幽门螺杆菌急性感染对胃上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)急性感染对GES-1细胞凋亡的影响,揭示H.pylori引起GES-1细胞凋亡变化的分子机制。方法将H.pylori临床分离株SBK与胃上皮细胞GES-1按不同比例(感染复数MOI分别为50∶1和100∶1)共培养24 h,建立H.pylori急性感染模型。采用流式细胞仪分析GES-1的凋亡,通过Western Blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-xL、Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3和NF-κB p65的表达。经H.pylori感染的GES-1细胞为处理组细胞,未经H.pylori感染的GES-1细胞即为对照细胞。使用SPSS 21.0软件对结果进行统计学分析。结果 GES-1细胞经H.pylori处理24 h后,与对照细胞相比,MOI为50∶1(t=11.040,P0.001)和100∶1(t=6.936,P=0.002)的细胞凋亡率均明显增加;MOI为100∶1时GES-1细胞的凋亡率明显高于MOI为50∶1(t=4.875,P=0.008)。与对照组相比,处理组细胞的Bax、Caspase-3表达明显增高,NF-κB p65表达无明显变化,Bcl-xL和Bcl-2在MOI为50∶1时表达升高,而在100∶1时表达下调。结论 H.pylori急性感染通过改变线粒体途径中凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2及Bcl-xL的表达促进GES-1细胞凋亡,且GES-1细胞的凋亡程度与H.pylori的感染复数有关。     

基于数据挖掘分析ONECUT2基因在胃癌的表达及与幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性

目的分析ONECUT2基因在胃癌中的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染的相关性。方法 (1)利用Oncomine数据库、TCGA数据库分析ONECUT2基因在胃癌中的表达,R软件包进行基因的共聚类微阵列数据分析。(2)利用Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库和GEPIA数据库分析ONECUT2差异表达与胃癌患者预后的关系。(3)利用生物信息学功能注释数据平台DAVID对胃癌中与ONECUT2基因表达正相关的前200个基因进行功能富集分析。(4)利用GEO数据库中的数据分析H.pylori感染与ONECUT2表达的相关性。结果 (1)Oncomine数据库中的数据在胃癌、膀胱癌等8种肿瘤中共有14项研究显示ONECUT2基因在肿瘤组织中的高表达;其中胃癌相关的有两项(t=6.064,P0.000 1;t=4.335,P0.000 1);TCGA数据库的数据也证实胃癌中ONECUT2高表达(t=6.680,P0.001)。(2)胃癌中ONECUT2与EHF、FUT6、TNFRSF11A、RSAEF、EPCAM等20个基因有较高的共表达。(3)GO分析发现胃癌中ONECUT2富集在分子结构活性等相关的基因功能上;而KEGG富集分析发现ONECUT2富集于紧密连接功能等6个通路。(4)Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库中207676-at芯片结果显示ONECUT2高表达组患者远期生存率下降(P0.001);GEPIA数据库中的分析结果同样显示ONECUT2高表达组患者其总体生存率(P0.05)和无病生存率(P0.01)下降。GEO数据库中GSE74577(P=0.005)、GSE70394(P=0.034)和GSE25146(P=0.036)三个数据集均显示H.pylori感染AGS和GES-1细胞系后ONECUT2表达上调。结论 ONECUT2在胃癌中高表达,且与胃癌一类致癌原H.pylori感染相关。ONECUT2高表达组患者远期生存率下降,表明其与胃癌发生发展密切相关,可能成为胃癌治疗的新靶点。     

