云南两种食用地衣营养成分研究

测定云南两种食用地衣的主要营养成分 ,并与常见蔬菜及食用菌进行比较。测定结果 ,东方肺衣粗蛋白质含量为 11 0 2 g/ 10 0 g .DW ,粗脂肪 5 5 6 g/ 10 0g .DW ,总糖、可溶性糖、灰分含量分别为 0 6 2g/ 10 0 g、0 37g/ 10 0g、2 6 4g/ 10 0 g .DW ;裂髓树花 (新拟 )的粗蛋白质含量为 3 43g/ 10 0g .DW ,粗脂肪3 12 g/ 10 0g .DW ,总糖、可溶性糖、灰分含量分别为 0 79g/ 10 0 g、0 35g/ 10 0 g、2 99g/ 10 0 g .DW ;两种地衣均含有 17种氨基酸 (色氨酸未测 ) ,多种矿物元素 ,具有一定营养价值 ;且两种地衣营养成分的含量存在差异     

云南12种食用竹笋营养成分研究

对云南省12种食用竹笋营养成分的系统分析测定,并与10种常用蔬菜进行比较,结果显示:12种竹笋的粗蛋白质含量为1.73～3.09g/100g·FW,粗脂肪、总糖、可溶性糖、粗纤维、灰分含量分别为0.15～0.26g/100g·FW、0.29～1.07g/100g·FW、0.21～0.84g/100g·FW、0.90～1.43g/100g·FW和0.68～1.23g/100g·FW;含17～18种氨基酸、多种矿物元素和维生素,且含量丰富,是营养价值较高的蔬菜之一,具有较好的营养保健作用。营养成分的含量在种间存在差异。     

SDE—GC—MS分析红雪茶和白雪茶的挥发性成分

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)分别从红雪茶和白雪茶中提取它们的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法定性,峰面积归一化法定量,并和相同处理过程的普通绿茶青山绿水相比较.实验结果表明:红雪茶和白雪茶在组成及含量上有很多相似之处,而和绿茶差异较大.     

百合珠芽与鳞茎营养成分及活性成分研究

对百合珠芽及鳞茎的营养成分及活性成分进行了分析和比较。采用国标法对百合珠芽及鳞茎的营养成分进行了分析;采用比色法对百合珠芽及鳞茎的活性成分进行了分析。基本营养成分分析表明,与百合鳞茎相比,百合珠芽中粗纤维和粗脂肪含量具有显著性差异(P0.05),粗脂肪含量低,粗纤维含量高,总糖、粗蛋白和灰分含量无显著性差异;元素分析结果表明,百合珠芽和鳞茎富含多种营养元素,其中钾含量较高,分别为1 943.52 mg/100g(DW)和2 026.15 mg/100g(DW);氨基酸分析表明,百合珠芽及鳞茎中氨基酸组成基本一致,脯氨酸含量最高,分别为2 260 mg/100g(DW)和2 010 mg/100g(DW);活性成分分析结果表明,与百合鳞茎相比,百合珠芽中总酚、总黄酮、生物碱及皂苷含量具有显著性差异(P0.05),珠芽中总酚、总黄酮及皂苷含量高,生物碱含量低,珠芽及鳞茎中总酚含量分别为1 025.86 mg/100g(DW)和875.52 mg/100g(DW)。百合珠芽和鳞茎皆营养丰富,从资源开发利用与营养学角度分析,百合珠芽具有重要的开发价值与应用前景。     

红柄白鹃梅营养成分的分析

对红柄白鹃梅嫩茎、幼叶和花蕾等器官不同部位的粗脂肪、可溶性蛋白、粗纤维、可溶性糖、维生素C的含量进行了分析测定.结果表明红柄白鹃梅粗纤维含量丰富,达4.45g.100g-1,可溶性糖的含量较低为2.16g.100-g1,粗脂肪和维生素C的含量适中,分别为0.69g.100g-1和32mg.100-g1,可溶性蛋白质的含量较低,为0.317g.100g-1.红柄白鹃梅富含营养成分,是一种极具开发利用价值的木本野生蔬菜.     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子营养化学成分的研究

对不同居群的胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子营养化学成分进行分析,结果表明,胡杨种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的含量分别为9～12g·kg-1、38～44g·kg-1、21～62g·kg-1、1.9～2.3g·kg-1;灰叶胡杨种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的含量分别为9～10g·kg-1、38～48g·kg-1、14～41g·kg-1、2.3～2.5g·kg-1.胡杨、灰叶胡杨不同居群种子中大量元素含量均以N最高,分别为6.0～6.9g·kg-1、6.3～7.6g·kg-1;微量元素含量排序一致,依次为Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cd.统计分析表明,不同居群种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量均呈现极显著差异;而淀粉与微量元素含量除一些差异不显著外,其余均达显著或极显著水平.     

