流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)全长感染性克隆的制备及恢复病毒的获得

根据JEV病毒减毒株SA14—14—2基因组序列,设计覆盖全长的4对重叠引物,以提取的活疫苗病毒RNA为模板,RT—PCR扩增出4个片段,并克隆到质粒载体中,进一步构建两个半端分子克隆,然后将全长cDNA序列克隆到一个新改造的低拷贝质粒载体pBR—kpn中,构建我国流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)基因组全长cDNA克隆。经过体外转录后得到的转录子转染BHK-21细胞,重新获得JEV的恢复病毒,通过生物学特性、分子生物学水平、蛋白水平等几个方面对恢复病毒进行鉴定。结果获得了稳定的全长cDNA克隆,转录子转染BHK-21细胞后,第4天开始出现细胞病变(CPE),第6～7天时CPE为 ,经过Vero细胞进一步放大培养后,间接免疫荧光实验和RT—PCR实验均为阳性。证实了构建的JEV的全长cDNA克隆有感染性,为进一步的研究奠定了基础。     

犬瘟热病毒小熊猫株反向遗传系统的构建及其鉴定

以驯化致弱的犬瘟热病毒小熊猫株(Canine distemper virus,CDV)为模板,构建犬痘热病毒感染性cDNA克隆.对其全基因组序列测定后,用RT-PCR的方法获得组成全长基因的7个片段,通过酶切、拼接将7段CDVcDNA序列插入到真核表达载体pCI的MCS上,构建犬瘟热病毒小熊猫株的全长cDNA质粒(pCI-CDV-LP),同时分别克隆CDV小熊猫株N、P、L蛋白ORF构建三个辅助质粒.酶切鉴定和序列测定表明,pCI载体中插入的核酶及CDV cDNA序列正确无误,使用转染试剂Lipofectamine TM 2000将全长质粒和三个辅助质粒共转染中国仓鼠肾细胞(BSR),经RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光和病毒感染VERO-SLAM细胞试验鉴定,成功拯救出CDV小熊猫株,显示CDV小熊猫株反向遗传系统构建完成,为犬瘟热病毒致病机理及免疫研究奠定基础.     

口蹄疫病毒O/QYYS/s/06株感染性克隆的构建

本研究在完成FMDVO/QYYS/s/06株全基因组序列测定的基础上,分3段对全基因组进行克隆,其后将各片段克隆到载体P43中,从而获得携带O/QYYS/s/06株基因组全长cDNA的重组质粒P43C。将重组质粒P43C与表达RNA聚合酶的质粒T7共转染BHK-21细胞,48h后收获培养液接种2~3d乳鼠,取经乳鼠传代后的第4代病毒液,经反向间接血凝、中和试验和测序等方法证明拯救的病毒为O型FMDV。以上结果表明,O/QYYS/s/06株全长cDNA分子克隆的构建成功。     

表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的构建

为探讨鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)作为载体表达外源基因的可行性,本研究根据IBV H120疫苗株的全基因组序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法分10个片段对其基因组进行扩增,并克隆至pMD19-T载体中;同时构建IBV基因组5a基因编码区被增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因替换的重组质粒。采用体外拼接策略,将BsaI酶切处理的10个基因片段顺序连接,构建5a基因编码区被EGFP基因替换的基因组全长cDNA,其5’端具有完整的T7 RNA聚合酶启动子核心序列,3’端具有polyA尾巴结构。然后通过T7 RNA聚合酶体外转录系统合成病毒基因组RNA,脂质体转染BHK-21细胞进行病毒拯救。结果表明成功的从基因组全长cDNA拯救出重组病毒H120-5a/EGFP株,其在鸡胚中能有效的复制和传代,并表达绿色荧光蛋白;5a基因的缺失并不影响病毒对鸡胚的致病性。本研究为进一步开展IBV的分子致病机理、载体疫苗等研究奠定了基础。     

