大蒜有性胚培养首次成功

大蒜（Alium salivum L.)为二年生草本植物,营养丰富,鲜食可做佐餐蔬菜和调味品;配合现代栽培和保鲜贮存技术,可使蒜头,蒜薹、蒜苗周年供应;加工可作调味品、食品、饲料添加剂。大蒜不仅含有天然广谱杀菌素,还能抑制胃内硝酸盐还原菌生长,阻断亚硝胺合破,破坏癌细胞染色体结构,致死癌细胞,激活人体巨噬细胞,增强身体免疫力,是医疗保健制剂及美容化妆品的重要原料。     

土壤施硒对烤烟生理指标的影响

以烤烟品种K326盆栽试验为基础,研究了不同浓度Se对烤烟生长过程中生理特性、烤烟叶片硒含量及硒积累速率的影响.结果表明:低浓度Se(≤8 mg/kg)对烤烟叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量有促进作用,可提高烤烟叶片中SOD、POD活性;高浓度硒(≥12mg/kg)降低了烤烟叶片SOD、POD活性,烟株生长受到抑制甚至死亡.在适宜的硒浓度范围内,烤烟MDA含量有所降低,缓解了膜脂的过氧化程度;POD活性随着生育期的延长而提高;烤烟生长前期的SOD活性高于后期;烤烟生长中期的MDA含量明显低于前期和后期.随着土壤中硒含量的增加,烤烟叶片中的硒含量逐渐递增,而硒在烤烟叶片中的积累速率呈现出先增高后降低的趋势.     

水稻籽粒发育过程中各器官镉积累量的变化及其与基因型和土壤镉水平的关系

以镉（Cd）积累潜力不同的2个籼稻品种为材料,研究了籽粒发育过程中各器官中Cd含量的动态变化及其与土壤中Cd含量的关系。结果表明,在含Cd的生长环境中,水稻根系中的Cd含量在整个生育期中保持稳定增长的趋势,而茎叶、穗轴和稻壳等器官在营养生长阶段积累了大量的Cd,然后在籽粒充实过程中向外输出,其中旗叶和稻壳中的Cd输出率在50%以上,明显高于其他营养器官。根系和叶片中的Cd含量与土壤中的Cd含量呈高度线性相关,茎秆和籽粒中的Cd含量与土壤中的Cd含量呈抛物线相关,说明根系、茎秆、叶片等营养器官对Cd有储存和“过滤”作用。低积累品种‘X24’穗轴中的Cd含量明显低于高积累品种‘T705’,说明营养器官中的Cd向籽粒中转运的速率是决定籽粒中Cd积累量的关键因素。但是,只有当土壤中的Cd含量为0.3~1.2 mg＆#183;kg-1时,低积累品种精米中的Cd含量才会显著低于高积累品种;当土壤中的Cd含量高于2.4 mg＆#183;kg-1时,2个品种精米中的Cd含量没有显著差异。     

籼稻桂华占、八桂香花后营养器官干物质流转与籽粒灌浆关系

以桂华占和八桂香2个籼稻品种为材料,研究籼稻花后不同部位器官物质积累、运转与籽粒生长的动态特征及相互关系。结果表明:(1)叶、叶鞘、节间干物质流转存在一定差异,倒2叶鞘对籽粒的贡献超过倒3叶鞘和倒1叶鞘,倒3节间对籽粒的贡献超过倒2节间和倒1节间;(2)不同部位籽粒的灌浆速率和拐点粒重呈现UPG(上部籽粒)MPG(中部籽粒)BPG(下部籽粒)变化趋势,拐点时间和活跃灌浆时间及持续灌浆时间均呈现BPGMPGUPG变化规律,UPG启动早,灌浆速率大,BPG的灌浆速率小,灌浆时间滞后,籽粒粒重呈现UPGMPGBPG;(3)叶片、叶鞘及节间干物质运转速度和运转率都与籽粒起始灌浆势呈正相关,其中器官间与起始灌浆势的相关系数大小表现为节间叶鞘叶片,不同叶位间与起始灌浆势的相关系数大小表现为倒2叶倒3叶倒1叶,其中节间干物质运转对籽粒生长的作用大于叶鞘,叶片干物质运转与籽粒生长的相关性最小。倒1节鞘物质输出与BPG生长时间上同步,倒2节鞘与MPG生长同步,倒3节鞘与UPG生长同步。     

