病毒的早期快速检测。     

甲型流感病毒流行毒株检测和分型基因芯片的研制

【目的】研制一种可同时对甲型流感病毒H1N1、H1N2、H3N2、H5N1和H9N2等5种流行亚型进行检测和分型的基因芯片。【方法】根据National Center for Biotechnology Information中Influenza Virus Resource数据库,针对H1N1、H1N2、H3N2、H5N1和H9N2等5种亚型甲型流感病毒的HA和NA基因设计46条特异性寡核苷酸探针和1条质控探针,点制成基因芯片。利用通用引物扩增流感病毒HA和NA基因,使用Klenow酶对扩增产物进行荧光标记和片段化,将标记后产物和芯片杂交,清洗、扫描后根据荧光信号判定检测结果。用18株不同种属来源的甲型流感病毒分离毒株和186份咽拭子对芯片特异性、敏感性和临床应用进行初步评价。【结果】所有18株分离毒株均能被芯片准确检测并分型,芯片检测灵敏度能达约1×104个病毒基因拷贝。同时8份咽拭子检测结果为H1N1阳性,4份咽拭子为H3N2阳性。【结论】研究表明该芯片具有较高的特异性和灵敏度,可为甲型流感病毒的监测提供一种有效的方法。     

蜜蜂克什米尔病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立和评价

蜜蜂克什米尔病毒(Kashmir bee virus,KBV)是一种高毒力的急性蜜蜂病毒,可以引起蜜蜂的死亡和蜂群崩溃.本研究旨在建立一种灵敏、快速检测KBV的TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法.参照GenBank中polymerase polyprotein有关基因序列,设计一组特异性引物和探针,并通过体外转录法制备RNA标准品作为阳性模板.在对反应体系进行优化的基础上,建立了 KBV的实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验、重复性试验和临床样本验证.结果显示:该方法能有效扩增8×100拷贝/μL～8×107拷贝/μL 的KBV标准品,建立的标准曲线呈现良好的线性关系.该方法的检测灵敏度为8拷贝/μL,对其他蜜蜂病毒不发生交叉反应,具有很好的特异性;重复性试验结果显示组内和组间的变异系数分别低于1％和2％,重复性良好.应用本研究建立方法与常规RT-PCR方法对样品进行检测,TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的特异性优于常规RT-PCR.本研究建立的实时荧光RT-PCR检测具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,为KBV的检测和流行病学调查提供技术支持.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因RT-LAMP检测方法的建立与初步应用

目的:建立反转录环介导等温扩增技术(RT-LAMP)检测甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因的方法,并用于检测临床样本.方法:通过在线软件Primer Explorer V4设计H1N1 HA基因的RT-LAMP引物,建立RT-LAMP检测方法,并评价其灵敏度和特异度.结果:与传统RT-PCR方法相比,RT-LAMP检测方法具备更高的灵敏度,达到10个拷贝,并且具有良好的特异性;在76份呼吸道感染儿童的咽拭子标本中检测到2份阳性,与RT-PCR方法检测结果相同.结论:建立的H1N1 RT-LAMP检测方法灵敏特异,简单快速,具备H1N1现场检测应用前景.     

中国内地首例确诊甲型H1N1流感病例的实验室检测

本实验室针对中国四川省一例输入性疑似甲型H1N1流感病例的临床咽拭子标本进行Real-time PCR和RT-PCR检测,并随后对部分基因片段进行测序,结果表明临床咽拭子标本为甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性,因此该疑似甲型H1N1流感病例成为中国内地首例确诊的甲型H1N1流感病例。     

PCR-derived ssDNA probes for fluorescent in situ hybridization to HIV-1 RNA.