狂犬病病毒CVS-11株全序列测定及其感染性克隆的构建

[目的]测定狂犬病病毒标准攻击毒CVS-11株全基因组序列,构建CVS-11株全长cDNA感染性克隆.[方法]RT-PCR扩增CVS-11株全基因组得到有重叠的12个片段,分别克隆至平端载体pEASY-Blunt,测定CVS-11株全基因组核苷酸序列.用软件DNAMAN分析CVS-11全序列单一性酶切位点,设计引物,分4段扩增CVS-11全基因组,扩增产物经多步酶切、连接逐步插入至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,获得全长质粒pcDNA3.1-CVS-11.pcDNA3.1-CVS-11与其辅助质粒pcDNA3.1-N、P、L、G共转染NA细胞,经免疫荧光染色、RT-PCR鉴定,拯救得到重组病毒rCVS-11.[结果]CVS-11全基因组序列由11 927个核苷酸组成,编码5个结构蛋白,结构基因排列同已知的其他狂犬病病毒一致.成功构建了CVS-11全长cDNA重组质粒pcDNA3.1-CVS-11和其辅助质粒pcDNA3.1-N、P、L和G.经共转染,成功拯救了重组病毒rCVS-11.[结论]CVS-11株感染性克隆的构建为从分子水平上进一步研究狂犬病病毒奠定了基础.     

感染性猪圆环病毒2型基因组DNA的分子克隆

本研究通过PCR扩增出猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)的全基因组(1 768bp),克隆入pcDNA3载体的EcoRI酶切应点,获得含有PCV-2全基因组的重组质粒,命名为pcDNApcv2.将重组质粒大量扩增后,用EcoRI切出1 768bp的PCV-2全基因组,在体外用T4 DNA连接酶使其连接环化.用脂质体法将体外连接产物转染无PCV污染的PK-15细胞,经4次连续传代,用间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)及电镜观察证实已获得复制能力的PCV-2病毒.由此可见,本试验构建的环化的PCV-2全基因组DNA具有感染性.     

含有禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒基因组片段的天然重组禽痘病毒的研究

将国内5个不同生产厂家来源的禽痘弱毒疫苗株和1株禽痘野毒株在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上连续传5代,用禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis virus,REV)特异性的单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验(Immunonuoreseellee assay,IFA),均检测不到传染性REV。但以6株禽痘病毒(FPV)感染的第2代和第5代细胞基因组提取物为模板,通过PCR均能扩增出REV的长末端重复序列(LTR)和囊膜蛋白(env)基因片段。用特异性核酸探针作分子斑点杂交(Dot blot),结果显示所扩增的PCR条带为特异的REV—LTR和REV—env)基因片段。实验结果表明,国内的一些痘病毒疫苗和野毒株基因组中,已稳定地整合进了REV的基因组成分。     

中国东北地区人乳头瘤病毒16型全基因组克隆及HPV16.HaCaT重组细胞模型的构建及初步鉴定

为构建含东北地区人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)全基因组的HPV16.HaCaT细胞模型,收集中国东北地区HPV16单一感染患者宫颈脱落细胞,提取DNA,将HPV16全基因组分成4个区段,通过4对特异性引物对HPV16全基因组进行分段扩增,测序后进行序列拼接及核酸序列分析,克隆HPV16全基因组序列;通过细胞转染,构建含HPV16全基因组的HPV16.HaCaT重组细胞模型;利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和细胞免疫荧光法检测重组细胞内HPV16早期基因的表达.成功克隆出中国东北地区HPV16全基因组序列(GenBank登录号:MW320358);构建了东北地区HPV16全基因组的重组质粒及HPV16.HaCaT重组细胞模型;证明了 HPV16早期基因E1-E4、E5、E6和E7在重组细胞模型内均有表达,从而获得中国东北地区HPV16全基因组序列及含有HPV16全基因组的HPV16.HaCaT重组细胞模型.     

