从天然提取物或分离部位中以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶为靶点的抗细菌活性筛选

目的是以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶(EPT)为靶点筛选其抑制剂,以期寻找抗细菌活性样品。实验是在96％孔酶标板上对来源于169个科、560个属、916种动植物2490个提取物或分离部位样品在EPT模型上进行了批量筛选。结果表明在96.15μg/ml浓度下发现了来源于80个科、169个届、218个种的309个样品有活性,其中14个样品的IC50小于10．00μg/ml,40个样品的IC50在10．01-30．00μg/ml范围,83个样品的IC50在30．01—50．00μg/ml范围,172个样品的IC50在50．01—96.15μg/ml范围。通过以上工作我们认为以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶为分子靶点的体外筛选方法稳定、方便、快速、微量、有效,特别适用于天然产物的抗细菌活性筛选。     

Xenorhabdus和Photorhabdus代谢产物体外抗肿瘤活性

用8株昆虫病原线虫共生菌(Xenorhabdus属和Photorhabdus属)的发酵液进行了体外抗肿瘤活性的研究,从中筛选出活性较高的菌株一嗜线虫致病杆菌(Xenorhabdus nematophila CB6)。经有机溶剂萃取和硅胶柱层析对嗜线虫致病杆菌发酵液进行进一步分离,得到5个组分。用MTT法测定体外杀肿瘤细胞作用,发现其中2个组分具有抗肿瘤活性。组分3对HepG2、Hela、BGC-823、A-549、K562和HT-29的IC50分别等于3．1μg／ml、8．5μg／ml、2．1μg／ml、3．0μg／ml、4．4μg／ml和1．5μg／ml;组分5对HepG2、Hela、BGC-823、A-549、K562和HT-29的IC50分别等于0．1μg／ml、1．8μg／ml、0．1μg／ml、0．4μg／ml、1．2μg／ml和0．6μg／ml。同时发现抗肿瘤活性组分对正常人肺成纤维细胞MRC-5和正常人肝细胞L-02生长的影响很小。该研究在国内率先报道了嗜线虫致病杆菌发酵液具有较强抗肿瘤活性,为新药物的研制和开发提供了一条崭新的途径。     

细雀梅藤的黄酮类成分及其初步活性筛选

从鼠李科雀梅藤属植物细雀梅藤(Sageretia gracilis)根茎中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定了它们的结构。除十八烷酸、三十羧酸甲酯和胡萝卜苷外还有6个黄酮类成分,其结构分别鉴定为：maesopsin(1),maesopsin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇（3）,5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(5),5,7,4′-三羟基-黄酮醇(6),其中化合物4为一新化合物。分别对其乙醇提取物、水提取物、石油醚萃取部位、乙酸乙酯萃取部位、正丁醇萃取部位和化合物1、5、6进行了抗细菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤、抗骨质疏松和溶血栓等、6个模型的活性筛选,结果表明正丁醇萃取部位具有一定的抗细菌活性,其IC50为74．9μg／ml,水提取物具有一定的抗真菌活性,其IC50为13．8μg／ml。     

青蒿提取物抗单纯疱疹病毒活性研究

用细胞病变效应(CPE)法证明了青蒿水提物具有抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV—2)活性,通过初步分离纯化得到抗HSV—2活性的有效成分。用MTT法研究了青蒿水提物和有效成分的细胞毒性和抗HSV—2活性,CC50分别为5．29mg／ml和4,94mg／ml,IC50分别为1．45mg／ml和0．128mg／ml,TI分别为3．65和38．6。以0．5mg／ml的无环鸟苷(ACV)作为阳性对照,结果显示有效成分在体外可以明显抑制HSV—2的致细胞病变作用,效果与ACV相当。     

在烟草中酵母脯氨酸基因B的转化(英文)

重组质粒PYP22带有一从酵母基因文库分离到的4.6 kb DNA片段,此片段含有脯氨酸(Pro)合成途径必须的基因B(ProB)。用BamHⅠ酶解PYP22,回收ProB基因,重组入pGA471的Bg Ⅲ切口,形成含有ProB的双质粒载体PBYU4。pBYU4含有能在植物中表达的新霉素磷酸转移酶基因Ⅱ(NPT—Ⅱ),可做转基因植株的筛选标记。借助于辅助质粒pRK2013,pBYU4经过三亲结合转移到农杆菌LAB4404,在含有四环素12.5μg/ml、链霉素100μg/ml和利福平50μ/ml加的AB培养基上筛选出转接合子。提取筛选得到的农杆菌总DNA,用ECoR 1酶解,1％琼脂糖电泳,Southern转移DNA到硝酸纤维素膜上。用α—~(32)P-dCTP标记的ProB片段,与转移好的硝酸纤维素进行Southern杂交。Southern杂交证明含有ProB基因的农杆菌,在加有乙酸丁香酮(acetosyringone)125μg/ml和章鱼碱(octopine)125μg/ml的MS液体培养基中,诱导过夜。用叶圆片法转化革新1号烟草(Nicotana tabacum var.Gexin No.1),叶片与菌液共培养2～5d。从叶片分化再生出的芽转移到含有卡那霉素(K_m)80μg/ml、6—苄基腺嘌呤(6BA)1μg/ml和头孢氨噻腭钠(Cef)500μg/ml的MS培养基,筛选3周,将绿色的芽转移到含l％NaCl,6BA 1μg/ml和Cef 500μg/ml的MS培养基,进行复筛。测定经过这样筛选的再生芽的NPT—Ⅱ活性。     

