从天然提取物或分离部位中以碳酸酐酶II为靶点的抗骨质疏松活性筛选

目的是以碳酸酐酶Ⅱ(CAⅡ)为靶点筛选其抑制剂,以期寻找抗骨质疏松活性样品。实验是在96孔酶标板上对来源于178个科、608个属、1020种动植物2919个提取物或分离部位样品在CA-Ⅱ模型上进行了批量筛选。结果表明在10μg/ml浓度下发现了来源于40个科、61个属、72个种的100个样品有活性,其中5个样品的IC50小于2．50μg/ml,22个样品的IC50在2．51—5．00μg/ml范围,73个样品的IC50在5．01—10．00μg/ml范围。通过以上工作我们认为以碳酸酐酶Ⅱ为分子靶点的体外筛选方法稳定、方便、快速、微量、有效,特别适用于天然产物的抗骨质疏松活性筛选。     

以细菌中烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶为作用靶点的新天然抑制剂

肽聚糖是细菌细胞壁的重要成分,烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶(EPT)是调节肽聚糖合成初始阶段的关键酶.通过活性筛选,发现了三个对EPT有抑制活性的天然产物(化合物1～3),它们皆为EPT的新抑制剂.体外抗真菌实验发现,化合物2和3对光滑念珠菌具有较好的生长抑制作用.另外,化合物3还具有一定的肿瘤细胞毒活性.     

Xenorhabdus和Photorhabdus代谢产物体外抗肿瘤活性

用8株昆虫病原线虫共生菌(Xenorhabdus属和Photorhabdus属)的发酵液进行了体外抗肿瘤活性的研究,从中筛选出活性较高的菌株一嗜线虫致病杆菌(Xenorhabdus nematophila CB6)。经有机溶剂萃取和硅胶柱层析对嗜线虫致病杆菌发酵液进行进一步分离,得到5个组分。用MTT法测定体外杀肿瘤细胞作用,发现其中2个组分具有抗肿瘤活性。组分3对HepG2、Hela、BGC-823、A-549、K562和HT-29的IC50分别等于3．1μg／ml、8．5μg／ml、2．1μg／ml、3．0μg／ml、4．4μg／ml和1．5μg／ml;组分5对HepG2、Hela、BGC-823、A-549、K562和HT-29的IC50分别等于0．1μg／ml、1．8μg／ml、0．1μg／ml、0．4μg／ml、1．2μg／ml和0．6μg／ml。同时发现抗肿瘤活性组分对正常人肺成纤维细胞MRC-5和正常人肝细胞L-02生长的影响很小。该研究在国内率先报道了嗜线虫致病杆菌发酵液具有较强抗肿瘤活性,为新药物的研制和开发提供了一条崭新的途径。     

微生物来源的二氢乳清酸脱氢酶抑制剂F01WB-1315A，B

摘要：目的 从微生物次生代谢产物中筛选免疫相关疾病治疗药物重要靶点—－二氢乳清酸脱氢酶的抑制剂。方法 利用自建的快速、高效的二氢乳清酸脱氢酶抑制剂的高通量筛选方法,从4560株真菌菌株中筛选阳性菌株。阳性菌株的发酵产物进行分离纯化获得活性化合物,再通过对活性化合物的紫外、质谱、核磁等理化数据的分析进行结构鉴定。结果 筛选分离得到2个活性化合物F01WB-1315A和F01WB-1315B。F01WB-1315A对二氢乳清酸脱氢酶有强的抑制活性,IC50=0.07 μg/mL,于20 μg/mL浓度下对体外     