鸽源新城疫病毒JS/07/04/Pi株感染性分子克隆的构建及病毒拯救

参照GenBank上公布的鸽源Ⅵb亚型新城疫病毒JS/07/04/Pi株基因组全序列设计9对引物,RT-PCR扩增目的片段后,依次亚克隆至TVT7/R转录载体,成功构建出含JS/07/04/Pi株基因组全长cDNA的转录载体TVT/071204。然后将其与三个辅助表达质粒pCI-NP、pCI-P和pCI-L共转染BSR-T7/5细胞,60h后将转染细胞及其上清接种鸡胚,收集死亡鸡胚尿囊液进行HA与HI试验。结果显示死亡鸡胚尿囊液HA呈阳性,并能被ND阳性血清所抑制,表明该病毒已成功拯救,且拯救病毒rNDV/071204在细胞上的生长增殖能力同母本病毒相似。该病毒的成功拯救为鸽源Ⅵb亚型NDV感染的宿主特异性及鸽用ND新型疫苗的研究提供了理想的生物材料。     

中国首次分离的辛德毕斯病毒XJ-160病毒株感染性全基因组cDNA克隆的构建与分析

报告了中国首次分离的辛德毕斯病毒XJ-160株的感染性全基因组cDNA克隆的构建与鉴定。利用RT—PCR方法获得覆盖病毒全长基因组的cDNA片段,以低拷贝质粒pBR322作为骨架,将基因组cDNA置于SP6RNA聚合酶启动子之后,基因组3’末端带有35个连续的A,通过DNA重组技术组装成病毒基因组全长cDNA克隆。该克隆可在大肠杆菌DH5a中稳定扩增。经体外转录,RNA转录体转染BHK-21细胞,细胞发生病变,恢复病毒滴度达到10^7～10^8PFU／ml。全基因组cDNA克隆构建过程中引入的沉默突变(8453位核苷酸由C变为T)产生XbaⅠ酶切位点作为遗传标记,在子代恢复病毒的基因组中稳定存在。从细胞病变的特征、BHK-21细胞的空斑形态、病毒的抗原性、病毒在细胞中的生长动力学特征以及对乳鼠的致病性等方面比较,恢复病毒和亲本病毒XJ-160没有显著区别,提示获得了具有感染性的XJ-160病毒全长cDNA克隆。该病毒感染性全基因组cDNA克隆可以作为反向遗传学系统,为进一步研究病毒复制和致病机制,以及开发相应的载体表达系统提供分子生物学工具。     

Sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus Chinese strain HA9901

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a member of avian retrovirus, can cause tumor, immune suppression and a runting disease syndrome[1,2]. With several clas-sical reference strains, such as strain SNV from ducks, a replication defective oncogenic strain T …     

Sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus Chinese strain HA9901

The genomic DNA extracted from chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) infected with a Chinese field isolate HA9901 of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was used as the template to amplify the REV proviral genomic cDNA by PCR with 6 pairs of primers according to published sequences. Six overlapping fragments were amplified, cloned into the TA vector and sequenced, including a fragment which was amplified from the circular proviral cDNA and covering both 5′-and 3′-ends. The complete sequence of the whole genome was established and analyzed with a DNAstar software. Comparisons of the sequence with two other strains demonstrated that the genomes of REV were relatively conservative, the homogenecity for all genes or LTR fragments of the 3 strains was over 92%, no matter whether they were isolated from different species and regions in different years. But, the homology of Chinese strain HA9901 to a fowl pox virus-associated strain from Chickens was higher than that to strain SNV isolated from ducks.     

Secretion of enzymatically active human renin from mammalian cells using an avian retroviral vector