白皮锦鸡儿酚类化合物及其生物活性（英文）

从豆科植物白皮锦鸡儿(Caragana leucophloea Pojark.)地上部分分离到3个酚类化合物,经理化方法和波谱分析鉴定为鹅掌楸苷(1)、香草酸(2)和绿原酸(3)。化合物1和2表现出较好的抗细菌活性,半抑制浓度(IC50)为8.11~22.88μg/m L。2和3则表现出一定的抗真菌活性,对稻瘟菌孢子萌发的IC50值分别为105.04μg/m L和32.26μg/m L,对西瓜枯萎病菌生长的IC50值为108.45μg/m L和45.26μg/m L。2和3对秀丽隐杆线虫也有一定的抑制活性,当处理线虫48 h时,IC50值分别为46.57μg/m L和55.17μg/m L。此外,2具有一定的抗氧化活性,对羟基自由基清除的IC50值为67.96μg/m L;对Fe2+表现出一定的螯合能力,IC50值为93.59μg/m L。上述酚类化合物均为首次从白皮锦鸡儿中分离得到。     

牛至油体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的观察牛至油对肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用。方法采用MTT法检测不同浓度的牛至油对体外培养的多种肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用,计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)。结果不同浓度牛至油作用后,人肝癌细胞系HepG2、人子宫颈癌细胞系JTC-26和肺癌细胞系A549出现增殖阻滞。MTT法确定牛至油对肝癌HepG2的IC50为118μg/ml;人子宫颈癌JTC-26的IC50为118μg/ml;肺癌A549的IC50为59μg/ml。结论牛至油具有体外抗肿瘤活性。     

20种植物水提物对DPPH.的清除作用

根据试样对二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)的清除作用,评价了20种植物水提物的抗自由基活性。所试样品中,紫薇(LogerstroemiaindicaL.)、虎刺梅(Euphorbiasplendens)和天竺葵(PelargonnanhortorumBailey.)等具有较强的抗自由基活性,其SC50分别为017μg/ml(粉,花)、20μm/ml(花)和53μm/ml(红,叶),高于茶多酚(54μm/ml)和TBHQ(69μm/ml)。     

真菌提取物JN219抗人巨细胞病毒机制的初步研究

目的探讨真菌提取物JN219的抗病毒机制。方法(1)样品对病毒入侵宿主细胞的抑制作用:将样品(JN219 50μg/ml、柱洗脱组分5 g/L)分别与人巨细胞病毒(HCMV半数组织感染量TCID50为105/ml)等容量混合,不同时间(混合后立刻、混合后37℃作用1 h)以不同稀释度、100μl/孔接种至多孔板人胚肺细胞(HEL)上;(2)样品对病毒复制的抑制作用:将HCMV(100个TCID50)100μl/孔接种于HEL上1 h后,加不同稀释度的样品;(3)灭活病毒对样品抗病毒作用的抑制作用:将紫外线灭活的HCMV与JN219、柱洗脱组分等容量混合,37℃作用1 h,加等容量HCMV(TCID50为105/ml)混合37℃作用1 h,以不同稀释度、100μl/孔接种于96孔板内的HEL上。以上各实验组同时设细胞对照组、病毒对照组、空白对照组、相应稀释度的样品对照组,37℃、5%CO2培养,每日观察细胞CPE,当病毒对照病变90%以上,终止培养,中性红染色,在540 nm读取吸光度A值,用Reed-Muench法计算细胞半数有效浓度(IC50)和病毒TCID50。通过比较组间差异,探讨在哪一复制周期样品对病毒产生抑制作用。结果(1)样品对病毒入侵宿主细胞的抑制作用:JN219、柱洗脱组分与HCMV等容量混合后立刻接种细胞,测得病毒TICD50为104.8/ml,与病毒对照组比较(TCID50为105/ml)差异无显著性;与病毒作用1 h后接种细胞,JN219、柱洗脱组分IC50分别为0.168μg/ml、0.185μg/ml,第一孔JN219 TCID50为101.6/ml,柱洗脱组分标本未测得病毒,可使HCMV得到抑制;(2)样品对病毒复制的抑制作用:先将病毒接种细胞1 h,然后加JN219、柱洗脱组分,IC50分别为3.29μg/ml、13.1 g/L,样品不能完全抑制人巨细胞病毒病变的发生;(3)灭活病毒对样品抗病毒作用的抑制作用:紫外线灭活的病毒与样品作用1 h,再加等容量病毒后接种细胞,样品JN219、柱洗脱组分与病毒混合物TCID50分别为103.5、103.75,样品抗病毒位点已被紫外线灭活病毒外膜蛋白占据,抗病毒效果降低。结论JN219抗人巨细胞病毒作用机制主要是阻断病毒入侵宿主细胞,作用位点主要为人巨细胞病毒外膜蛋白。     