白皮锦鸡儿酚类化合物及其生物活性（英文）

从豆科植物白皮锦鸡儿(Caragana leucophloea Pojark.)地上部分分离到3个酚类化合物,经理化方法和波谱分析鉴定为鹅掌楸苷(1)、香草酸(2)和绿原酸(3)。化合物1和2表现出较好的抗细菌活性,半抑制浓度(IC50)为8.11~22.88μg/m L。2和3则表现出一定的抗真菌活性,对稻瘟菌孢子萌发的IC50值分别为105.04μg/m L和32.26μg/m L,对西瓜枯萎病菌生长的IC50值为108.45μg/m L和45.26μg/m L。2和3对秀丽隐杆线虫也有一定的抑制活性,当处理线虫48 h时,IC50值分别为46.57μg/m L和55.17μg/m L。此外,2具有一定的抗氧化活性,对羟基自由基清除的IC50值为67.96μg/m L;对Fe2+表现出一定的螯合能力,IC50值为93.59μg/m L。上述酚类化合物均为首次从白皮锦鸡儿中分离得到。     

牛至油体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的观察牛至油对肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用。方法采用MTT法检测不同浓度的牛至油对体外培养的多种肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用,计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)。结果不同浓度牛至油作用后,人肝癌细胞系HepG2、人子宫颈癌细胞系JTC-26和肺癌细胞系A549出现增殖阻滞。MTT法确定牛至油对肝癌HepG2的IC50为118μg/ml;人子宫颈癌JTC-26的IC50为118μg/ml;肺癌A549的IC50为59μg/ml。结论牛至油具有体外抗肿瘤活性。     

内生芬芳镰刀菌Dzf2中两个抗菌活性成分(英文)

采用活性追踪的方法从盾叶薯蓣内生芬芳镰刀菌Dzf2中分离到两个抗菌活性成分,通过物理化学性质和波谱学特征鉴定为镰刀菌酸(1)和9,10-脱氢镰刀菌酸(2)。采用多孔板-MTT-比色法和孢子萌发法测定了化合物的抗菌活性。镰刀菌酸和9,10-脱氢镰刀菌酸对供试细菌的半抑制浓度(IC50)值为35.35μg/mL至171.29μg/mL;对稻瘟菌孢子萌发的IC50值分别为28.83μg/mL和27.06μg/mL。     

朱砂根抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶与抗氧化活性研究

对朱砂根抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶与抗氧化活性进行研究.利用96微孔板法筛选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性;采用DPPH、ABTS和FRAP方法分析抗氧化活性.结果表明,乙酸乙酯部位抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性最高(IC50=39.27 μg/mL),石油醚部位次之(IC50 =56.11 μg/mL),正丁醇部位活性最弱(IC50=62.05μg/mL),但均远大于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1081.27 μg/mL);乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化能力最强,正丁醇部位次之.乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基(IC50=38.55 mg/L)的能力比BHT( IC50=18.71 mg/L)低1/2,清除ABTS自由基的能力(IC50=3.60 mg/L)比BHT(IC50=7.44 mg/L)强,但比BHA(IC50=1.74 mg/L)弱,还原Fe3+的能力(FRAP=512.99 ±6.80 μmoTE/g)为BHT(FRAP=1581.68±97.41μmol TE/g)的1/3.结果显示朱砂根乙酸乙酯部位抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和抗氧化活性最好.     

热带太平洋深海微生物抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

以４个人体癌细胞株为模型、利用四甲基偶氮唑盐（Methyl Thiazolyl blue Tetrazolium bromide,MTT）比色法和磺酰罗丹明（SulfoRhodamine B,SRB）染色法对55株来自于热带太平洋深海微生物（细菌和霉菌）的培养液的乙酸乙酯抽提物以及菌体的甲醇提取物进行了细胞毒活性筛选,并主要采用分子生物学方法鉴定了该批菌株. 结果表明,55株微生物发酵样品共１１０个提取物中,９０％样品表现出细胞毒活性;其中13株微生物的活性较强（提取物有效抑制浓度≤16μg/ml）,具有较好的开发应用前景。同时还发现,菌体中检测到的活性菌株数大于发酵液中检测到的活性菌株数, 细菌的筛选得率高于霉菌的筛选得率.鉴定结果显示, 50株微生物分属于21属、29种,其中１３个较高活性菌株来源于８个属。本文为我国深海微生物资源的开发利用,提供了探索性研究信息。     