Recombinant plasmid-based retroviral expression vectors were constructed using a modified spleen necrosis virus (SNV) containing the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene promoter controlling the expression of the Tn5 neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (NPTII gene). The human renin (HRn) gene (hrn) was inserted into the 5' end of the SNV sequences such that in concatemeric plasmid DNA its expression was controlled by the strong promoter in the SNV long terminal repeat (LTR). Dog cells transfected with the concatemeric plasmid DNA secreted a small amount of a HRn-like 43-kDa protein. After cotransfection of chicken cells with concatemeric plasmid DNA and proviral DNA of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain A, infectious stocks of viruses were recovered. Cells infected with the virus carrying the viral LTR-hrn gene oriented for expression secreted the 43-kDa HRn-like protein at about 100-fold higher levels than the cells transfected with the plasmid DNAs. Biological activity of secreted HRn was determined by measuring levels of angiotensin I generated by incubating culture media with either a porcine or human angiotensinogen substrate. Infected dog cells produce about 40 ng of enzymatically active HRn per 10(6) cells per 24 h. These data indicate that retroviral expression vectors provide a good system for obtaining the secretion of high levels of enzymatically active heterologous proteins from mammalian cells.     

Virions released from cells transfected with a molecular clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type I give rise to primary and secondary infections of T cells.

The ability of molecular clones of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) to direct the synthesis of infectious virions has not previously been demonstrated. An HTLV-I provirus originating from an adult T-cell leukemia patient was cloned into a plasmid vector and is designated pCS-HTLV. This molecular clone was shown to direct the synthesis of viral mRNA and proteins in transiently transfected cells; in addition, virus structural proteins were released into the culture medium. Viral proteins were assembled into virions that sedimented at a buoyant density characteristic of retrovirus particles and whose morphology was verified by electron microscopy. Virions concentrated from transiently transfected cell supernatants were incubated with primary cord blood lymphocytes or with transformed T-cell lines to establish that these particles were infectious. Expression of spliced, viral mRNAs in the T-cell cultures after both primary and secondary infections with cell-free virus revealed that pCS-HTLV encodes an infectious provirus.     

Assessing genetic-based therapies for AIDS using the simian immunodeficiency virus

Abstract: A plasmid encoding the full-length infectious molecular proviral clone of SIV_mac239 was generated. Virus derived from cells transfected with this clone replicated to high levels and was cytopathic for some transformed human CD4⁺ cell lines and primary rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Since replication of SIV requires the functional expression of the viral encoded rev protein, transient co-transfection studies were initiated with the infectious proviral clone and a well-characterized trans-dominant negative HIV-1 rev mutant.     

In vitro CD4+ lymphocyte transformation and infection in a rabbit model with a molecular clone of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1.

We transfected human and rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the ACH molecular clone of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) to study its in vitro and in vivo properties. PBMC transfected with ACH were shown to transfer infection to naive PBMC. ACH transformed rabbit PBMC, as indicated by interleukin-2-independent proliferation of a transfectant culture. This transformant culture was shown by flow cytometric analysis to be a CD4+ CD25+ T-lymphocyte population containing, as determined by Southern blot analysis, at least three integrated HTLV-1 proviral copies. HTLV-1 infection was produced in rabbits inoculated with ACH-transfected, irradiated PBMC. Inoculated rabbits seroconverted to positivity for antibodies against HTLV-1 and had steady or rising HTLV-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis revealed sustained seroconversion of rabbits to positivity for antibodies against all major viral antigenic determinants. Infection of rabbits was further demonstrated by antigen capture assay of p24 in PBMC and lymph node cultures and PCR amplification of proviral sequences from PBMC. These data suggest that ACH, like wild-type HTLV-1, infects and transforms primary CD4+ T lymphocytes and is infectious in vivo. This clone will facilitate investigations into the role of viral genes on biological properties of HTLV-1 in vitro and in vivo.     

Rescue and preliminary application of a recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing green fluorescent protein gene

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain, seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI, which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain. The pNDV/ZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCIneoNP, pCIneoP and pCIneoL, were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock, an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP. After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells, the recombinant NDV, NDV/ZJIGFP, was rescued. Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection, indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level. NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route. Four days post-infection, strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae, indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.     

Rescue and Preliminary Application of a Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein Gene

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain, seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI, which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain. The pNDV/ZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCIneoNP, pCIneoP and pCIneoL, were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock, an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP. After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells, the recombinant NDV, NDV/ZJIGFP, was rescued. Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection, indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level. NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route. Four days post-infection, strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae, indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.