镉胁迫对大蒜苗生理特性的影响及施钙的缓解效应

通过营养液水培方式,研究了镉(Cd²⁺)对大蒜苗生长、光合特性、叶片酶活性及主要矿质元素吸收的影响及增施不同浓度钙(Ca²⁺)对镉胁迫大蒜苗的缓解效应. 结果表明：与正常生长的大蒜苗相比,施镉能明显降低大蒜苗的形态指标(株高、假茎粗、假茎长及鲜质量),减少叶片的色素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(E)及气孔导度(g_s),减弱叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性并增加丙二醛(MDA)含量,减少根中矿质元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)含量并增加Cd含量. 增施钙能显著促进镉胁迫大蒜苗的生长,随所增施钙浓度的提高,大蒜苗的形态指标均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在其浓度为2或3 mmol·L^-1时达到峰值;同时,增施钙也可有效提高镉胁迫大蒜叶片的色素含量及光合参数(P_n、E、g_s),其变化趋势与形态指标类似,均在所增施钙浓度为2或3 mmol·L^-1时最高;另外,增施钙能增强镉胁迫大蒜叶片的抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性并降低MDA含量,还可增加根中矿质元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)含量并减少Cd含量,且施钙浓度为2或3 mmol·L^-1时效果最好.
     

转基因cry1Ab在高粱不同器官中的表达水平

用Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac板式试剂盒测定了Cry1Ab蛋白在转基因高粱不同器官中的表达水平。结果表明,不同组织器官的Cry1Ab蛋白含量有明显差异,其顺序为叶鞘>叶>颖壳>籽粒>根>茎髓,在花药中则检测不到;不同部位的叶片、叶鞘和茎髓的Cry1Ab蛋白含量也有较大差异,中部叶的Cry1Ab蛋白含量高于上部叶和基部叶,叶鞘中是中部>基部>上部,茎髓中则表现为基部最高。     

镉污染地区番茄品种的筛选及其抗氧化能力

为了筛选可供利用的番茄污染安全品种 (Pollution-safe cultivar,PSC),减少镉 (Cd) 污染地区食品安全隐患,通过土培及水培试验研究了南方地区常见不同番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum) 品种对Cd的积累差异。首先利用土培试验在2.94 mg/kg Cd胁迫下从25个番茄品种中筛选出高低积累品种,并进一步利用水培试验测定高低积累番茄品种对Cd胁迫的响应情况。土培试验结果表明,在2.94 mg/kg Cd胁迫下,25种番茄株高、总生物量以及产量有显著差异,并且25种番茄果实Cd含量均超过国际食品法典委员会 (Codex alimentarius commission,CAC) 标准的最高限值 (0.05 mg/kg)。通过聚类分析,筛选到果实中Cd高积累、中积累、低积累类群分别有7个、4个和14个品种,其中果实Cd含量最高为3.06 mg/kg DW,最低为1.47 mg/kg DW,平均为2.21 mg/kg DW。水培试验结果显示,在相同浓度Cd胁迫下,与Cd低积累品种浙粉3053相比,Cd高积累品种钱塘旭日F1 其吸收Cd的速度更快、Cd积累量更大、产生氧化应激反应时间更短、对Cd的耐受性也更强。筛选出来的典型Cd高低积累品种,为重金属污染区域农业生产以及开发污染安全品种的分子辅助育种提供参考。种植低Cd积累PSC品种,结合番茄果实Cd含量动态监控,是在中轻度Cd污染地区目前较为可行的方法。     

