毕赤酵母中植酸酶和内切葡聚糖酶共表达菌株的构建及其高效表达(英文)

植酸酶和内切葡萄糖苷酶广泛应用于动物饲料添加剂中,能更有效地帮助饲料的利用,同时为动物的生命活动提供必需的重要物质。首先构建重组质粒pPICZα-EG,经过线性化后,电转化到含有植酸酶phyA基因的毕赤酵母感受态细胞中,构成含有植酸酶基因和内切葡萄糖苷酶基因的重组体菌株GS115-phyA-EG。经甲醇诱导后其活性分别达到出发菌株GS115-phyA和GS115-EG的39.4%和56.2%。酶学性质的分析显示,最适反应温度和最适反应的pH值分别为55℃和5.5,植酸酶和内切葡萄糖苷酶在温度为45℃~55℃,pH值为4.5~5.5时,酶活相对稳定,均能达到最高酶活的80%以上。结果表明这种在同一个系统种同时表达2种酶的方法能更好地节约时间和成本,使其在饲料工业的应用上有更广阔的前景。     

基于密码子优化的FAD依赖葡萄糖脱氢酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及酶学性质

旨在获得表达量高的FAD依赖的葡萄糖脱氢酶。通过FAD依赖的葡萄糖脱氢酶密码子优化,人工合成基因片段,构建重组表达载体pMD-GDH,转化毕赤酵母X33菌株后利用甲醇诱导培养实现分泌表达。结果显示,经试管水平筛选阳性转化子获得一株酶活高且稳定的重组菌株,在10 L发酵罐培养时经过136 h诱导培养,酶活达到257 600 U/L。酶学性质分析表明,以葡萄糖为底物时最适温度和pH分别为55℃和7.0,在50℃下处理150 min仍有70%的活性,在pH 4-7范围内,37℃保温4 h,FAD-GDH仍能保持50%以上的活性。金属离子Cu~(2+)对酶活抑制作用比较大。FAD-GDH的底物专一性较好,以葡萄糖为最适底物。经毕赤酵母密码子偏好性优化实现了FAD依赖的葡萄糖脱氢酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达,为应用于血糖检测提供理论依据。     

黑曲霉WY-6植酸酶的表达、纯化及性质研究

目的:表达黑曲霉WY-6植酸酶基因及研究重组酶的性质。方法:通过PCR方法从黑曲霉WY-6基因组中扩增出植酸酶基因,并将该基因表达在毕赤酵母中,再利用蛋白质分离纯化技术对重组酶进行纯化,并测定其性质。结果:黑曲霉WY-6植酸酶基因成功表达在毕赤酵母中,重组植酸酶经饱和硫酸铵分级沉淀、超滤和阴离子交换层析步骤后得以纯化,纯化后的植酸酶比活力为147U/mg,分子量为67kDa,两个最适pH分别为3.0和5.5,最适温度为55℃,与胃蛋白酶以0.01的比率(胃蛋白酶/植酸酶,wt/wt)混合作用2h后仍保留70.9%残余活力。结论:获得了具有商业应用潜能的基因工程植酸酶。     

黑曲霉Z6植酸酶基因phyA的克隆及表达

目的:克隆植酸酶基因phyA,构建毕赤酵母表达载体,转化毕赤酵母,并对重组工程菌的表达产物进行初步酶学性质研究.方法:以植酸酶高产菌株-黑曲霉Z6染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到植酸酶基因phyA,序列鉴定后连接到毕赤酵母穿梭载体pPIC9K上,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-phyA,电击转化毕赤酵母KM71,筛选得到重组转化子.对重组工程菌表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和酶活性研究.结果:phyA序列分析表明该基因具有典型的植酸酶活性位点保守序列ArgHisGlyAlaArgTyrPro,与NC-BI已发表的植酸酶基因同源性较高,达到94%以上.该序列已提交GenBank,序列号为DQ318022.重组工程菌KM71-phyA7的PCR扩增证实了植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中,植酸酶能有效分泌和表达,粗酶液酶活可达875U/mL.结论:植酸酶基因phyA在毕赤酵母中成功表达,为今后的定向改组奠定了基础.     

