抑郁症人群肠道微生物群落结构与功能探讨

目的了解抑郁症人群肠道主要微生物群落情况,探讨在机体精神心理异常状态下肠道内微生态平衡特点,从而为研究抑郁症人群及相关精神心理疾患人群的防治新策略提供数据资料。方法设抑郁症患者研究组和健康对照组,采用日本光冈法定性定量检测肠道乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、肠球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、肠杆菌科及酵母菌的菌群值,计算和比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值)。结果与健康人对照组比较,抑郁症人群研究组肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著降低(P0.01);B/E值显著减少(P0.01);肠杆菌科细菌、肠球菌数量显著增加(P0.01,P0.05)。结论抑郁症人群肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加,益生菌群与肠杆菌科结构发生改变,推测抑郁症的发生,有可能通过肠-脑轴的联系,使大脑情感中枢功能紊乱与肠道菌群微生态平衡失调的相互作用有关。     

肠道菌群正常参考值的检测

目的定性定量检测并比较杭州地区健康青壮年及老年人群肠道主要菌群(双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌属、肠杆菌科、肠球菌属及酵母菌等)的正常参考值,同时计算并比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值).方法采用光冈法 .结果老年组肠道双歧杆菌数量及B/E值较青壮年组均显著减少(P＜0.05, P＜0.001);消化链球菌、肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加(P＜0.01,P ＜0 .001,P＜0.05).结论在获得肠道菌群正常参考值的同时,发现随着年龄的增加,老年人肠道双歧杆菌数量明显减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加.     

高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群与血清脂质水平相关性研究

目的探讨高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群变化及其与血清脂质水平的相关性。方法高脂血症患者及健康受试者各50例,采集其空腹血清样本和粪便样本,血清样本用于检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油-二酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）的含量。应用实时定量PCR技术检测肠道内优势菌群的含量,并将其与血清脂质水平进行相关性分析。结果高脂血症患者肠道内总细菌量及拟杆菌属细菌较健康受试者组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而双歧杆菌属细菌、乳杆菌属细菌及粪杆菌属细菌较健康受试者明显降低（P〈0．05）,肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌较健康受试者明显升高（P〈0．05）。高脂血症患者血清Tc与双歧杆菌属细菌、乳杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关;血清LDL—C与双歧杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关;血清TG与双歧杆菌属细菌和乳杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关。结论高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群发生了明显的变化,血清脂质水平与肠道优势菌群变化具有显著相关性,提示肠道优势菌群结构的调整可改善患者血清脂质水平。     

酪酸梭菌二联活菌对慢性乙肝患者乙肝病毒DNA 及肠道菌群比值的影响

目的探究酪酸梭菌二联活菌对慢性乙肝患者乙肝病毒(HBV)DNA及肠道菌群比值的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2018年9月我院传染科诊治的80例慢性乙肝患者进行研究,按照随机数字表分为观察组(40例)与对照组(40例)。对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用酪酸梭菌二联活菌胶囊治疗。收集治疗前与治疗2周后患者血清及粪便标本,观察血清及粪便中HBV DNA、9种肠道菌群数量、血清细胞因子、肝功能指标及患者不良反应。结果观察组患者血清HBV DNA阴转率(30.0%)高于粪便HBV DNA阴转率(15.0%)。观察组患者肠道双歧杆菌、肠杆菌科细菌数量治疗前后差值明显低于对照组(均P0.05),而肠球菌数量治疗前后差值明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者肠道肠杆菌科细菌/肠球菌比值、肠杆菌科细菌/梭菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/白假丝酵母比值、肠杆菌科细菌/拟杆菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/普雷沃氏菌属比值、肠杆菌科细菌/瘤胃球菌属比值治疗前后差值明显小于对照组(均P0.05);观察组肠球菌/双歧杆菌比值、肠球菌/乳杆菌比值、肠球菌/梭菌属比值、肠球菌/白假丝酵母比值、肠球菌/拟杆菌属比值、肠球菌/瘤胃球菌属比值、梭菌属/双歧杆菌比值、白假丝酵母/双歧杆菌比值、普雷沃氏菌属/双歧杆菌比值治疗前后差值大于对照组(均P0.05)。观察组患者IL-17A、IL-17C、IL-17D、IL-17F治疗前后差值明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患者谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、谷氨酰转肽酶治疗前后差值较高,总胆红素治疗前后差值较低(均P0.05)。观察组患者总不良反应率(12.5%)明显低于对照组总不良反应率(32.5%)。结论酪酸梭菌二联活菌治疗慢性乙肝患者有助于降低乙肝病毒DNA及IL-17家族成员水平,改善肠道菌群比值紊乱,安全可靠。     

肠道菌群失调与抑郁症合并冠心病预后的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨肠道菌群失调与抑郁症合并冠心病的相关性,并分析肠道菌群失调对抑郁症合并冠心病预后的预测价值。方法：选取我院2021年6月到2022年5月收治的80例抑郁症患者作为研究对象,将单纯抑郁症的49例患者分为抑郁症组,将合并冠心病的31例患者分为l联合组,另选取同期来我院体检的40名健康者分为对照组,对比三组患者肠道菌群情况,应用Spearman相关分析分析肠道菌群失调与抑郁症合并冠心病的相关性。随后,对31例抑郁症合并冠心病患者进行随访,将其分为预后良好组（n=21）和预后不良组（n=10）,对比两组患者临床一般情况与肠道菌群情况,应用logistic回归分析分析肠道菌群对抑郁症合并冠心病的预后预测价值。结果：三组患者拟杆菌情况无明显差异（P＞0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和双歧杆菌属与肠杆菌科细菌数量比（B/E）值对比差异显著,l联合组肠杆菌、肠球菌明显高于抑郁症组和对照组,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、B/E值明显低于抑郁症组和对照组（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关分析结果显示：肠道菌群失调中拟杆菌水平与抑郁症合并冠心病无明显相关性（P＞0.05）,肠道菌群失调中肠杆菌、肠球菌水平与抑郁症合并冠心病呈正相关,与双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和双歧杆菌属与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比（B/E）值呈负相关（P＜0.05）;预后良好组与预后不良组、年龄、BMI、合并基础疾病、hs-cTnT、NT-proBNP、NT-proBNP、PHQ-9评分、拟杆菌对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,hs-CRP、肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、B/E值对比差异显著（P＜0.05）;logistic回归分析结果表明：只有hs-CRP和B/E值菌群失调对于抑郁症合并冠心病的预后具有独立预测价值（P＜0.05）。结论：抑郁症合并冠心病患者较单一抑郁症和健康者来说肠道菌群比例出现失调,且肠道菌群失调与抑郁症合并冠心病呈明显相关性,应用B/E 值可对抑郁症合并冠心病患者预后情况进行预测。     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

维持性血液透析终末期肾病患者肠道优势菌群多样性变化研究

目的探讨维持性血液透析终末期肾病患者肠道优势菌群多样性及其与炎症因子的相关性。方法采集维持性血液透析的稳定终末期肾病患者和健康对照受试者的血液和粪便样本,采用荧光实时定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,QPCR)检测肠道优势菌群的变化情况,应用酶联免疫吸附技术(enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测患者血液中的白介素1β(interleukin 1β,IL-1β)、白介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和内毒素(lipoposaccharide,LPS)。结果维持性血液透析终末期肾病患者肠道菌群总菌量差异无统计学意义,但肠道内有益菌群如双歧杆菌属细菌、乳酸杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌显著降低,而肠道内有害菌如肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌均显著升高(P0.05)。维持性血液透析终末期肾病患者血液中IL-6、TNF-α和LPS显著升高,均与双歧杆菌属细菌有显著负相关,与肠杆菌科细菌有显著正相关。肠道内乳酸杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌与IL-6呈显著负相关,肠球菌属细菌与其呈显著正相关。此外,乳杆菌属细菌与TNF-α呈显著负相关,肠球菌属细菌和LPS呈显著正相关。结论维持性血液透析终末期肾病患者肠道优势菌群多样性发生了显著变化,且与患者炎症因子有密切的相关性。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者TBIL、ALT、γ GT、 TBA水平变化及肠道菌群分析

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎患者总胆红素(TBIL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、总胆汁酸(TBA)水平及肠道菌群变化。方法选取2017年10月至2018年10月我院收治的慢性乙型肝炎患者80例为观察组,选取同期来我院进行体检的100例健康者为对照组,对比两组对象肝功能指标、血清炎性因子水平和肠道菌群数量。结果观察组患者血清TBIL、ALT、TBA和γ-GT水平显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。观察组患者血清CRP、TNF-α和IL-6水平显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。观察组患者肠道肠杆菌科、普雷沃菌属、拟杆菌属、梭菌属细菌及白假丝酵母数量显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。两组对象肠道瘤胃球菌属、双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属细菌及粪肠球菌数量差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者TBIL、ALT、γ-GT、TBA水平高于健康人群,炎性因子水平也高于正常人群,且存在一定程度的肠道菌群失调。提示肠道菌群结构变化可能对肝脏组织产生一定的损伤。     

肝硬化自发性腹膜炎患者肠道优势菌群分析初探

目的 探讨肝硬化自发性腹膜炎(SBP)患者肠道优势菌群多样性变化的规律.方法 采集肝硬化SBP初始诊治患者和健康受试者各30例,收集粪便样本,进行PCR-DGGE优势菌群结构分析,并应用定量PCR技术检测肠道内乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和肠杆菌科细菌的含量.结果 肝硬化SBP患者肠道优势菌群结构复杂程度明显增多,SBP组和健康对照组患者分别能够聚类到不同的簇中,提示两组受试者肠道优势菌群结构明显不同.定量PCR检测结果发现,肠道优势细菌中双歧杆菌的含量明显下降(7.90±0.96 vs.9.15±1.21),而肠杆菌科细菌的数量明显增多(8.95 ±0.88 vs.7.31±0.40),两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),这与SBP常见的病原菌有一定的相关性.结论 肝硬化SBP患者肠道优势菌群结构明显变化,双歧杆菌属细菌明显减少,肠杆菌科细菌明显增加,肠道微生态失衡可能是SBP发生的内在原因.     

活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群影响的研究

目的 探讨一种活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群的影响作用.方法 采用卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》调节肠道菌群功能检验方法进行检验.结果 试食组试验前后自身比较：肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,肠球菌数量增加（P＜0.05）,产气荚膜梭菌数量明显减少（P＜0.01）,肠杆菌和拟杆菌无明显变化;试验后对照组与试食组组间比较：双歧杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,乳杆菌的数量增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌和拟杆菌无明显变化.结论 活性乳酸菌饮料具有调节人体肠道菌群、改善肠道内环境的作用.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.