早晚季水稻精米和米皮硒含量的基因型差异研究

选用福建省生产上推广应用的水稻品种(组合)、特种稻和旱稻共45份种质资源为试验材料,在早、晚季分析不同基因型水稻精米和米皮中硒含量的差异.结果表明:①早、晚季水稻品种精米和米皮中硒含量表现均无明显差异.②水稻品种精米和米皮中硒含量分布遵循正态分布规律,表明水稻精米和米皮中硒含量属数量性状.③不同基因型水稻品种精米和米皮中硒含量差异很大,不同品种具有不同的富硒能力.其中早季精米硒含量最高的品种是罗旱紫谷(0.065mg/kg),最低的是84VE303(0.012mg/kg);晚季精米硒含量最高的品种是罗旱紫谷(0.068mg/kg),最低的是加州红米(0.009mg/kg).④早、晚季种植的精米硒含量达0.04 mg/kg以上的水稻品种有:罗旱紫谷、隆化大红欲、555-99、Ziukdo、矮血糯,其中罗旱紫谷精米中硒含量最高,早晚季平均达0.067 mg/kg.     

灌水对不同品种小麦茎和叶鞘糖含量及产量的影响

以冬小麦品种济麦20和泰山22为材料,设置全生育期不灌水(W0)、灌冬水+拔节水(W1)、灌冬水+拔节水+开花水(W2)、灌冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(W3)4个处理,研究不同灌水处理对小麦倒二茎节间和叶鞘中水溶性碳水化合物含量和籽粒产量的影响.结果表明:两品种W0处理灌浆初期倒二茎节间和叶鞘的可溶性总糖、聚合度(DP) ≥4和DP=3的果聚糖含量最高,灌浆后期的果糖含量最高,这有利于倒二茎节间和叶鞘水溶性碳水化合物的积累与降解,从而提高千粒重,灌水处理间比较,济麦20的W1处理在灌浆初期倒二茎节间和叶鞘的DP≥4、DP=3果聚糖含量和灌浆中后期的可溶性总糖、果糖含量最高,其籽粒产量也最高;泰山22的W2处理在灌浆初期倒二茎节间和叶鞘的DP≥4、DP=3果聚糖含量最高,灌浆后期的果糖含量高于W1处理,其籽粒产量也最高,品种间比较,泰山22灌浆阶段的倒二茎节间和叶鞘的可溶性总糖、DP≥4果聚糖含量和灌浆后期的果糖含量高于济麦20.两品种的籽粒产量对水分处理的响应不同,济麦20的籽粒产量在W0和W1条件下高于泰山22,在W2和W3条件下低于泰山22.本试验中,济麦20的W1处理和泰山22的W2处理有利于倒二茎节间和叶鞘中水溶性碳水化合物的积累与降解,其籽粒产量显著高于其他处理,分别是两品种的最优水分处理.     

蒜头果幼苗衰退过程中组织养分含量变化特征

在没有寄主植物存在的情况下,蒜头果幼苗长势随独立生长时间延长而逐渐衰退是一种普遍现象。为解析蒜头果幼苗衰退过程中组织养分含量变化和分布特征,该研究比较了独立生长半年、两年和三年的蒜头果植株各部分组织中N、P、K元素浓度变化,并用组织切片染色法定性评估了这些不同衰退程度幼苗的根和茎杆中淀粉分布和含量变化。结果表明：(1)蒜头果幼苗在衰退过程中,除侧根中K浓度逐渐升高外,其余器官中组织N、P、K浓度逐渐降低,叶片N/P比逐渐失衡,衰退程度不同的幼苗所受的养分胁迫类型存在差异,其中独立生长半年的蒜头果幼苗主要受N供应不足的限制(平均N/P比11.33),两年后转为P限制(平均N/P比17.81),三年后蒜头果幼苗叶片N/P比严重失衡(均值52.46),活力极低,不适合用于造林。(2)植株淀粉含量水平逐渐降低,独立生长三年后蒜头果幼苗植株中淀粉消耗殆尽。幼苗茎根交界处、根顶膨大处、主根及侧根的淀粉含量水平在不同衰退程度的幼苗间差异均较显著,表明淀粉含量水平可以作为评估幼苗活力的重要参考,其中侧根可以作为微创法检测幼苗活力的理想取样部位。鉴于独立生长的蒜头果幼苗活力逐渐衰退与组织养分含量降低有关...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.