高温α-淀粉酶基因突变体在大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母中的表达

对地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)高温α-淀粉酶(amyE)基因进行改造获得的基因突变体(amyEM),通过PCR扩增,将此基因分别克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pBV220和毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K上,并分别转化大肠杆菌DH5α和毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,获得重组大肠杆菌和重组毕赤酵母。通过表达产物的酶活性检测和SDS-PAGE分析,证明突变α-淀粉酶(AmyEM)在大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母中获得有效表达。对重组大肠杆菌产生的α-淀粉酶的粗酶性质分析表明,此酶分子量约为55kDa。其最适反应温度为80℃~90℃,与野生型基因相比,其最适pH均为6.0,但不同的是突变体在pH 5.0~5.5时表现出较高的酶活力;在毕赤酵母细胞的表达产物可分泌至胞外。由于酵母可对蛋白进行糖基化,酶分子量增加到60kDa,最适pH也改变为5.5。此高温α-淀粉酶突变体所具有的在微酸性环境具有较高酶活力的性质,具有重要的潜在工业应用价值。     

大肠杆菌植酸酶基因appA的克隆与高效表达

从猪粪便中分离并筛选出高效生产酸性植酸酶和磷酸酶双功酶(appA植酸酶)的大肠杆菌菌株。通过PCR方法从该菌株基因组中扩增获得了植酸酶基因appA,测序结果显示该基因编码区全长1,299个核苷酸。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a( )上,通过转化的大肠杆菌BL21在试管摇床培养条件下得到了高效表达,其表达量达到692U／mL。酶学特性分析表明其反应的最适pH为4．5,最适温度为60℃。     

CALA在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及酶学特性研究

将南极假丝酵母脂肪酶A(cala)基因克隆至组成型表达载体pGAPZαA中,电激转入X-33,获得高效表达的CALA酵母工程菌株.发酵液上清经超滤浓缩、硫酸铵沉淀和阴离子交换层析等步骤,获得纯化的重组CALA,其比酶活达384.90 U/mg.该酶最适温度为70℃,最适pH值为8.0.经50℃保温2 h,仍含有60%水解酶活力;在pH7.0和8.0溶液中比较稳定.经DMSO处理1 h,仍保持90%的活性;非离子型表面活性剂能提高CALA的酶活,金属离子在不同程度上抑制CALA的酶活.     

热稳定α-半乳糖苷酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

克隆前期筛得分枝犁头霉Absidia ramosa WL511的热稳定α-半乳糖苷酶cDNA基因aga(GenBank No.DQ234280),将aga基因插入表达载体pPICZαA并电转化整合到毕赤酵母P.pastoris GS115的染色体上。30℃、甲醇流加量0.5%(V/V)时,酵母发酵上清液中酶活达32U/ml。纯化后酶的比活力为137U/mg,SDS-PAGE显示单一条带,凝胶过滤和SDS-PAGE估算其分子量分别为348kDa和87kDa,该酶为四聚体结构,糖基化导致重组蛋白的分子量比原酶大6kDa。该酶等电点为5.2,最适反应温度73℃,最适pH6.8,60℃以下及pH5.5～9.0范围内活性稳定。75℃时保温2小时保留54%的酶活,85℃时酶活完全消失。以对硝基苯酚-α-D-半乳糖苷为底物,该酶Km值为0.42mmol/Lol/L;Vmax为413U/mg;kcat为64531/min。     

