转Bt基因玉米根际微生物和细菌生理群多样性

大田栽培条件下,以转Bt玉米Mon810及其亲本非转基因玉米为研究对象,在玉米的不同生育期测定根际土壤微生物的数量变化,并对细菌群落结构及多样性进行了分析。结果表明,各生育期内Bt玉米与对照相比根际土壤真菌无显著差异,但细菌在抽丝期,放线菌在苗期二者有显著差异。同种细菌功能群的数量变化在Bt玉米和对照各生育期内趋势一致,不同的菌群表现不同。亚硝化细菌、好气固氮菌、氨化细菌和钾细菌的数量变化波动较大,其中Bt玉米和对照相比好气固氮菌的数量在生育期内有5个生育期有显著差异,而氨化细菌、钾细菌和亚硝酸菌仅分别在乳熟期、喇叭口期及拔节期和抽雄期差异显著。好气纤维分解菌和硝化细菌在苗期、拔节期和喇叭口期差异显著,无机磷分解菌在乳熟期和完熟期数量差异显著。整个生育期内3种群落特征参数均保持基本稳定,除乳熟期和完熟期外Bt玉米根际微生物群落特征参数均高于对照。     

Genome organization and variation in the 3′-partial sequence of garlic latent virus in China

Ten different isolates of a carlavirus were detected by degenerate PCR from 12 garlic samples collected from 6 provinces in China, and the complete genome sequence of the Zhejiang isolate ZJ1 and 3′-terminal sequences of 9 other isolates were determined. The RNA genome of isolate ZJ1 consisted of 8363nts excluding the 3′-poly (A) tail, and the genome organization was similar to other carlaviruses with 6 open reading frames encoding a replicase, TGB1, TGB2, TGB3, CP and NABP respectively. Sequence comparisons showed that all 10 isolates were Garlic latent virus (GarLV). The variations in the TGB2, TGB3 and NABP were more significant than those in the CP. High homology was also detected between those isolates and Shallot latent virus (ShLV). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that GarLV isolates from garlic can be divided into 4 main groups and Chinese isolates belonged to each group. This is the first reported molecular analysis of members of the genus Carlavirus in China.     

Genome organization and variation in the 3′-partial sequence of garlic latent virus in China

Ten different isolates of a carlavirus were detected by degenerate PCR from 12 garlic samples collected from 6 provinces in China, and the complete genome sequence of the Zhejiang isolate ZJ1 and 3'-terminal sequences of 9 other isolates were determined. The RNA genome of isolate ZJ1 consisted of 8363nts excluding the 3'-poly (A) tail, and the genome organization was similar to other carlaviruses with 6 open reading frames encoding a replicase, TGB1, TGB2, TGB3, CP and NABP respectively. Sequence comparisons showed that all 10 isolates were Garlic latent virus (GarLV). The variations in the TGB2, TGB3 and NABP were more significant than those in the CP. High homology was also detected between those isolates and Shallot latent virus (ShLV). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that GarLV isolates from garlic can be divided into 4 main groups and Chinese isolates belonged to each group. This is the first reported molecular analysis of members of the genus Carlavirus in China.     

山东省玉米矮花叶病毒的生物学特性及基因组全序列测定

对山东省玉米矮花叶病毒原分离物(SD)进行了寄主范围、血清学等普通生物学鉴定,测定了该病毒的基因组核苷酸全序列。该病毒基因组RNA由9596个核苷酸组成(不包括3’—polyA的长度),整个基因组按一个ORF编码一个3063个氨基酸的多聚蛋白。序列比较表明,该病毒分离物(SD)与玉米矮花叶病河南分离物(HN,EMBL登录号：AF94510)核苷酸全序列同源性最高,为98．2％,与已报道的甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)7个分离物同源性也高达79．5％-98．2％,但与玉米矮花叶病毒保加利亚分离物(MDMV—B8,AJ001691)和高梁花叶病毒萧山甘蔗分离物(SrMV—XoS,AJ310197)的同源性仅为67．8％和69．3％,与约翰逊草花叶病毒(226920,JGMV)差异最大。系统进化树分析也表明,该病毒与SCMV分离物位于同一进化簇,而与MDMV进化关系很远。     

Genome organization and variation in the 3′-partial sequence of garlic latent virus in China

Ten different isolates of a carlavirus were detected by degenerate PCR from 12 garlic samples collected from 6 provinces in China, and the complete genome sequence of the Zhejiang isolate ZJ1 and 3’-terminal sequences of 9 other isolates were determined. The RNA genome of isolate ZJ1 consisted of 8363nts excluding the 3’-poly (A) tail, and the genome organization was similar to other carlaviruses with 6 open reading frames encoding a replicase, TGB1, TGB2, TGB3, CP and NABP respectively. Sequence comparisons showed that all 10 isolates were Garlic latent virus (GarLV). The variations in the TGB2, TGB3 and NABP were more significant than those in the CP. High homology was also detected between those isolates and Shallot latent virus (ShLV). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that GarLV isolates from garlic can be divided into 4 main groups and Chinese isolates belonged to each group. This is the first reported molecular analysis of members of the genus Carlavirus in China.     

转基因玉米外源基因通过花粉漂移的频率和距离

基因漂移是转基因生物可能引起生态环境安全性问题的主要风险之一,选用美国孟山都公司的转基因抗除草剂玉米GA21进行了外源基因向周边环境遗传漂移的距离和频率的研究,结果表明:转基因玉米的外源基因可以向周边玉米品种进行漂移,其最大漂移频率为45.10%,150m处仍能检测到外源基因的漂移,防止转基因玉米基因向外扩散的最佳途径为设置隔离带,隔离距离以200m以上为好。     

大蒜有性胚培养首次成功

大蒜（Alium salivum L.)为二年生草本植物,营养丰富,鲜食可做佐餐蔬菜和调味品;配合现代栽培和保鲜贮存技术,可使蒜头,蒜薹、蒜苗周年供应;加工可作调味品、食品、饲料添加剂。大蒜不仅含有天然广谱杀菌素,还能抑制胃内硝酸盐还原菌生长,阻断亚硝胺合破,破坏癌细胞染色体结构,致死癌细胞,激活人体巨噬细胞,增强身体免疫力,是医疗保健制剂及美容化妆品的重要原料。     

我国大蒜潜隐病毒的基因组结构及3′端序列的变异

从我国6个省市12个大蒜样品上共检出10个不同的香石竹潜隐病毒属(Carlavirus)分离物, 测定了浙江分离物ZJ1的基因组全序列和其他9个分离物的基因组3′端序列. ZJ1分离物RNA基因组全长8363个核苷酸, 3′端具polyA尾, 含6个可读 框(ORF), 分别编码复制酶, TGB1, TGB2, TGB3, CP和NABP, 基因组结构和其他Carlavirus属成员相似. 序列分析表明, 10个分离物均为大蒜潜隐病毒(GarLV), 不同分离物TGB2, TGB3和NABP的差异大于CP的差异, 且这些分离物和葱潜隐病毒(ShLV)也具有很高的同源性. 系统进化树分析表明, 大蒜来源的GarLV分离物可以分成4个类群, 我国分离物分别属于4个不同类群.