细雀梅藤的黄酮类成分及其初步活性筛选

从鼠李科雀梅藤属植物细雀梅藤(Sageretia gracilis)根茎中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定了它们的结构。除十八烷酸、三十羧酸甲酯和胡萝卜苷外还有6个黄酮类成分,其结构分别鉴定为：maesopsin(1),maesopsin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇（3）,5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(5),5,7,4′-三羟基-黄酮醇(6),其中化合物4为一新化合物。分别对其乙醇提取物、水提取物、石油醚萃取部位、乙酸乙酯萃取部位、正丁醇萃取部位和化合物1、5、6进行了抗细菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤、抗骨质疏松和溶血栓等、6个模型的活性筛选,结果表明正丁醇萃取部位具有一定的抗细菌活性,其IC50为74．9μg／ml,水提取物具有一定的抗真菌活性,其IC50为13．8μg／ml。     

Seqarching for Antibacterial Activities of Extracts and Fractions Derived from Natural Sources Targeting Enoylpyruvate Transferase

To discover inhibitors of enoylpyruvate transferase with antibacterial activity a batch of 2490 extract or fraction samples from plants and animals belonging to 169 families, 560 genera and 916 species were tested on enoylpyruvate transferase bioassay in 96-well microtiterplates. Finally 309 samples, which belong to 80 families, 169 genera and 218 species, showed inhibitory activity at 96.15ug/ml, in which 14 samples showed IC50 at=<10.00ug/ml, 40 samples showed IC50 at 10.01-30.00ug/ml, 83 samples showed IC50 at 30.01-50.00ug/ml and 172 samples showed IC50 at 50.01-96.15ug/ml. It is indicated that this in-vitro bioassay is convenient, stable, rapid, sensitive and effective in searching for antibacterial activity samples from natural sources.     

Mannich reaction derivatives of novobiocin with modulated physiochemical properties and their antibacterial activities

Synthetic derivatives of the natural product antibiotic novobiocin were synthesized in order to improve their physiochemical properties. A Mannich reaction was used to introduce new side chains at a solvent-exposed position of the molecule, and a diverse panel of functional groups was evaluated at this position. Novobiocin and the new derivatives were tested for their binding to gyrase B and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Francisella tularensis and Escherichia coli. While the new derivatives still bound the gyrase B protein potently (0.07-1.8 μM, IC(50)), they had significantly less antibacterial activity. Two compounds were identified with increased antibacterial activity against M. tuberculosis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.5 μg/ml.     

Molecular docking and enzyme kinetic studies of dihydrotanshinone on metabolism of a model CYP2D6 probe substrate in human liver microsomes

The effects of Danshen and its active components (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone and cryptotanshinone) on CYP2D6 activity was investigated by measuring the metabolism of a model CYP2D6 probe substrate, dextromethorphan to dextrorphan in human pooled liver microsomes. The ethanolic extract of crude Danshen (6.25-100 μg/ml) decreased dextromethorphan O-demethylation in vitro (IC(50)=23.3 μg/ml) and the water extract of crude Danshen (0.0625-1 mg/ml) showed no inhibition. A commercially available Danshen pill (31.25-500 μg/ml) also decreased CYP2D6 activity (IC(50)=265.8 μg/ml). Among the tanshinones, only dihydrotanshinone significantly inhibited CYP2D6 activity (IC(50)=35.4 μM), compared to quinidine, a specific CYP2D6 inhibitor (IC(50)=0.9 μM). Crytotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA produced weak inhibition, with IC(20) of 40.8 μM, 16.5 μM and 61.4 μM, respectively. Water soluble components such as salvianolic acid B and danshensu did not affect CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that inhibition of CYP2D6 activity by the ethanolic extract of crude Danshen and dihydrotanshinone was concentration-dependent, with K(i) values of 4.23 μg/ml and 2.53 μM, respectively, compared to quinidine, K(i)=0.41 μM. Molecular docking study confirmed that dihydrotanshinone and tanshinone I interacted with the Phe120 amino acid residue in the active cavity of CYP2D6 through Pi-Pi interaction, but did not interact with Glu216 and Asp301, the key residues for substrate binding. The logarithm of free binding energy of dihydrotanshinone (-7.6 kcal/mol) to Phe120 was comparable to quinidine (-7.0 kcal/mol) but greater than tanshinone I (-5.4 kcal/mol), indicating dihydrotanshinone has similar affinity to quinidine in binding to the catalytic site on CYP2D6.     