美国黄松、班克松和油松的抗寒性比较

通过人工冰冻和电导率的测定,对黄土丘陵沟壑区引种载培的美国黄松、班克松和乡土树种油松的抗寒性进行了鉴定,并探讨其抗寒机理.结果表明,班克松的抗寒性比油松强,而美国黄松的抗寒性比油松稍弱.班克松的束缚水/自由水比值高达7.0,组织中ABA含量高达164.3 μg·g^-1 FW;但可溶性糖和K⁺含量较低,分别为12.0%和2 450 μg·g^-1 DW.油松则是可溶性糖、K⁺和ABA含量都较高,分别为18.68%、4 538 μg·g^-1 DW和95.8 μg·g^-1 FW;束缚水/自由水比值较低,为2.58.美国黄松的可溶性糖含量较高,18.05％;但束缚水/自由水比值、K⁺和ABA含量都较低,分别为2.18、2 275 μg·g^-1 DW和63.3 μg·g^-1 FW,可能是其抗寒性较弱的内在原因.班克松较低的叶绿素含量和较高的类胡萝卜素/叶绿素比值对其抗寒性也有贡献.说明3种树种虽然都是抗寒树种,但其内在机理仍有差异.     

几种树木枯叶分解速率的试验研究

 本文对几种树木的枯叶分解速率进行了研究,结果表明枯叶的分解速率因树种不同而异。一年的失重率刺槐、山杏、侧柏、元宝槭、黄栌分别为54%、64%、78%、73%、65%。应用指数衰减模型计算枯叶的年腐解率,刺槐、山杏、侧柏、元宝械、黄栌分别为0.490g／(g·a)、0.597g／(g·a),0.990g／(g·a)、0.800g／(g·a)、0.662g／(g·a)。根据枯叶的化学成分分析表明,枯叶的失重,首先是由粗脂肪,可溶性糖、丹宁,有机碳等的丧失所引起。枯叶在一年的分解过程中,碳、氮含量比值随时间的推移而下降。     

红雪茶基源种的鉴定及资源分布

本研究通过对红雪茶基源种进行考证,并结合品种鉴定及野外生态调查,结果表明,红雪茶的基源种应为金丝刷（Lethariella cladonioides）和金丝带（L.zahlbruckneri）,在这两个种群内,存在化学多态现象。市售的“红雪茶”主要由这两个种的四个化学宗所组成。红雪茶的分布中心主要在藏东南,滇西北及川西地区,目前红雪茶的资源已经受到了极大的破坏,日渐濒危。为加强对野生红雪茶资源的有效保护,提出了开展红雪茶种质资源保护的建议。     

组培苗鲜罗汉果与干罗汉果营养成分的分析和比较

对组培苗鲜罗汉果与干罗汉果提取物的营养成分进行分析和比较研究,分别测定了蛋白质、脂肪、总糖、碳水化合物、灰分、矿质元素、维生素E和氨基酸含量。结果表明:组培苗鲜罗汉果和干罗汉果蛋白质含量分别为22.23%、19.8%,氨基酸总量分别为12.51%、8.36%,其中人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量分别为38.13%、36.36%,矿质元素含量分别为1081mg/100g、1089mg/100g,维生素E含量分别为0.183mg/100g、0.589mg/100g。组培苗鲜罗汉果的蛋白质、氨基酸含量比组培苗干罗汉果分别高2.43%、4.15%,碳水化合物、维生素E含量组培苗干罗汉果比组培苗鲜罗汉果分别高2.44%、0.406mg/100g,矿质元素、粗脂肪、总糖、灰分等含量两者不存在明显差异。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.