土茯苓叶和种子的抗氧化活性研究

本文研究了土茯苓叶和种子的乙醇提取物不同组分的抗氧化活性。通过采用DPPH法、ABTS法、FRAP法、抗红细胞氧化溶血以及抑制肝肾组织中MDA的生成这5种体外抗氧化方法,并以BHA为阳性对照,发现土茯苓叶乙酸乙酯组分的清除DPPH自由基能力(IC50=21.15±2.90μg/m L)、抗红细胞溶血(IC50=21.93±0.96μg/m L),抑制肝肾组织中MDA生成(肝IC50=1.34±0.14μg/m L,肾IC50=7.69±1.88μg/m L)在土茯苓叶和种子不同组分中效果最好;土茯苓叶正丁醇组分的ABTS自由基的清除能力(IC50=2.29±0.19μg/μL)和还原Fe3+的能力(Trolox当量=3768.44±16.93μmol/g)效果最好,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。因此,土茯苓叶和种子均具有抗氧化活性,且叶的效果要优于种子,有望开发为一种抗氧化剂。     

Seqarching for Antibacterial Activities of Extracts and Fractions Derived from Natural Sources Targeting Enoylpyruvate Transferase

To discover inhibitors of enoylpyruvate transferase with antibacterial activity a batch of 2490 extract or fraction samples from plants and animals belonging to 169 families, 560 genera and 916 species were tested on enoylpyruvate transferase bioassay in 96-well microtiterplates. Finally 309 samples, which belong to 80 families, 169 genera and 218 species, showed inhibitory activity at 96.15ug/ml, in which 14 samples showed IC50 at=<10.00ug/ml, 40 samples showed IC50 at 10.01-30.00ug/ml, 83 samples showed IC50 at 30.01-50.00ug/ml and 172 samples showed IC50 at 50.01-96.15ug/ml. It is indicated that this in-vitro bioassay is convenient, stable, rapid, sensitive and effective in searching for antibacterial activity samples from natural sources.     

Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel bromophenols including natural products

(2-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone (10) and its derivatives with Br, one dibromide and isomeric three tribromides, were synthesized. Demethylation of these compounds afforded a series of new bromophenols. Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) isozyme by these new bromophenols and naturally occurring 3,4,6-tribromo-5-(2,5-dibromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)benzene-1,2-diol (3), and 5,5'-methylenebis(3,4,6-tribromo-benzene-1,2-diol) (4) was investigated. The synthesized compounds showed carbonic anhydrase inhibitory capacities with IC(50) values in the range of 0.7-372 μM against hCA II. Some bromophenols investigated here showed effective hCA II inhibitory activity and might be used as leads for generating novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which are valuable drug candidates for the treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurological disorders, or osteoporosis.     

Synthesis,biological evaluation,and docking studies of novel thiourea derivatives of bisindolylmethane as carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor

This article describes discovery of 29 novel bisindolylmethanes consisting of thiourea moiety, which had been synthesized through three steps. These novel bisindolylmethane derivatives evaluated for their potential inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase (CA) II. The results for in vitro assay of carbonic anhydrase II inhibition activity showed that some of the compounds are capable of suppressing the activity of carbonic anhydrase II. Bisindoles having halogen at fifth position showed better inhibitory activity as compared to unsubstituted bisindoles. Derivatives showing inhibition activity docked to further, understand the binding behavior of these compounds with carbonic anhydrase II. Docking studies for the active compound 3j showed that nitro substituent at para position fits into the core of the active site. The nitro substituent of compound 3j is capable of interacting with Zn ion. This interaction believed to be the main factor causing inhibition activity to take place.     