幽门螺杆菌对胃癌前期阶段 胃上皮DNA同源重组修复关键蛋白的影响

目的通过检测胃癌前期阶段幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)阳性和阴性患者胃黏膜组织中DNA损伤标志物γH2AX及同源重组(homologous recombination,HR)修复关键蛋白MRE11、Rad51、CtIP表达水平,评价H.pylori感染在胃癌前期阶段对HR精确修复的影响。方法选择2017年3月至9月行胃镜及病理检测的165例H.pylori阳性和阴性患者,取胃黏膜上皮组织,石蜡包埋切片,行HE染色,根据世界卫生组织标准和更新的悉尼标准,划分病理类型。然后应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测H.pylori和DNA损伤标记蛋白及HR修复关键蛋白表达水平,并行统计学分析。结果胃黏膜上皮细胞中γH2AX的表达,在CSG、CAG和IM阶段,H.pylori阳性组表达高于阴性组(Mann-Whitney U=1116.5,P=0.001;Mann-Whitney U=185.0,P=0.018;Mann-Whitney U=214.5,P=0.041),在Dys阶段,H.pylori阳性组和阴性组差异无统计学意义(Mann-Whitney U=35.5,P=0.964);MRE11的表达,在CSG、CAG阶段,H.pylori阳性组表达高于阴性组(MannWhitney U=1117.0,P=0.001;Mann-Whitney U=201.0,P=0.002),在IM、Dys阶段,H.pylori阳性组和阴性组差异无统计学意义(Mann-Whitney U=171.0,P=0.568;Mann-Whitney U=41.5,P=0.616);Rad51的表达,在CSG、IM阶段,H.pylori阳性组表达低于阴性组(Mann-Whitney U=490.0,P=0.002;Mann-Whitney U=73.0,P=0.007),在CAG、Dys阶段,H.pylori阳性组和阴性组差异无统计学意义(Mann-Whitney U=101.0,P=0.404;Mann-Whitney U=24.0,P=0.291);CtIP的表达,在CSG、IM阶段,H.pylori阳性组表达低于阴性组(Mann-Whitney U=593.0,P=0.044;Mann-Whitney U=58.5,P=0.001),在CAG、Dys阶段,H.pylori阳性组和阴性组差异无统计学意义(Mann-Whitney U=84.0,P=0.136;Mann-Whitney U=18.5,P=0.102)。结论在胃癌前期发展阶段,H.pylori感染导致人体胃上皮细胞DNA损伤,却抑制部分HR修复通道关键蛋白表达,从而可能抑制精确的HR修复,增加细胞恶变几率。     

幽门螺杆菌(SS1)感染及其胃炎的小鼠模型

目的 :建立感染幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacterpylori,H pylori)SS1株BALB/c小鼠感染模型 ,研究H pylori胃内定植及胃黏膜病理变化。 方法 :BALB/c小鼠胃内分别接种体外培养的H pyloriSS1株 (实验组 )或PBS(对照组 ) ,组织学方法评价H pylori定植及胃黏膜病理变化。结果 :所有对照组小鼠胃组织未见H pylori定植 ,胃组织也未见明显的炎症反应 ;而所有实验组小鼠在感染H pylori 12周后 ,胃黏膜表面的黏液层及胃小凹顶端可见大量H pylori,胃体及胃窦交界处、胃体及胃底交界处最多 ;胃组织可见到不同程度的炎性反应 ,感染H pylori 2 4周后 ,胃组织炎性反应加重。结论 :用胃内接种方法建立了小鼠H pylori感染及其相关性胃炎的模型。     

白光胃镜下胃体黏膜形态与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系及其病理特征

目的探讨白光胃镜常规检查时根据不同的胃体黏膜形态判断幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的准确性及其病理表现,了解胃体黏膜形态变化的临床意义。方法选择2017年3月至2018年9月于本院行胃镜检查的520例患者为研究对象,对患者胃体和胃窦同时进行组织病理学和快速尿素酶检查及白光胃镜检查,根据白光胃镜检查结果分为胃体黏膜病变组(232例)和无胃体黏膜病变组(288例),分析胃镜下不同黏膜组织病变与H.pylori的感染情况,采用四格表分析白光胃镜检测对H.pylori感染的诊断价值。结果与无胃体黏膜病变组比较,胃体黏膜病变组患者H.pylori感染率显著升高,同时胃体黏膜黏液分泌增多、胃体黏膜广泛充血、胃体皱襞肥大、黏膜水肿、胃体黏膜"龟纹样"改变、胃体(单发或多发)息肉、胃体可见RAC。不同胃体黏膜病变患者H.pylori感染率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=62.711,P0.001)。胃体黏膜病变患者H.pylori感染率与十二指肠炎、十二指肠溃疡无关(均P0.05),与反流性食管炎、胃溃疡、胃窦糜烂有关(χ~2=7.087、6.230、17.934,P=0.008、0.013、0.001)。白光胃镜诊断H.pylori感染的灵敏度为71.43%,特异度为90.27%,准确度为79.62%,阳性预测值为90.52%,阴性预测值为70.83%。结论白光胃镜下胃体黏膜形态与H.pylori感染率及与炎症、肠化生、黏膜萎缩、非典型增生、反流性食管炎、胃溃疡、胃窦糜烂有关,白光胃镜检查可能对H.pylori感染有一定诊断价值。白光胃镜下较常见且易识别的胃体黏膜充血、水肿、"龟纹样"改变、胃体可见RAC等可能成为白光胃镜预测H.pylori感染的特异性表现。     

