蛋白酪氨酸激酶NOK／STYK1胞内区的表达与纯化

目的：酪氨酸蛋白激酶NOK／STYKl具有很强的促肿瘤形成和转移能力,被认为是很有前途的肿瘤治疗靶点。由于NOK含有一个跨膜区,且富含疏水性氨基酸,其表达和纯化非常困难,直接影响了对其功能及相关分子机理的深入研究。本研究目的是获得可溶的且纯度较高的NOK胞内区融合蛋白ANOK（AA：49—422）,为后续抗体的制备和功能研究奠定重要基础。方法：含有△NOK基因的原核表达载体,转入E-coliBL21中,IPTG诱导蛋白表达,通过亲和层析获得可溶的△NOK融合蛋白。融合蛋白经凝血酶酶切后,凝胶过滤层析分离标签蛋白获得z~NOK蛋白。同时,我们还通过Bac-to-Bac系统获得含有ANOK基因的杆状病毒,感染sO细胞,尝试在真核细胞中表达目的蛋白。结果：通过在sf9昆虫细胞和大肠杆菌表达系统中盐浓度等各种条件的摸索,首次获得了可溶的且纯度较高的NOK胞内区融合蛋白（ANOK—GST）和一定量去除标签的ANOK蛋白。本研究中与大肠杆菌相比,昆虫细胞并不适合△NOK的纯化。结论：我们建立了一套优化的NOK蛋白表达和纯化体系,从而为后续抗体制备和各种体内外生化实验等功能研究奠定基础,为研究NOK在肿瘤中的作用和药物筛选创造条件。同时丰富了整个RTKs家族作用机制的探索,进一步促进了以RTKs为靶点的治疗手段在临床上的应用。     

人类肠道病毒68型3A蛋白可溶区的表达及其结构初步研究

为了解人类肠道病毒68型3A蛋白可溶区的结构,本研究构建了EV-D68 3A蛋白可溶区的原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化并对其结构进行了初步研究。首先,采用PCR的方法扩增EV-D68 3A(1~61)基因片段,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a-His-SUMO中,转化进入BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,诱导表达出His-SUMO-3A(1~61)融合蛋白。经Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析初步纯化后得到大量融合蛋白,利用ULP酶酶切去除His-SUMO标签,通过Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析、阴离子交换层析柱、分子筛层析等方法分离标签并进一步纯化目的蛋白。最后通过化学交联反应检测目的蛋白的多聚化状态。结果显示,利用pET28a-His-SUMO-3A(1~61)原核表达载体能够在大肠杆菌中成功表达出大量可溶性的融合蛋白;经过多步纯化方法得到了大量高纯度的目的蛋白,平均每升大肠杆菌可得到约5mg目的蛋白,纯度达95%以上;通过化学交联反应证明了该蛋白的多聚化存在形式。本研究成功建立了EV-D68 3A蛋白可溶区的表达和纯化系统,为进一步获得3A蛋白晶体、研究3A蛋白功能以及设计以3A为靶点的抗病毒药物奠定了基础。     

USP25催化结构域可溶表达探索

USP25在免疫和其他领域有着关键性的调节作用,但目前还没有USP25的结构被报道。为了解析USP25的结构,首先需要得到质量好的可溶蛋白,本篇文章尝试了三种表达体系,分别是大肠杆菌表达体系、昆虫细胞表达体系、昆虫细胞融合MBP标签表达体系,最终在昆虫细胞融合MBP标签表达体系中获得了USP25最关键结构域-催化机构域的可溶蛋白,为结构解析打下了基础。     

SARS冠状病毒S受体结合区蛋白片段在杆状病毒载体中的表达及其抗原性研究

目的:利用Bac-to-Bac1杆状病毒系统,在sf9昆虫细胞中表达严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的S受体结合区蛋白片段,并对其免疫原性进行研究。方法:将S蛋白的受体结合区基因片段定向克隆至转座载体pFast-Bac1,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞,用抗生素平板筛选重组杆粒。脂质体介导重组杆粒转染sf9昆虫细胞,待细胞形态明显改变后收获细胞和培养上清液。利用SARS病人恢复期抗血清做ELISA和Western印迹,分析重组蛋白的抗原性。结果:ELISA和Western印迹表明,在sf9昆虫细胞中表达的SARS-CoVS受体结合区重组蛋白可与SARS病人恢复期抗血清发生特异反应。结论:获得了在昆虫细胞内表达的SARS-CoVS受体结合区重组蛋白,并证明该蛋白有可能用于SARS感染的抗体检测,为SARS-CoV免疫机制及其疫苗的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

