荧光定量RT-PCR技术快速检测SARS病毒核酸

建立以特异性荧光探针为特点的TaqMan荧光定量RTPCR方法用于检测严重急性呼吸道综合症病毒(severeacuterespiratorysyndromeassociatecoronavirus,SARSCoV)核酸。筛选针对SARS病毒基因保守区域设计的引物与TaqMan探针,并对荧光定量RTPCR反应体系与反应条件进行优化,验证本方法的特异性、敏感度与重复性。实验结果表明:本方法对SARS病毒核酸的检测具有高度特异性,与甲1型、甲3型、乙型流感病毒、禽流感病毒H5N1、麻疹及其他呼吸道病毒均无交叉反应;检测灵敏度达0.1TCID50;从病毒核酸提取至检测完成仅需3h左右,且操作简便,重复性好。本研究建立的TaqMan荧光定量RTPCR方法特异、敏感、快速,适合于临床实验室进行SARS病毒的早期快速检测。     

呼吸道合胞病毒TaqMan探针实时定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

目的:建立呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)核酸特异、快速、敏感的TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对临床样本进行检测。方法:比对编码RSV非编码蛋白的基因序列,选取其保守片段设计引物和探针,建立实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,并与传统RT-PCR方法进行比较,分别对两者的灵敏性、特异性、重复性及临床样本检验的适用性进行评价。结果:所建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法可用于RSV的特异性检测。相对于传统RT-PCR方法100拷贝/反应的检测灵敏度,实时荧光定量RT-PCR的检测灵敏度达到10拷贝/反应,检测范围为1010~101拷贝/反应,且具有良好的特异性和重复性。从169份临床呼吸道标本中检出RSV阳性40例,高于普通PCR方法(31/169)。结论:建立了RSV的TaqMan探针实时定量PCR检测方法,并可用于临床鼻咽拭子样本的检测,在临床上具有较好的应用前景。     

埃可病毒9型荧光RT-PCR快速检测方法的建立及应用

为了建立特异、灵敏、快速的荧光定量RT-PCR方法用于检测埃可病毒9型病毒核酸,并初步应用于埃可病毒9型的临床标本检测。根据GenBank登录的埃可病毒9型毒株VP1基因序列,应用生物学软件进行序列比对,在保守区设计特异性引物和TaqMan探针。对反应条件进行优化,验证方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,同时对疑似埃可病毒9型病例标本进行检测。该方法对埃可病毒9型的检出有高度特异性,与EV71、CA16、CA24v、CA6、CA10、埃可病毒30型等均无交叉反应,检测灵敏度均达0.1TCID50/mL,可从疑似埃可病例粪便标本中直接检测病毒核酸,检测仅需3~4h。本研究建立的埃可病毒9型TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法特异、灵敏,适用于临床早期诊断。     

TaqMan-MGB荧光定量RT-PCR技术快速检测H5亚型禽流感病毒

建立以TaqMan-MGB荧光探针为特点的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,用于检测H5亚型禽流感病毒.针对H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因保守区域设计特异性引物与TaqMan-MGB荧光探针,筛选并优化荧光定量RT-PCR反应体系与反应条件,用以提高方法的特异性、敏感性与准确性;并通过体外克隆技术建立病毒基因拷贝数进行定量分析.结果表明引物与探针的优化浓度分别640nmol/L和480nmol/L,体系具有良好的保守性和特异性,与其他呼吸道病毒均无交叉反应.方法检测灵敏度为100拷贝/反应,标准曲线线性范围为107～102拷贝/反应,从病毒核酸提取至检测完成仅需3h左右,操作简便,重现性好.本研究建立的TaqMan-MGB荧光定量PCR方法特异、敏感、快速,适合于临床实验室进行H5亚型禽流感病毒的快速定量检测.     

TaqMan—MGB荧光定量RT-PCR技术快速检测H5亚型禽流感病毒

建立以TaqMan-MGB荧光探针为特点的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,用于检测H5亚型禽流感病毒。针对H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因保守区域设计特异性引物与TaqMan-MGB荧光探针,筛选并优化荧光定量RT-PCR反应体系与反应条件,用以提高方法的特异性、敏感性与准确性;并通过体外克隆技术建立病毒基因拷贝数进行定量分析。结果表明:引物与探针的优化浓度分别640nmol/L和480nmol/L,体系具有良好的保守性和特异性,与其他呼吸道病毒均无交叉反应。方法检测灵敏度为100拷贝/反应,标准曲线线性范围为107～102拷贝/反应,从病毒核酸提取至检测完成仅需3h左右,操作简便,重现性好。本研究建立的TaqMan-MGB荧光定量PCR方法特异、敏感、快速,适合于临床实验室进行H5亚型禽流感病毒的快速定量检测。     