不同类型幽门螺杆菌对GES-1细胞Cx32、Cx43表达的影响

目的观察不同类型幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori）对人胃黏膜上皮细胞系GES-1细胞间隙连接蛋白（Connexin,Cx）32和43表达的影响,探讨与Cx32、Cx43表达异常有关的H.pylori菌株类型。方法将临床培养分离的不同H.pylori菌株类型包括东亚型CagA＋H.pylori、西方型CagA＋H.pylori及CagA-H.pylori与GES-1细胞共培养24 h及48 h,对照组不加H.pylori培养24 h及48 h。采用间接免疫荧光方法（IIF）及计算机图像分析技术检测GES-1细胞Cx32、Cx43表达。结果对照组24 h和48 h及加H.pylori各组24 h GES-1细胞Cx32、Cx43表达阳性率均为100%,东亚型CagA＋H.pylori组48 h Cx32、Cx43表达阳性率均低于对照组、CagA-H.pylori组和西方型CagA＋H.pylori组（P〈0.05）;对照组24 h和48 h Cx32、Cx43绿色荧光位于细胞膜,西方型CagA＋H.pylori组和东亚型CagA＋H.pylori组24 h和48 h Cx32绿色荧光大部分位于细胞膜,少部分位于细胞浆,Cx43绿色荧光大部分位于细胞浆,少部分位于细胞膜;东亚型CagA＋H.pylori组和西方型CagA＋H.pylori组24 h及48 hCx32、Cx43表达强度低于对照组和CagA-H.pylori组（P〈0.05）,且东亚型CagA＋H.pylori组较西方型CagA＋H.py-lori组减弱更明显（P〈0.05）。结论 H.pylori下调GES-1细胞Cx32、Cx43表达,以CagA＋H.pylori菌株特别是东亚型CagA＋H.pylori菌株作用更明显。     

慢性胃炎患者胃黏膜菌群定位及定量分析

目的对慢性胃炎患者胃黏膜菌群进行定位及定量分析,探究其与胃炎及幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染的相关性。方法收集58例慢性胃炎患者胃黏膜标本,提取胃黏膜菌群DNA,行荧光定量PCR定量胃黏膜总细菌及H.pylori,并进行相关性分析;另收集12例慢性胃炎患者胃黏膜标本石蜡包埋切片行荧光原位杂交定位胃黏膜菌群;慢性胃炎、肠化生程度的分类依据新悉尼分类系统。结果慢性胃炎患者胃黏膜细菌主要分布于胃黏膜表面、胃小凹及腺体中,细菌单个散在分布或聚集成团。多元线性回归分析显示胃黏膜总细菌数与性别、年龄、肠化生程度无关,与H.pylori感染、慢性胃炎程度有关(P0.05)。H.pylori阳性组胃黏膜总细菌数与H.pylori细菌数目呈明显正相关(r=0.536,P0.01)。不同胃炎程度之间胃黏膜总细菌数差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中重度胃炎组胃黏膜总细菌数明显高于轻、中度胃炎组(P0.05、0.01)。不同肠化生程度之间胃黏膜总细菌数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。H.pylori阳性组胃黏膜总细菌数明显高于阴性组(P0.01)。结论慢性胃炎患者胃黏膜菌群主要分布于胃黏膜表面、胃小凹及腺体中,细菌单个散在分布或聚集成团。胃黏膜菌群与慢性胃炎程度、H.pylori感染有关,与性别、年龄、肠化生程度无关,提示胃黏膜菌群的改变参与慢性胃炎的发展,H.pylori感染可改变胃黏膜菌群。     