一株全基因合成耐热甘露聚糖酶的表达及酶学性质分析

根据已知耐热甘露聚糖酶ManAd3氨基酸序列与毕赤酵母密码子使用偏爱性,设计并合成了甘露聚糖酶ManA全基因(Accession No.KJ806637),与表达载体pPIC9k重组后,转化毕赤酵母GS115,筛选获得重组菌株ManA-GS115。该重组菌株发酵产物经SDS-PAGE鉴定,其中甘露聚糖酶ManA含量达到电泳纯级别,分子量大小约为30 kDa。其酶学性质检测结果显示该酶最适反应温度为75℃,最适反应pH为6.0,比活力高达3200 IU/mg,并且在75℃下处理30 min仍能维持90%以上相对酶活力。该甘露聚糖酶ManA表达量较高,在偏酸性环境下仍能够维持较高的相对酶活力,且热稳定性显著,可广泛应用于食品、酿造、饲料、纺织和医药等工业领域。     

大肠杆菌植酸酶基因appA的克隆与高效表达*

从猪粪便中分离并筛选出高效生产酸性植酸酶和磷酸酶双功酶(appA植酸酶)的大肠杆菌菌株。通过PCR方法从该菌株基因组中扩增获得了植酸酶基因appA,测序结果显示该基因编码区全长1,299个核苷酸。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)上,通过转化的大肠杆菌BL21在试管摇床培养条件下得到了高效表达,其表达量达到692U/mL。酶学特性分析表明其反应的最适pH为4.5,最适温度为60℃。     

phyA基因新型表达质粒的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

利用自行筛选、鉴定的黑曲霉F246,根据植酸酶基因(phyA)成熟肽编码序列设计引物,直接PCR扩增phyA,经酶切分析、DNA测序和氨基酸序列分析证实phyA基因克隆成功。从pMD18T-phyA克隆中获得phyA编码序列,将其与pET30a 质粒连接,构建pET30a -phyA重组质粒,并在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达。重组质粒经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE特异区带分子量为50kDa,此重组蛋白占大肠杆菌可溶性蛋白的36.62％,酶活性较天然植酸酶高8倍以上。因此,该phyA基因具有正常的生物学功能,对其进行深入研究,为大量获得高活性植酸酶以及开发新型微生态制剂奠定了基础。     

Properties of beta-propeller phytase expressed in transgenic tobacco

Phytases are enzymes that liberate inorganic phosphates from phytate. In a previous study, a beta-propeller phytase (168phyA) from Bacillus subtilis was introduced into transgenic tobacco, which resulted in certain phenotypic changes. In the study described herein, the recombinant phytase (t168phyA) was purified from transgenic tobacco to near homogeneity by a three-step purification scheme. The biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of t168phyA were compared with those of its counterpart from B. subtilis. t168phyA was glycosylated, and it showed a 4 kDa increase in molecular size in SDS-PAGE (44 kDa vs. 40 kDa). Although its thermostability remained unchanged, its temperature optimum shifted from 60 degrees C to 45-50 degrees C and its pH optimum shifted from pH 5.5 to 6.0. Kinetic data showed that the t168phyA had a lower Kcat, but a higher Km than the native enzyme. Despite these changes, t168phyA remained catalytically active and has a specific activity of 2.3 U/mg protein. These results verify the activity of recombinant Bacillus phytase that is expressed in plants.     

Expression of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Phytase improves the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus in plant foods to humans and animals and reduces phosphorus pollution of animal waste. Our objectives were to express an Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to determine the effects of glycosylation on the phytase's activity and thermostability. A 1.4-kb DNA fragment containing the coding region of the phyA gene was inserted into the expression vector pYES2 and was expressed in S. cerevisiae as an active, extracellular phytase. The yield of total extracellular phytase activity was affected by the signal peptide and the medium composition. The expressed phytase had two pH optima (2 to 2.5 and 5 to 5.5) and a temperature optimum between 55 and 60 degrees C, and it cross-reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the wild-type enzyme. Due to the heavy glycosylation, the expressed phytase had a molecular size of approximately 120 kDa and appeared to be more thermostable than the commercial enzyme. Deglycosylation of the phytase resulted in losses of 9% of its activity and 40% of its thermostability. The recombinant phytase was effective in hydrolyzing phytate phosphorus from corn or soybean meal in vitro. In conclusion, the phyA gene was expressed as an active, extracellular phytase in S. cerevisiae, and its thermostability was affected by glycosylation.     