Angiotensin I-converting-enzyme-inhibitory and antibacterial peptides from Lactobacillus helveticus PR4 proteinase-hydrolyzed caseins of milk from six species

Sodium caseinates prepared from bovine, sheep, goat, pig, buffalo or human milk were hydrolyzed by a partially purified proteinase of Lactobacillus helveticus PR4. Peptides in each hydrolysate were fractionated by reversed-phase fast-protein liquid chromatography. The fractions which showed the highest angiotensin I-converting-enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory or antibacterial activity were sequenced by mass spectrum and Edman degradation analyses. Various ACE-inhibitory peptides were found in the hydrolysates: the bovine alpha(S1)-casein (alpha(S1)-CN) 24-47 fragment (f24-47), f169-193, and beta-CN f58-76; ovine alpha(S1)-CN f1-6 and alpha(S2)-CN f182-185 and f186-188; caprine beta-CN f58-65 and alpha(S2)-CN f182-187; buffalo beta-CN f58-66; and a mixture of three tripeptides originating from human beta-CN. A mixture of peptides with a C-terminal sequence, Pro-Gly-Pro, was found in the most active fraction of the pig sodium caseinate hydrolysate. The highest ACE-inhibitory activity of some peptides corresponded to the concentration of the ACE inhibitor (S)-N-(1-[ethoxycarbonyl]-3-phenylpropyl)-ala-pro maleate (enalapril) of 49.253 micro g/ml (100 micro mol/liter). Several of the above sequences had features in common with other ACE-inhibitory peptides reported in the literature. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of some of the crude peptide fractions was very low (16 to 100 micro g/ml). Some identified peptides were chemically synthesized, and the ACE-inhibitory activity and IC(50)s were confirmed. An antibacterial peptide corresponding to beta-CN f184-210 was identified in human sodium caseinate hydrolysate. It showed a very large spectrum of inhibition against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including species of potential clinical interest, such as Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC for E. coli F19 was ca. 50 micro g/ml. Once generated, the bioactive peptides were resistant to further degradation by proteinase of L. helveticus PR4 or by trypsin and chymotrypsin.     

白皮锦鸡儿黄酮醇类化合物及其抗菌和抗氧化活性(英文)

从豆科植物白皮锦鸡儿(Caragana leucophloea Pojark.)地上部分分离到3个黄酮醇类化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为3-O-甲基山奈酚(1)、3-O-甲基槲皮素(2)和槲皮素(3)。活性测定表明,1表现出较强的抗细菌活性,对大肠杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌的半抑制浓度分别为9.00μg/mL和7.42μg/mL,最低抑制浓度均为12.5μg/mL;而2和3则表现出较强的抗氧化活性,对DPPH还原的半抑制浓度分别为14.39μg/mL和13.64μg/mL;对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化的半抑制浓度分别为10.26μg/mL和9.87μg/mL。上述黄酮醇类化合物均为首次从白皮锦鸡儿中分离得到。     

Antibacterial,Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Assessment of New Sulfonamide Derivatives

In the last few years, the interest in sulfonamides has expanded owing to their broad spectrum of biological activities. Their flexible structure turns them into amazing candidates to replace old drugs or develop modern multi-target agents. In this study, a series of new sulfonamides ( sul1-5 ) was evaluated, in vitro, for the antibacterial, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The antibacterial activity was investigated against 12 clinical and 4 reference strains. Cytotoxic activity was carried out by the brine shrimp bioassay and the genotoxicity was assessed in the Ames test. An interesting antibacterial activity was showed especially against Gram negative strains. The inhibition zones varied between 15 and 30 mm, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC's) values between 0.5 and 256 μg/ml. No antibacterial activity was shown with S. aureus isolates. Only Sul1 and Sul4 were active against P. aeruginosa. Compounds Sul1 and Sul2 showed a significant cytotoxicity with LC₅₀ equal to 18.29 and 18 μg/ml respectively, and a genotoxic effect against TA100 and TA1535 Salmonella strains. Only compounds Sul3 , Sul4 and Sul5 with an interesting antibacterial activity, no cytotoxicity and no genotoxic effects, could be exploited against resistant pathogens as new drugs.     

