大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库的构建

目的:为筛选和克隆大乳头水螅发育调控相关基因的全长cDNA,构建大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库.方法:提取大乳头水螅总RNA后从其中分离mRNA,运用SMART技术构建RACE cDNA文库.为鉴定所构建文库的质量,根据GenBank中大乳头水螅actin基因cDNA序列设计5'RACE和3'RACE的引物及用于扩增actin基因编码区全长序列的引物.结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明,RACE cDNA文库中全长cDNA的长度集中在500-2 000bp之间.5'RACE、3'RACE PCR及扩增actin基因编码区全长序列时均以本文构建的大乳头水螅RACE cDNA文库为模板,这3个PCR反应均能扩增出产物,产物大小与目标片段预计大小相似.PCR产物分别经T/A克隆及测序后证明为大乳头水螅actin基因cDNA的相应序列.结论:RACE cDNA文库的成功构建为通过RACE方法获得大乳头水螅功能基因cDNA全长序列奠定了基础.     

人甲状腺受体相互作用蛋白15基因全长cDNA的克隆及其特性

通过生物信息学分析及RT PCR技术 ,从人垂体cDNA文库中克隆到甲状腺素受体相互作用蛋白 15(hTRIP15)的全长cDNA ,长度 1963bp ,编码 4 4 3氨基酸 ,同时克隆该基因不同剪接方式所形成的新的异构体 ,长度 1984bp ,编码 4 50氨基酸 .与基因组序列比较显示该基因具有 12个外显子 ,5号外显子 3′端具有 2个剪切的接点 (-ag) .搜寻UniGene数据库作染色体定位于D15S146 D15S117,该基因在生物进化上具有较高的保守性 ,从单细胞藻类到人类均有该基因同源物表达 ,亚细胞定位为核内 .Northern杂交显示 ,该基因具有 3种不同大小的转录本 ,分别约为 2 0、3 5及 4 0kb ,且在人体各组织中均有一定表达 ,其中骨骼肌、心脏及肾脏组织为高表达 .半定量RT PCR显示在一些内分泌组织均有表达 ,以肾上腺较高 .     

人脂多糖结合蛋白基因的克隆及序列测定

采用PCR技术,从人肝cDNA文库中扩增获得了1.5 kb的脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）的全长基因.序列分析表明,克隆的LBP基因编码的氨基酸序列与文献报道相同.     

人SDCT2基因的两种不同转录产物选择性转录机理分析

为了克隆人高亲和力钠离子依赖性二羧酸转运蛋白 (highaffinitysodium dependentdicarboxylatetransporter,SDCT2 ,或NaDC3)基因并研究其生理功能 ,用大鼠SDCT2基因序列作为电子杂交探针对人EST数据库进行电子筛选 ,得到了一系列与大鼠SDCT2序列具有高度同源性的人EST序列 ,将它们拼接成 2个基因重叠群 ,设计特异性PCR引物通过RT PCR扩增得到 2条杂交探针用于筛选人肾cDNA文库 .从肾组织中同时克隆出了人SDCT2基因 2种mRNA变异体的全长cDNA(SDCT2α和SDCT2 β) ,两者 5′端前 3435bp序列完全一致 ,但 3′端长度不同 ,SDCT2 β在第 3435bp以后比SDCT2α多出了 5 85bp的序列 .Northern杂交和RT PCR显示 ,SDCT2α在人肾中的表达丰度最高 ,在肝、脾、胎盘、脑及结肠中也有低水平的表达 .而SDCT2 β主要在肾脏中表达 ,在脾也有低水平的表达 .基因组结构分析表明 ,虽然两种mRNAs均由 13个外显子组成 ,但是SDCT2α的第 13外显子含有 1个poly(A)加尾信号AATAAA ,而SDCT2 β的第 13外显子含有 2个poly(A)加尾信号 .这表明在肾脏和脾脏组织中 ,人SDCT2基因可能通过选择性使用位于第 13外显子不同位置的 2个poly(A)信号而转录出 2种不同长度的mRNA变异体 .     

萘胁迫下水稻幼苗抑制差减杂交cDNA文库构建

从200mg/Kg萘胁迫水稻幼苗根系中成功分离和纯化了高纯度的总RNA和mRNA,并以无萘处理为Driver,以200mg/Kg的幼苗为Tester,通过cDNA双链的合成及两次PCR扩增,富集到两组处理中差异表达的大小在200～800bp的cDNA序列,pGEMT的连接和蓝白斑筛选表明杂交文库滴度和重组率分别达到1.5×106 pfu/mL和96%,共收集阳性克隆8000个,形成了抑制消减杂交的质粒cDNA文库.随机挑取酶切质粒的电泳分析表明,载体中均有插入片段.高效抑制消减杂交文库的建立为进一步分析基因的差异表达及分离萘胁迫下抗性基因奠定了基础.     

