芦竹内生真菌F0238细胞生长及其代谢调控*

对芦竹内生真菌F0238的细胞生长和代谢产曲酸量进行了代谢调控。结果表明,F0238生长及产曲酸的营养和环境条件为:PDA培养基,8%淀粉为碳源,0.2%蛋白胨为N源,发酵温度28℃,初始pH值为6.5,发酵时间5d/(120h),装液量80mL/500mL三角瓶。在摇瓶试验的基础上,对该菌发酵过程作了初步放大试验(10L全自动发酵罐),得到F0238发酵过程的动态曲线。动态曲线反映了在一个发酵周期内,发酵液的pH值、DO值及残糖的降低趋势和生物量与抗菌产物量的上升趋势。     

氨水中和Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp．1actis BME5-18M发酵生成L-乳酸铵的研究

实验确定了Lacobacillus delbrueckii subsp．lactis BME5-18M接种的最佳种龄为24h。以氨水取代传统的中和剂碳酸钙中和发酵生成的乳酸、调控发酵液的pH,考察了不同pH值对菌体生长和产酸的影响,确定了菌种生长和产酸的较适pH值为6．5。考察了底物流加速度对菌种生长和产酸的影响,对间歇和流加发酵时菌体的生长量和产酸量进行了动力学关联。在较适pH值6．5和较佳流加速度25mL／h条件下,乳酸的产量可达到136．8g／L,产率为1．71g/(L．h)。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌产生抗生素的培养基及条件

本对嗜线虫致病杆菌（Xenorhadbus nematophilus）产生抗生素的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了研究,同时对该菌代谢过程pH值、还原糖、总糖、氨基氮与抗生素产量的关系进行了分析,通过筛选该菌对碳源和氮源的要求,用正交试验初步确定了该菌产素的最佳发酵培养基和条件为：玉米粉1％,大豆粉3％,蔗糖1％,蛋白胨1.5％,KH2PO40.02％,MgSO40.2％,活化剂T0.1％;发酵培养基的起始pH值在6.0－8.0,种龄16h,接种量4％,500mL摇瓶装量15－150mL的条件下培养72h可获得较高的抗生素产量;产素量与菌代谢过程中pH、还原糖、总糖和氨基氮的变化有一定关系,通过培养基和培养条件的研究使该菌的产抗生素能力提高了56.3％。     

产酸丙酸杆菌生长特性及5L罐发酵动力学研究

论文在摇瓶水平对产酸丙酸杆菌基本生长特性（温度、pH、摇床转速、接种量、种龄等）、碳源、氮源利用情况、产物抑制及5 L罐发酵动力学进行了研究。结果表明,该菌在32℃,初始pH 6．5,摇床转速150 r/min,接种24 h的种子液,接种量为5％条件下,产酸丙酸杆菌生长及产酸水平达最高值;该菌可利用碳源十分广泛,但对氮源要求比较高,只可利用有机氮源;在不同初始葡萄糖浓度下,产酸丙酸杆菌生长及产酸水平差异不大,无明显底物抑制现象;在2g/L的初始丙酸盐浓度下,该菌生长受到明显抑制;在5L发酵罐中,初始葡萄糖浓度为58．8 g/L,发酵72 h,葡萄糖消耗完全,丙酸终浓度达22．4 g/L,丙酸得率和产率分别达0．381 g/g和0．295 g/（L·h）,丙酸占总酸比例达72．10％。     

氨水中和Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.lactis BME5-18M发酵生成L-乳酸铵的研究

实验确定了Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.lactis BME5-18M接种的最佳种龄为24h.以氨水取代传统的中和剂碳酸钙中和发酵生成的乳酸、调控发酵液的pH,考察了不同pH值对菌体生长和产酸的影响,确定了菌种生长和产酸的较适pH值为6.5.考察了底物流加速度对菌种生长和产酸的影响,对间歇和流加发酵时菌体的生长量和产酸量进行了动力学关联.在较适pH值6.5和较佳流加速度25mL/h条件下,乳酸的产量可达到136.8g/L,产率为1.71 g/(L·h).     

VC二步发酵产酸菌氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌的选育

实验通过紫外线两轮诱变的方法诱变选育氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌（Gluconobacter oxydans）,以实现提高2-酮基-L-古龙酸（2-KLG）产量的目的,获得1株高产2-KLG的菌株G5。结果证明该突变菌株在pH6．5—6．7的发酵培养基中与蜡质芽孢杆菌（Bcillus cereus）混合发酵,G5的平均糖酸转化率提高了13．49％,酸量达到83．6mg／mL,发酵周期缩短了2—3h。经连续10代转接发酵实验,证明其产酸稳定性较好。结论：氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌（Gluconobacter oxydans）的突变体G5提高了糖酸转化率,缩短了发酵周期。     

氨水中和Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp. lactis BME5-18M发酵生成L-乳酸铵的研究*

实验确定了Lactobacillusdelbrueckiisubsp lactisBME5-18M接种的最佳种龄为24h。以氨水取代传统的中和剂碳酸钙中和发酵生成的乳酸、调控发酵液的pH ,考察了不同pH值对菌体生长和产酸的影响 ,确定了菌种生长和产酸的较适pH值为 6.5。考察了底物流加速度对菌种生长和产酸的影响 ,对间歇和流加发酵时菌体的生长量和产酸量进行了动力学关联。在较适pH值 6.5和较佳流加速度 25mL/h条件下 ,乳酸的产量可达到 136.8g/L ,产率为1.     

以掷孢酵母作为伴生菌产生VC前体KGA的研究

以掷孢酵母作为伴生菌与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌组成新混菌体系,通过测定生长代谢曲线,对其产酸性能和特点进行了研究。结果表明：相同条件下,新菌系产酸能力高于现有菌系,酸量增加5-7mg/ml,发酵周期缩短6-8h,酸转化率提高3-4%,最高产酸点pH值下降约0.5个单位,表现出较大的产酸潜力和可修饰性。     

双歧杆菌生长和代谢过程的研究

研究了双歧杆菌在两种培养基（牛乳培养基和肉汤培养基）中的生长和代谢的规律,测定了厌氧发酵过程中菌体生长及基质消耗曲线,探索了在发酵过程中流加碱调节ｐＨ值以提高产菌量的途径。     

海洋真菌Asteromyces sp.TM76木聚糖酶生产初步研究

研究了海洋真菌Asteromyces sp．TM76的生长动力学和发酵产酶情况。在生长培养基中,TM76菌的最大比生长速率为1．875（1／d）,倍增时间为8．87h;TM76发酵过程中所产木聚糖酶有两个生产高峰,第7d,有最大木聚糖酶活力470．5U／mL。发酵起始pH为6．5时对产酶最佳。酶学性质研究表明该菌所产木聚糖酶的最适反应pH和温度分别为6．5和55℃,在不同温度保温1h,测定酶的半失活温度为63℃。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.