人Hepassocin的原核可溶性表达与纯化

目的：构建人Hepassocin的原核表达载体,可溶性表达并纯化得到高纯度的重组人Hepassocino方法：将人Hepassocin基因克隆到原核表达载体pET40b（＋）,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,于28℃经0．1mmol／LIPTG诱导6h,表达Ds-bC-Hepassocin融合蛋白,经镍柱纯化可溶性融合蛋白,用肠激酶切除融合蛋白的DsbC-His标签,再用镍柱纯化分离酶切后的Hepassocin,通过超滤进一步纯化并浓缩,用Western blot验证纯化后的Hepassocin。结果：构建了pET40b-Hepassocin原核表达载体,经诱导表达、亲和层析和肠激酶切除融合标签,获得了相对分子质量约32000的可溶性高纯度蛋白,Western blot鉴定证实该蛋白为不含融合标签的重组人Hepassocin。结论：实现了人Hepassocin的原核可溶性表达,通过纯化获得了较高纯度的重组人Hepassocin,为制备其单克隆抗体,进一步研究其生物学功能奠定了基础。     

纤维连接蛋白细胞结合区功能多肽在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达与纯化

目的：利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统表达纤维连接蛋白（FN）细胞结合区功能多肽（CBD）,并对其进行纯化和鉴定。方法：经PCR获得人血浆FN-CBD基因,酶切后定向克隆到T载体上,经测序正确后插入pFastBacHTB载体,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞;用抗生素平板筛选重组杆粒,脂质体介导重组杆粒转染sf9昆虫细胞并进行蛋白表达;经Ni-NTA层析柱对重组多肽进行纯化,对纯化的多肽行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析。结果：得到融合6个组氨酸残基的FN-CBD,SDS-PAGE显示其相对分子质量约为36000,Western-blot表明该多肽能与FN的多克隆抗体结合。结论：利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统能成功表达出人血浆FN-CBD,且表达产物具有良好的免疫原性,为后续结构、功能研究奠定了基础。     

人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的:表达和纯化人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白。方法:利用PCR搭接方法及基因合成方法获得目的基因,插入带有6×His标签的原核高效可溶性表达载体pET32a中,构建重组表达质粒pET32a-T9-ac-9,将重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导目的基因表达;对融合蛋白进行Ni2+金属螯合柱纯化。结果:构建的重组表达质粒经PCR、内切酶鉴定及基因序列测定证实;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得表达,SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为22.917×103;对表达产物进行了亲和层析纯化,从上清中获得了纯度较高的人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白。结论:获得了可溶性的人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白,为其生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

人IGF-1在大肠杆菌中的可溶表达和纯化

目的:在大肠杆菌中的可溶表达和纯化人胰岛素样生长因子1(hIGF-1)。方法:根据hIGF-1的氨基酸序列和大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性,利用重叠延伸PCR的方法合成hIGF-1DNA序列,构建表达载体,在大肠杆菌OrigamiB(DE3)中与硫氧还蛋白TrxA融合表达,并通过盐析和镍柱亲合层析进行纯化。结果:SDS-PAGE分析显示,重组融合蛋白以可溶形式存在,分子量约为28kDa,占上清总蛋白的50%以上。经盐析和镍柱亲合层析进行纯化,目标蛋白纯度可达到90%左右。结论:复合干扰素在大肠杆菌中的高效可溶表达。     

重组人基质金属蛋白酶12的原核表达与纯化

目的:利用原核系统表达重组对人基质金属蛋白酶12(MMP-12)并纯化,获得高纯度的人MMP-12蛋白。方法:在MMP-12氨基酸序列的N端加入His标签和肠激酶位点序列,构建MMP-12融合蛋白的原核表达载体,通过表达和亲和纯化获得MMP-12融合蛋白,以肠激酶对融合蛋白进行酶切和二次纯化,获得高纯度的人MMP-12。结果:构建了pET-MMP-12表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中实现了稳定高效表达。重组融合蛋白MMP-12经亲和层析纯化后,相对分子质量为42×10~3,纯度约95%。利用肠激酶对融合蛋白MMP-12进行酶切,酶切效率接近100%,通过二次纯化获得了MMP-12,相对分子质量为40.8×10~3,纯度大于95%。结论:利用原核表达系统高效表达了MMP-12融合蛋白,通过亲和纯化和肠激酶酶切的方法可以获得高纯度的MMP-12,为后续抗体制备和配基筛选奠定了基础。     

IGFBP-3高效可溶表达、纯化及生物学活性初步研究

克隆胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP-3)的cDNA片段,构建原核表达载体pET-DsBA-IGFBP3。将该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plysS中,诱导表达IGFBP-3融合蛋白(简称D-IGFBP3)。经检测融合蛋白主要以可溶形式表达。表达产物用His亲和层析柱纯化,获得了纯度超过95%的重组IGFBP-3融合蛋白。Western-blot结果表明在相应分子量处有一条特异性条带。细胞活性研究显示它对MCF-7细胞生长具有一定的抑制作用,且在体外具有与IGF-I结合的活性。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.