H.pylori对MGs胃黏膜Cx32、Cx43及相关转录因子表达的影响

目的观察幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)对蒙古沙土鼠(Mongolian gerbils,MGs)胃黏膜Cx32、Cx43和转录因子GATA-3、AP-4、PBX-1、C/EBPβ表达的影响及其相关性,探讨H.pylori致癌的机制。方法实验组采用经胃镜及病理确诊的胃癌患者胃黏膜分离的H.pylori对36只MGs灌胃,对照组5只用灭菌PBS灌胃;分批处死,观察H.pylori灌胃后第4、24、48、72周MGs H.pylori定植和胃黏膜病变情况,及Cx32、Cx43和转录因子表达变化。结果实验组H.pylori定植率为80.0%,灌胃后第4、24周MGs胃黏膜肉眼见充血水肿或糜烂、出血,HE染色呈不同程度慢性非萎缩性胃炎(NAG),48周后6例肉眼见胃黏膜变薄、颜色灰暗,HE染色4例慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)、2例肠化(IM),对照组无H.pylori定植,胃黏膜肉眼及HE染色无明显异常;实验组较对照组MGs胃组织Cx32、Cx43表达显著下降,转录因子GATA-3、AP-4、PBX-1、C/EBPβ表达显著升高(P0.05),其中有胃癌前病变(CAG和IM)者较NAG者改变明显(P0.05);Cx32、Cx43与转录因子表达呈负相关(-1r0,P0.05)。结论 H.pylori感染上调MGs胃黏膜转录因子GATA-3、AP-4、PBX-1和C/EBPβ表达,下调Cx32、Cx43表达,可能与胃癌发生有关。     

小鼠萎缩性胃炎模型的构建及与血清胃泌素 17、白介素 8的关系

目的建立小鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)模型;用此模型探讨胃泌素-17(gastrin-17,G-17)及白介素-8(IL-8)在CAG诊断和病程进展中的应用价值。方法选取SPF级、体质量22～24 g、5～7周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠40只,随机分为阴性对照组(A组,超纯水)、高盐组(B组,1.8%NaCl溶液)、H.pylori组(C组,H.pylori悉尼菌株SS1)和高盐+H.pylori组(D组,1.8%NaCl溶液+SS1菌株)4组,每组10只,分别对各组小鼠进行灌胃处理。于第16周和第24周每组分别处死5只小鼠,通过免疫组化观察H.pylori情况、胃黏膜病理组织学变化,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测小鼠血清G-17和IL-8的表达水平。结果灌胃处理16周可观察到B、D两组小鼠CAG造模成功,G-17表达水平差异无统计学意义(χ~2=6.591,P0.05);C、D两组小鼠IL-8表达水平较A、B两组明显升高(F=25.241,P0.05)。24周后可观察到B、C、D三个实验组均CAG造模成功:B、D组小鼠G-17表达水平较A组明显降低(χ~2=15.006,P0.05),C组G-17水平与A组差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.681,P0.05);H.pylori处理组(C、D)小鼠的IL-8水平明显升高(F=31.941,P0.05)。结论高盐饮食和胃黏膜H.pylori定植均可成功构建C57BL/6小鼠CAG模型,且高盐饮食可加快该模型的建立;血清G-17表达水平与CAG病情严重程度呈负相关,而IL-8的表达水平与是否H.pylori感染有关。     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃疾病中miR-551b和miR-124a的表达及意义CSCD

目的 检测miR-551b、miR-124a在慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)、慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)及胃癌(GC)患者胃黏膜组织中表达水平,探讨miR-551b、miR-124a与幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的关系及在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法 选择2018年7月-2019年8月在本院肿瘤科与消化科住院的患者120例,其中CSG患者40例,CAG患者40例,GC患者40例。采用qRT-PCR法检测各研究对象胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平,分析miR-551b、miR-124a水平与H.pylori感染及GC患者临床病理特征的关系。结果 GC组患者胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平低于CSG组、CAG组(P<0.05),CSG、CAG组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);H.pylori阳性感染GC患者胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平低于H.pylori阴性感染患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中低分化、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ、浸润深度为T3-T4、有淋巴结转移的GC患者胃黏膜组织中miR-551b、miR-124a表达量低于高分化、TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ、浸润深度为T1-T2、无淋巴结转移的GC患者(P<0.05)。miR-551b、miR-124a表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。结论 miR-551b、miR-124a在GC患者胃黏膜组织中低表达,且在H.pylori阳性感染患者中低表达,检测miR-551b、miR-124a表达水平可能在H.pylori感染所致胃黏膜组织癌变过程中具有一定预测作用。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV