木霉菌株T6木聚糖酶固态发酵条件和酶学性质研究

研究了碳源和氮源、起始pH、接种量及温度等条件对一野生型木霉Trichodermasp.T6菌株固态发酵产木聚糖酶的影响。在28℃培养4d后,酶活力可达1918IU／g干培养物。酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH4．5。不同温度保温1h后,测定酶的半失活温度为47．7℃,酶的pH稳定性也进行了研究。     

黑曲霉A3菌株木聚糖酶粗酶制剂的制备和性质

本文研究了黑曲霉（AspergillusnigerA3）菌株固体发酵培养的产酶过程,发酵3d产木聚糖酶活最高,固体曲最适浸提比为1：7（W／V）,通过60％～65％饱和度的硫酸按盐析,获得的木聚糖酶活力最高。冻干酶粉活力为15400u/g,得率为71％,40℃烘干酶粉活力为15395U／g,得率为51％,酶反应最适温度55℃,最适pH4．6,保温1h半失活温度（t1／2）为54℃,酶对四种不同底物半纤维素水解作用的亲合性为鼓皮最强,稻草最弱。     

木霉菌株T6木聚糖酶固态发酵条件和酶学性质研究

研究了碳源和氮源、起始pH、接种量及温度等条件对一野生型木霉Trichoderma sp.T6菌株固态发酵产木聚糖酶的影响。在28℃培养4d后,酶活力可达1918IU/g干培养物。酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH4.5。不同温度保温1h后,测定酶的半失活温度为47.7℃,酶的pH稳定性也进行了研究。     

木霉菌株T6木聚糖酶固态发酵条件和酶学性质研究*

研究了碳源和氮源、起始pH、接种量及温度等条件对一野生型木霉Trichoderma sp.T6菌株固态发酵产木聚糖酶的影响。在28℃培养4d后,酶活力可达1918IU/g干培养物。酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH4.5。不同温度保温1h后,测定酶的半失活温度为47.7℃,酶的pH稳定性也进行了研究。     

产木聚糖酶菌株的选育及其液体发酵条件

从土壤中筛出一株生长快产木聚糖酶活力较高的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)C—2菌株,经紫外线和甲基磺酸乙酯诱变,获得一突变株An—76,其生长减缓,孢子形成能力减弱,产生的术聚糖酶和β—木糖苷酶活力分别可达353．61U／ml和4．51U／ml。测定了An—76的正常产酶曲线,研究了麸皮、氮源、碳源及半纤维素浓度对产酶的影响。最适培养条件为：起始pH6.0、28℃、96h。酶的最适作用条件为50—55℃,pH4．8,在pHl．2—11．4范围内稳定。酶的热稳定性较差,55℃保温1小时,剩余活力为40％。只有在含木糖苷类物质存在时,An—76才大量合成木聚糖酶。     

菊糖酶发酵生产条件的研究

脆壁克鲁维氏酵母（Kluyveromycesfragilis）在pH5．5的适当培养基中,28℃摇瓶培养30h后,进行分批发酵。结果表明：发酵初始pH为6．0～6．5,菊糖浓度为2％,接种量4％,控制前期发酵温度为28℃,33h后发酵温度为32～34℃。发酵周期为70h左右,最高产酶达240u／ml。在5L自控发酵罐中,产酶达到同样水平,发酵周期缩短约10h。     

里氏木霉GXC木聚糖酶的研究

研究了里氏木霉GXC产木聚糖酶的条件和酶学性质。结果表明,适宜产酶碳源为乳糖、甘露糖、棉子糖、木聚糖和麸皮,氮源为牛肉膏和酵母膏;产酶的最适初始pH为4．0,30℃培养60h。对以麸皮为碳源的培养液进行纯化的酶特性研究表明,木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50℃,pH为5．5,该酶在pH5．0－7．0和40℃以下相对稳定。Fe^2 和Mn^2 对木聚糖酶有较大的促进作用,Cu^2 、Fe^2 具有抑制作用。     

中度嗜盐菌产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

中度嗜盐菌在盐碱环境下生长繁殖,其产生的木聚糖酶也同样具有在盐碱环境下发挥作用的特性。本文对一株中度嗜盐菌的产木聚糖酶活性进行了初步研究。研究包括氮源、液体种子接种量、培养温度、pH值、培养时间等因素对该菌株产木聚糖酶能力的影响。结果表明,最佳培养氮源为蛋白胨;最佳产生木聚糖酶的发酵条件是液体种子接种量为6%,温度为35℃,pH值7,培养时间为4 d。     

绿色糖单孢菌降解木质纤维胞外酶的分泌条件及其生物漂白研究

以一株耐热耐碱放线菌-绿色糖单孢菌（Saccharomonospora viridis）为研究对象,探讨其产胞外木素过氧化物酶、木聚糖酶、纤维素酶的优化发酵条件。结果表明,其最佳碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨,最佳接种量为1％,不同的诱导底物对三种木质纤维降解酶有不同的诱导效果,其中麦草浆的诱导效果最好。在培养基中添加0．01mol／L的Mn^2＋和0．1％的土温80能够显著促进木质纤维降解酶的产生。在pH8．0,45℃条件下,培养120h后木素过氧化物酶的酶活达到最大0．36U／mL,培养156h后木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的酶活达到最大,最高酶活分别为18．46U／mL,10．42u／mL。用含有这三种酶的粗酶液对麦草烧碱蒽醌浆进行生物漂白表明,绿色糖单孢菌所产的木质纤维降解酶具有较好的漂白效果。     

Aspergillus sp.脂肪酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质的研究

作者为了得到一种热稳定性较好的脂肪酶新酶种,通过研究分离白极端环境的Aspergillus sp．的最佳产酶条件及其所产脂肪酶的酶学性质,得出了该菌产酶的最佳发酵条件为：以1％黄豆饼粉为氮源、0．2％玉米淀粉为碳源,1．5％橄榄油为诱导物,起始pH6．0左右。装量10mL（250mL三角瓶。摇瓶转速180r／min）、发酵时间为96h。在最佳发酵条件下可得最大发酵酶活36U/mL。Aspergillus sp．所产的脂肪酶的酶学性质是：最适pH为9．0,在pH5．0—10．0于20℃下放置24h后,残余酶活仍保持在起始酶活的90％以上;该酶的最适温度为50℃,50℃保温60min后仍保留70％以上的酶活。Aspergillus sp．所产脂肪酶的热稳定性较好。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various