We developed a simple and rapid technique to synthesize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes for fluorescent in situ hybridization (ISH) to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) RNA. The target HIV-1 regions were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were simultaneously labeled with dUTP. This product served as template for an optimized asymmetric PCR (one-primer PCR) that incorporated digoxigenin (dig)-labeled dUTP. The input DNA was subsequently digested by uracil DNA glycosylase, leaving intact, single-stranded, digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe. A cocktail of ssDNA probes representing 55% of the HIV-1 genome was hybridized to HIV-1-infected 8E5 T-cells and uninfected H9 T-cells. For comparison, parallel hybridizations were done with a plasmid-derived RNA probe mix covering 85% of the genome and a PCR-derived RNA probe mix covering 63% of the genome. All three probe types produced bright signals, but the best signal-to-noise ratios and the highest sensitivities were obtained with the ssDNA probe. In addition, the ssDNA probe syntheses generated large amounts of probe (0.5 to 1 microg ssDNA probe per synthesis) and were easier to perform than the RNA probe syntheses. These results suggest that ssDNA probes may be preferable to RNA probes for fluorescent ISH. (J Histochem Cytochem 48:285-293, 2000)     

Inhibition of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus replication by RNA oligonucleotides targeting NS1 gene

H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused widespread infections in poultry and wild birds, and has the potential to emerge as a pandemic threat to human. In order to explore novel approaches to inhibiting highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection, we have developed short RNA oligonucleotides, specific for conserved regions of the non-structural protein gene (NS1) of AIV. In vitro the hemagglutination (HA) titers in RNA oligonucleotide-treated cells were at least 5-fold lower than that of the control. In vivo, the treatment with three doses of RNA oligonucleotides protected the infected chickens from H5N1 virus-induced death at a rate of up to 87.5%. Plaque assay and real-time PCR analysis showed a significant reduction of the PFU and viral RNA level in the lung tissues of the infected animals treated with the mixed RNA oligonucleotides targeting the NS1 gene. Together, our findings revealed that the RNA oligonucleotides targeting at the AIV NS1 gene could potently inhibit avian H5N1 influenza virus reproduction and present a rationale for the further development of the RNA oligonucleotides as prophylaxis and therapy for highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in humans.     

The PDZ-binding motif of the avian NS1 protein affects transmission of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus

By nature of their segmented RNA genome, influenza A viruses (IAVs) have the potential to generate variants through a reassortment process. The influenza nonstructural (NS) gene is critical for a virus to counteract the antiviral responses of the host. Therefore, a newly acquired NS segment potentially determines the replication efficiency of the reassortant virus in a range of different hosts. In addition, the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM) has been suggested as a pathogenic determinant of IAVs. To gauge the pandemic potential from human and avian IAV reassortment, we assessed the replication properties of NS-reassorted viruses in cultured cells and in the lungs of mice and determined their transmissibility in guinea pigs. Compared with the recombinant A/Korea/01/2009 virus (rK09; 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain), the rK09/VN:NS virus, in which the NS gene was adopted from the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 virus (a human isolate of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus strains), exhibited attenuated virulence and reduced transmissibility. However, the rK09/VN:NS-PBM virus, harboring the PBM in the C-terminus of the NS1 protein, recovered the attenuated virulence of the rK09/VN:NS virus. In a guinea pig model, the rK09/VN:NS-PBM virus showed even greater transmission efficiency than the rK/09 virus. These results suggest that the PBM in the NS1 protein may determine viral persistence in the human and avian IAV interface.     

Development of an HTS assay for the search of anti-influenza agents targeting the interaction of viral RNA with the NS1 protein