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II with natural products extracted from plants, mushrooms and honey

Different natural products and secondary metabolites from mushrooms, teas, honeys, mosses, plants and seaweeds were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, E.C.4.2.1.1) isoforms I and II. Inhibition data were correlated with the total phenol content in the extract and investigated with the pure compounds believed to be responsible for this activity. Methanolic extracts were prepared for 17 such pure chemicals present in the natural products and for 41 diverse natural products. The IC(50) values were in the range of 0.11-66.50 μg/mL against hCA I and of 0.09-54.54 μg/mL against hCA II, respectively. The total phenol content was in the range of 0.02-1318.96 (as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents) per gram of sample. These data offer new insights on possible novel classes of CA inhibitors based on natural products, possessing a range of chemical structures not present in the classical inhibitors with pharmacological applications, such as the sulfonamides and sulfamates.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel dioxoacridine sulfonamide derivatives as new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Novel dioxoacridine sulfonamide compounds were synthesized from reaction of cyclic 1,3-diketones, sulfanilamide (4-amino benzene sulfonamide) and aromatic aldehydes. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by using spectral analysis (IR, H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and mass). Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II) were purified from erythrocyte cells by affinity chromatography. The inhibitory effects of sulfanilamide, acetazolamide (AAZ), and newly synthesized sulfonamides on hydratase and esterase activities of these isoenzymes have been studied in vitro. The IC(50) values of compounds for esterase activity are 0.71-0.11 μM for hCA I and 0.45-0.12 μM for hCA II, respectively. The K(i) values of these inhibitors were determined as 0,38-0,008 μM for hCA I and 0,19-0,001 μM for hCA II, respectively.     

The case for chloroplast thylakoid carbonic anhydrase

Washed thylakoid membranes and photosystem II-enriched membrane fragments from cyanobacteria, green algae, and chloroplasts from both C₃ and C₄ plants possess the ability to reversibly hydrate CO₂. That is, the membranes have an intrinsic carbonic anhydrase activity. The present review outlines the discovery of thylakoid carbonic anhydrase and presents the evidence that it is a unique isozyme, distinct from other cellular carbonic anhydrases. It appears that at least some thylakoid carbonic anhydrase is closely associated with photosystem II and may be required for electron transport. This would explain why all inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase also inhibit photosystem II. Several speculative functions of thylakoid carbonic anhydrase are discussed. These include a possible role in carbon metabolism, in the protonation of plastoquinone, and/or in oxygen evolution.     

Evaluation of in vitro effects of some analgesic drugs on erythrocyte and recombinant carbonic anhydrase I and II

The in vitro effects of the injectable form of analgesic drugs, dexketoprofen trometamol, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, metamizole sodium, diclofenac sodium, thiocolchicoside, on the activity of purified human carbonic anhydrase I and II were evaluated. The effect of these drugs on erythrocyte hCA I and hCA II was compared to recombinant hCA I and hCA II expressed in Ecoli. IC(50) values of the drugs that caused inhibition were determined by means of activity percentage diagrams. The IC(50) concentrations of dexketoprofen trometamol and dexamethasone sodium phosphate on hCA I were 683 μM and 4250 μM and for hCA II 950 μM and 6200 μM respectively. Conversely, the enzyme activity was increased by diflofenac sodium. In addition, thiocolchicoside has not any affect on hCA I and hCA II. The effect of these drugs on erythrocyte hCA I and hCA II were consistent with the inhibition of recombinant enzymes.     

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II with natural products extracted from plants,mushrooms and honey

Different natural products and secondary metabolites from mushrooms, teas, honeys, mosses, plants and seaweeds were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, E.C.4.2.1.1) isoforms I and II. Inhibition data were correlated with the total phenol content in the extract and investigated with the pure compounds believed to be responsible for this activity. Methanolic extracts were prepared for 17 such pure chemicals present in the natural products and for 41 diverse natural products. The IC₅₀ values were in the range of 0.11–66.50 μg/mL against hCA I and of 0.09–54.54 μg/mL against hCA II, respectively. The total phenol content was in the range of 0.02–1318.96 (as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents) per gram of sample. These data offer new insights on possible novel classes of CA inhibitors based on natural products, possessing a range of chemical structures not present in the classical inhibitors with pharmacological applications, such as the sulfonamides and sulfamates.     

Carbonic anhydrase in guinea pig skeletal muscle mitochondria

The presence of carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated in guinea pig skeletal muscle mitochondria purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation such that contamination by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was less than 5%. Assay of purified heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles for carbonic anhydrase activity showed these to have somewhat less activity than the mitochondria, so that any contribution by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to mitochondrial activity would be negligible. In agreement with this observation, rabbit skeletal muscle mitochondria prepared by the Percoll method had no detectable activity. Assay of the guinea pig muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity in the presence of Triton X-100 showed a sixfold greater activity than in its absence, indicating a matrix location for the carbonic anhydrase. The enzyme is highly sensitive to the sulfonamide inhibitor ethoxzolamide, with Ki = 8.7 nM. The activation energy obtained from the rate constant for CO2 hydration, kenz with units (mg/ml)-1 s-1, over the range 4 to 37 degrees C was 12.8 kcal/mol. These properties are those expected for a carbonic anhydrase of the CA II class of isozymes, rather than for CA I, CA III, and the liver mitochondrial enzyme CA V.