植酸酶phyAm基因结构延伸突变改善酶的热稳定性

将来源于黑曲霉N25的植酸酶基因phyA^m重组于大肠杆菌表达载体pET-30b（＋）,以重组表达载体pET30b-FphyA^e为模板经PCR扩增获得结构延伸突变植酸酶基因phyA^m（在植酸酶基因C端增加了来源于pET-30b-FphyA^m载体上13氨基酸残基）。含突变基因的重组表达载体pPIC9k-phyA^e在GS115酵母中表达。纯化的突变酶pp-NP^e与野生型酶PP-NP^m-8相比：PP-NPA^e的最适反应温度上升了3气,75℃处理10min,热稳定性提高21％,比活力略有提高。最适反应pH为5．6,有效pH范围pH4,6到pH6．6。比未突变酶扩大了0.4单位。     

A Thermostable phytase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neosartorya spinosa</Emphasis> BCC 41923 and its expression in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia pastoris</Emphasis>

A phytase gene was cloned from Neosartorya spinosa BCC 41923. The gene was 1,455 bp in size, and the mature protein contained a polypeptide of 439 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains the consensus motif (RHGXRXP) which is conserved among phytases and acid phosphatases. Five possible disulfide bonds and seven potential N-glycosylation sites have been predicted. The gene was expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71 as an extracellular enzyme. The purified enzyme had specific activity of 30.95 U/mg at 37°C and 38.62 U/mg at 42°C. Molecular weight of the deglycosylated recombinant phytase, determined by SDS-PAGE, was approximately 52 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for activity were pH 5.5 and 50°C. The residual phytase activity remained over 80% of initial activity after the enzyme was stored in pH 3.0 to 7.0 for 1 h, and at 60% of initial activity after heating at 90°C for 20 min. The enzyme exhibited broad substrate specificity, with phytic acid as the most preferred substrate. Its K _m and V _max for sodium phytate were 1.39 mM and 434.78 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme was highly resistant to most metal ions tested, including Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Al³⁺. When incubated with pepsin at a pepsin/phytase ratio of 0.02 (U/U) at 37°C for 2 h, 92% of its initial activity was retained. However, the enzyme was very sensitive to trypsin, as 5% of its initial activity was recovered after treating with trypsin at a trypsin/phytase ratio of 0.01 (U/U).     

Overexpression and Biochemical Characterization of a Thermostable Phytase from Bacillus subtilis US417 in Pichia pastoris

The overexpression of the native gene encoding the thermostable Bacillus subtilis US417 phytase using Pichia pastoris system is described. The phytase gene, in which the sequence encoding the signal peptide was replaced by that of the α-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was placed under the control of the methanol-inducible promoter of the alcohol oxidase 1 gene and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Small-scale expression experiments and activity assays were used to screen positive colonies. A recombinant strain was selected and produces 43 and 227 U/mL of phytase activity in shake flasks and in high-cell-density fermentation, respectively. The purified phytase was glycosylated protein and varied in size (50–65 kDa). It has a molecular mass of 43 kDa when it was deglycosylated. The purified r-PHY maintains 100 % of its activity after 10 min incubation at 75 °C and pH 7.5. This thermostable phytase, which is also active over broad pH ranges, may be useful as feed additives, since it can resist the temperature used in the feed-pelleting process.     