The NS1 protein is a nonstructural protein encoded by the influenza A virus. It is responsible for many alterations produced in the cellular metabolism upon infection by the virus and for modulation of virus virulence. The NS1 protein is able to perform a large variety of functions due to its ability to bind various types of RNA molecules, from both viral and nonviral origin, and to interact with several cell factors. With the aim of exploring whether the binding of NS1 protein to viral RNA (vRNA) could constitute a novel target for the search of anti-influenza drugs, a filter-binding assay measuring the specific interaction between the recombinant His-NS1 protein from influenza A virus and a radiolabeled model vRNA (( 32)P-vNSZ) was adapted to a format suitable for screening and easy automation. Flashplate((R)) technology (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA), either in 96- or 384-well plates, was used. The Flashplate((R)) wells were precoated with the recombinant His-NS1 protein, and the binding of His-NS1 to a ( 35)S-vNSZ probe was measured. A pilot screening of a collection of 27,520 mixtures of synthetic chemical compounds was run for inhibitors of NS1 binding to vRNA. We found 3 compounds in which the inhibition of NS1 binding to vRNA, observed at submicromolar concentrations, was correlated with a reduction of the cytopathic effect during the infection of cell cultures with influenza virus. These results support the hypothesis that the binding of NS1 to vRNA could be a novel target for the development of anti-influenza drugs. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:581-590).     

深圳市首例人感染H5N1病毒病例的实验室诊断及分子特点分析

对深圳首例疑似人禽流感病人的标本,进行了RT-PCR、Real-time PCR检测及病毒分离培养、血清中和试验、抗原比检测及发病早期不同病程多份标本的病毒载量分析;对分离物进行了HA基因、NA基因及M基因的核酸检测.结果表明:患者气管吸出物的H5N1亚型和A型流感病毒的特异核酸均呈阳性,并通过细胞培养分离到禽流感病毒A/Guangdong/2/06(H5N1)株.气管吸取物病毒载量随着病程延长逐渐减少,而血清中和抗体水平逐渐上升达到1∶160之后又缓缓下降.A/Guangdong/2/06株8个片段的核苷酸序列显示,其与2005～2006年中国南部的禽流感分离株高度同源,与越南、泰国、印度尼西亚等分离到的禽流感分离株存在明显的差异.     

Diagnosis of influenza viruses with special reference to novel H1N1 2009 influenza virus

On 15 April and 17 April 2009, novel swineorigin influenza A (H1N1) virus was identifi ed in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the United States. The ongoing outbreak of novel H1N1 2009 influenza (swine influenza) has caused more than 3,99,232 laboratory confi rmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 and over 4735 deaths globally. This novel 2009 influenza virus designated as H1N1 A/swine/California/04/2009 virus is not zoonotic swine flu and is transmitted from person to person and has higher transmissibility then that of seasonal influenza viruses. In India the novel H1N1 virus infection has been reported from all over the country. A total of 68,919 samples from clinically suspected persons have been tested for influenza A H1N1 across the country and 13,330 (18.9%) of them have been found positive with 427 deaths. At the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi India, we tested 1096 clinical samples for the presence of novel H1N1 influenza virus and seasonal influenza viruses. Of these 1096 samples, 194 samples (17.7%) were positive for novel H1N1 influenza virus and 197 samples (18%) were positive for seasonal influenza viruses. During outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases accurate and rapid diagnosis is critical for minimizing further spread through timely implementation of appropriate vaccines and antiviral treatment. Since the symptoms of novel H1N1 influenza infection are not specifi c, laboratory confi rmation of suspected cases is of prime importance.     

H1N1流感病毒聚合酶片段的CpG抑制及其对密码子偏爱性的影响

H1N1流感病毒的聚合酶具有RNA复制、转录等功能,并且对流感病毒片段包装、子代繁殖及宿主适应性等有着重要作用。通过分析人、猪及禽类H1N1流感病毒聚合酶片段的二核苷酸频率及同义密码子的偏爱性,发现不同宿主中,流感病毒聚合酶片段的CpG频率最低,且均被强烈抑制;通过三类宿主间的比较发现,人流感病毒抑制最为强烈,且其CpG频率随年份呈下降趋势,但2009年毒株的CpG频率突然上升。比较同义密码子使用频率发现,含有CpG的同义密码子相对使用频率均小于1,证明CpG抑制作用是影响同义密码子偏爱性的一个重要因素。以上结果暗示,CpG抑制对H1N1流感病毒的进化及跨宿主传播可能有重要影响。