双重荧光定量一步RT-PCR法同时检测GⅠ、GⅡ型诺如病毒

建立一种可同时检测诺如病毒GⅠ和GⅡ型的双重荧光定量一步法RT-PCR方法。应用针对GⅠ型和GⅡ型诺如病毒的特异性引物以及Taqman探针,优化反应体系及条件,建立双重荧光定量一步法RT-PCR方法。对该方法的灵敏度、特异性、重复性进行评估,并对粪便标本进行检测,以传统RT-PCR方法作为参考评价此方法。结果表明,该方法特异性强,与肠道腺病毒、轮状病毒、星状病毒均无交叉反应,对GⅠ和GⅡ型诺如病毒核酸的最低检出限分别可达103拷贝/μL,具有很好的重复性。对100份粪便标本进行检测,诺如病毒的阳性率为31%,其中GⅠ型为3%,GⅡ型为28%,而传统RT-PCR法的检出率为22%。本文建立的双重荧光定量一步RT-PCR法能同时对GI和GII型诺如病毒进行快速检测,其灵敏度高、特异性好,可应用于胃肠炎病人中检测诺如病毒。     

猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立快速、敏感、特异的猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,对SIV病毒核酸进行定量检测。方法RT—PCR扩增SIVmac251保守gag基因序列796bp片段,进行TA克隆,构建标准品质粒pMD—SIVgag。通过对SIV定量外标准品的定量分析,优化反应体系,检测TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR方法的灵敏度、特异性和重复性。结果所建立的SIVQPCR检测方法,质粒DNA模板在10’～10。拷贝之间表现较好线性和相关性,标准曲线所得斜率为-3．26,相关系数为0．999。检测灵敏度达到200拷贝,方法重复性测试,检测25份临床样品CV％均小于1％。结论建立的SIVQPCR检测方法特异性、敏感性高,稳定性好,可用于定量测定猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）核酸拷贝量。     

SARS冠状病毒实时荧光RT-PCR定量检测

为建立一种快速、准确、特异的SARS病毒RNA定量检测方法,根据复合探针荧光定量分析原理,对SARS病毒核酸进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测.借助计算机辅助,对SARS病毒基因靶序列以及检测引物和探针进行了优化筛选;利用体外转录SARS病毒RNA靶序列,对RT-PCR反应的镁离子浓度参数进行了优化;比较Trizol法、磁珠法、Qiagen法、煮沸法等4种方法提取RNA的检测效果,建立了样本处理方法;通过对构建的体外转录靶序列模型的检测,对本方法的灵敏度、特异性、定量线性关系、精确度等进行了评价,并通过对42例临床标本的检测对本方法的检测效果进行了评估. 通过克隆SARS病毒核酸靶序列并进行体外转录,获得了长度约1.2 kb的体外转录RNA靶序列;经优化,荧光RT-PCR反应液中的Mg²⁺浓度以4.0 mmol/L为最好;RNA提取方法采用磁珠法效果较好;本方法的检测灵敏度最低可达5个拷贝的体外转录RNA分子,特异性100%,C_t值的CV值小于5%.对临床确诊的42份SARS病人血清和漱口水标本的检测结果表明,该方法的检出率为79%,与荧光抗体检测法的符合率为70%.上述结果表明,该方法建立的荧光定量RT-PCR技术能够快速准确、特异、敏感地对SARS病毒核酸进行定量分析,为临床SARS冠状病毒RNA的检测提供了新的,更为有效的检测方法.     

蜜蜂克什米尔病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立和评价

蜜蜂克什米尔病毒(Kashmir bee virus,KBV)是一种高毒力的急性蜜蜂病毒,可以引起蜜蜂的死亡和蜂群崩溃.本研究旨在建立一种灵敏、快速检测KBV的TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法.参照GenBank中polymerase polyprotein有关基因序列,设计一组特异性引物和探针,并通过体外转录法制备RNA标准品作为阳性模板.在对反应体系进行优化的基础上,建立了 KBV的实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验、重复性试验和临床样本验证.结果显示:该方法能有效扩增8×100拷贝/μL～8×107拷贝/μL 的KBV标准品,建立的标准曲线呈现良好的线性关系.该方法的检测灵敏度为8拷贝/μL,对其他蜜蜂病毒不发生交叉反应,具有很好的特异性;重复性试验结果显示组内和组间的变异系数分别低于1％和2％,重复性良好.应用本研究建立方法与常规RT-PCR方法对样品进行检测,TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的特异性优于常规RT-PCR.本研究建立的实时荧光RT-PCR检测具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,为KBV的检测和流行病学调查提供技术支持.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸荧光定量RT-PCR检测技术

目的:建立基于TaqMan荧光探针技术的甲型H1N1流感病毒实时定量RT-PCR方法。方法:分析H1N1流感病毒基因特性,根据新发甲型H1N1流感病毒突变基因片段设计检测引物和TaqMan荧光探针,建立荧光定量RT-PCR检测体系,体外转录制备RNA标准品,进行特异性、敏感性、重复性及盲样检测评价实验。结果:可特异性有效检测新发甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸,与H1～H16流感病毒基因无交叉反应;对RNA标准品的检测敏感性达103拷贝/μL;重复性实验中,阳性标准品Ct值变异系数(CV)10%,阴性标准品检测结果均呈阴性;12份盲样检测结果特异性好。结论:该荧光定量RT-PCR方法可作为甲型H1N1流感防控的病原快速诊断技术。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.