Recombinant production of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium oxalicum</Emphasis> PJ3 phytase in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia Pastoris</Emphasis>

The 1,332 bp phytase gene of Penicillium oxalicum PJ3 was inserted into the expression vector, pPICZαA and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris as an active, extracellular phytase. The recombinant phytase reached a maximum yield of 12 U/ml of medium at 120 h of cultivation after methanol induction under shake-flask conditions. The enzyme was glycosylated, with a molecular mass of about 62.5 kDa. The Michaelis constant (K _m) and maximum reaction rate (V _max) for sodium phytate was 0.37 mM and 526.3 U/mg of protein, respectively. The optimal activity occurred at pH 4.5 and 55°C. Jaecheon Lee and Yunjaie Choi contributed equally to this work.     

植酸酶酵母工程菌的构建*

从无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)3．4322中用RT-PCR方法扩增出一条约1．4kb的特异性条带,DNA序列测定表明,目的片段为不含信号肽的植酸酶编码序列,全长1347bp。无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)3．4322phyA基因序列已在GenBank注册(注册号为：AF537344)。将该基因克隆到酵母表达载体pYES2中,构建成不带信号肽phyA基因的重组表达载体pYPA2。用醋酸锂法将pYPA2转进urd缺陷型的酿酒酵母(s．oeraisiae INVSc1),筛选获得含植酸酶基因的酵母转化子。经半乳糖诱导表达后,用磷钼蓝显色(AMES)法对酵母菌体进行酶活测定,测出了明显的植酸酶活性,pYPA2胞内植酸酶活性约11．55IU／mL,表明无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)3．4322phyA基因能在酿酒酵母中表达。     

Overexpression and functional characterization of an Aspergillus niger phytase in the fat body of transgenic silkworm,Bombyx mori

In a previous study, we isolated 1,119 bp of upstream promoter sequence from Bmlp3, a gene encoding a member of the silkworm 30 K storage protein family, and demonstrated that it was sufficient to direct fat body-specific expression of a reporter gene in a transgenic silkworm, thus highlighting the potential use of this promoter for both functional genomics research and biotechnology applications. To test whether the Bmlp3 promoter can be used to produce recombinant proteins in the fat body of silkworm pupae, we generated a transgenic line of Bombyx mori which harbors a codon-optimized Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) under the control of the Bmlp3 promoter. Here we show that the Bmlp3 promoter drives high levels of phyA expression in the fat body, and that the recombinant phyA protein is highly active (99.05 and 54.80 U/g in fat body extracts and fresh pupa, respectively). We also show that the recombinant phyA has two optimum pH ranges (1.5–2.0 and 5.5–6.0), and two optimum temperatures (55 and 37 °C). The activity of recombinant phyA was lost after high-temperature drying, but treating with boiling water was less harmful, its residual activity was approximately 84 % of the level observed in untreated samples. These results offer an opportunity not only for better utilization of large amounts of silkworm pupae generated during silk production, but also provide a novel method for mass production of low-cost recombinant phytase using transgenic silkworms.     

Molecular cloning and the biochemical characterization of two novel phytases from B. subtilis 168 and B. licheniformis

A novel phytase gene ( phyL) was cloned from Bacillus licheniformis by multiple steps of degenerate and inverse PCR. The coding region of the phyL gene was 1,146 bp in size and a promoter region of approximately 300 bp was identified at the upstream sequence. This gene, together with a phytase gene ( 168phyA) identified in the B. subtilis strain 168 genome by a homology search, was cloned and over-expressed in B. subtilis using a phi105MU331 prophage vector system. Up to 35 units of phytase/ml were secreted into the culture media; and mature enzymes of around 44-47 kDa were purified for characterization. Both phytases exhibited broad temperature and pH optima and showed high thermostability. Of the two, the phytase encoded by phyL exhibited higher thermostability, even at a lower calcium concentration, as it was able to recover 80% of its original activity after denaturation at 95 degrees C for 10 min. With their neutral pH optima and good temperature stabilities, these Bacillus phytases are good candidates for animal feed applications and transgenic studies.