Antioxidant, radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of some Hedyotis species

The antioxidant, radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of seven Hedyotisspecies were investigated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods while the radical scavenging activity was measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The anti-inflammatory activity related to NO inhibition of the plant extracts was measured by the Griess assay while cytotoxicity were measured by the MTT assay against CEM-SS cell line. The antibacterial bioassay (against 4 bacteria, i.e. Bacillus subtilis B28 (mutant), Bacillus subtilis B29 (wild-type), Pseudomonas aeruginosa UI 60690 and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (MRSA) was also carried out using the disc-diffusion method. All tested extracts exhibited very strong antioxidant properties when compared to Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) with percent inhibition of 89-98% in the FTC and 60-95% in the TBA assays. In the DPPH method, H. herbacea exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 32 microg/ml. The results from the Griess assay showed that the tested extracts are weak inhibitors of NO synthase. However, all tested extracts exhibited moderate cytotoxic properties against CEM-SS cell line giving CD50 values in the range of 21-41 microg/ml. In the antibacterial bioassay, the stems and the roots of H. capitellata showed moderate activity against the 4 tested bacteria while the leaves showed moderate activity towards B. subtilis B28, MRSA and P. aeruginosa only. The roots of H. dichotoma showed strong antibacterial activity against all 4 bacteria. All other extracts did not exhibit any antibacterial activity.     

Screening and identification of novel isolate Streptomyces sp., NLKPB45 from Nellore costal region for its biomedical applications

Actinobacteria, which are the prolific producers of antibiotics and significant suppliers to the pharmaceutical industry, can produce a wide variety of bioactive metabolites. An actinomycete strain designated NLKPB45 was isolated from mangrove soils samples of Nellore coastal regions Andhra Pradesh and assessed for antibiotic production and activity against pathogenic bacteria. From a total of 9 mangrove soil samples, 143 acinomycetes were isolated. Among the isolated them 6 actinomycetes strains showed potential antibacterial activity against at two tested pathogens gram positive and gram negative bacteria E. coli and S. aureus. The potent strain NLKPB45 was identified by 16S gene isolation and sequencing to the Streptomyces genus. The ethyl acetate extracts also as shown excellent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella sp., staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilus were detected in both the supernatant extract samples from fermentations of culture NLKPB45. The anticancer activity of extracts in the HeLa with IC₅₀ value of 37.1924 μg/ml, MCF-7 IC₅₀ value of 40.9177 μg/ml and HT 29 IC₅₀ value of 43.3758 μg/ml.     

Chemical reactivity and antimicrobial activity of N-substituted maleimides

Several N-substituted maleimides containing substituents of varying bulkiness and polarity were synthesised and tested for antimicrobial and cytostatic activity. Neutral maleimides displayed relatively strong antifungal effect minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs in the 0.5-4 μg ml(-1) range); their antibacterial activity was structure dependent and all were highly cytostatic, with IC(50) values below 0.1 μg ml(-1). Low antimicrobial but high cytostatic activity was noted for basic maleimides containing tertiary aminoalkyl substituents. Chemical reactivity and lipophilicity influenced antibacterial activity of neutral maleimides but had little if any effect on their antifungal and cytostatic action. N-substituted maleimides affected biosynthesis of chitin and β(1,3)glucan, components of the fungal cell wall. The membrane enzyme, β(1,3)glucan synthase has been proposed as a putative primary target of N-ethylmaleimide and some of its analogues in Candida albicans cells.