甜菜胞质型谷氨酰胺合成酶基因组DNA的克隆

以甜菜叶片为材料,用CTAB法提取基因组DNA.以分段PCR法扩增得到了完整的甜菜胞质型谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS1)基因组DNA.采用RT-PCR法扩增此GS1基因(GS1)的cDNA序列应用于对照.获得了长度为9 606bp的完整的GS1 DNA序列和长度为1 068 bp的GSI cDNA序列.分析GS1基因组DNA序列表明,它包含13个外显子,被12个内含子分隔开.其外显子区与已公布的GS1 mRNA序列的相似性达99.5%.RT-PCR法获得的cDNA序列与已知的GS1 mRNA序列相似性达99.6%.而2次实验中GS1基因组DNA外显子区与GS1 cDNA序列的相似性达99.9%.GenBank登录号为EU370974.     

用限制性cDNA文库制作K562细胞基因表达谱芯片探针

以人红白血病K562细胞为材料,应用限制性显示PCR（RD-PCR）技术构建cDNA文库,该文库通过PCR引物3′端延伸两个不同碱基形成136对引物对cDNA进行限制性扩增,得到136组不同的PCR扩增产物,纯化后与载体连接并转化细菌,即为限制性cDNA文库,根据不同的分组进行克隆的鉴定和分离。并进行大量扩增制备cDNA芯片探针,该方法构建的文库因经过了限制性分组扩增,每组均含有特定的cDNA,因而大大加快了随后克隆的分离 和鉴定的速度,为基因芯片探针制备提供了一个新方法。     

大鼠脑红蛋白基因编码区的克隆、多态性分析及该基因组织表达谱研究

参考人和小鼠脑红蛋白（Neuroglobin,NGB)的cDNA序列设计简并引物,用RT－PCR方法从大鼠脑组织中扩增出大鼠NGB基因编码区的cDNA序列,该序列与小鼠NGB基因编码区的序列同尖性为96％,与人NGB基因编码区的序列同源性为88％,进一步分析表明,大鼠NGB基因编码区存在多个多态性位点;113t/c[138P],133a/g[N45D],388a/g[R130G],417t/c.该序列已被GenBank接受,登录号为AF333245,RT－PCR分析表明,该基因在大鼠脑,肝,肾,心肌和骨骼肌中均有较高水平表达,提示了其功能上的重要性。     

人胎肝唾液酸转移酶基因的克隆及测序*

根据已克隆的唾液酸转移酶的保守区的序列,以人胎肝mRNA为模板扩增出150bp的片段并测序。其中一个片段(s38)与已克隆的唾液酸转移酶的活性中心有57％～97％的同源性。根据s38的序列合成寡核苷酸并标记后用作探针筛选人胎肝cDNA文库。从文库中分离了一个编码α2,3－唾液酸转移酶的cDNA。该cDNA序列含一个编码340个氨基酸的开放读框,推导的氨基酸序列与人颌下腺(Galβ1,GalNAc。Α2,3－唾液酸转移酶相同,与猪颌下腺α2,3－唾液酸转移酶有83.2％的同源性。表明从人胎肝cDNA文库中分离的cDNA所编码的蛋白为Galβ1,3GalNAcα2,3－唾液酸转移酶。     

一种用少量标本快速构建老年性白内障消减cDNA文库的方法

为从少量标本中获得含较多大片段的、高质量的老年性白内障消减cDNA文库,利用磁珠分离、生物素标记的改良消减杂交法获得差异cDNA,利用选择性PCR法扩增其中大片段差异cDNA,从而成功构建老年性白内障消减cDNA文库.在文库中随机挑取的22个克隆中,1 000 bp以上的片段有7个,占31.8%,750 bp以上有15个,占68.2%.所得cDNA片段较大,可以满足下一步研究需要.改良消减杂交法结合选择性PCR法可以从少量标本中快速有效地获得大片段高质量的消减cDNA文库.     

Cloning, Characterization, and Chromosome Mapping of RPS6KC1, a Novel Putative Member of the Ribosome Protein S6 Kinase Family, to Chromosome 12q12–q13.1

A novel cDNA encoding a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase was isolated from a human skeletal muscle cDNA library. It contains an open reading frame that extends from nt 104 to 1510 and codes for a protein of 469 amino acids. A catalytic domain containing the conserved residues of the Ser/Thr protein kinase, especially human ribosome protein S6 kinase (RSK), was found to be located in the C-terminal end of the deduced protein. The gene was mapped to human chromosome 12q12-q13.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and this result was confirmed with the Radiation Hybrid GB4 panel. Northern hybridization showed that the novel gene is expressed in all 16 human tissues tested with especially strong expression in testis, skeletal muscle, and brain, whereas weak expression was detected in kidney, thymus, small intestine, liver, lung, heart, and colon.     

Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human aldolase: a messenger RNA in the liver

Nearly complete cDNA clones for human aldolase A mRNA were isolated from human liver cDNA library and the nucleotide sequence determined. Using the cDNA clone as a probe the length of human aldolase A mRNAs, isolated from the skeletal muscle, liver and placenta tissues, was measured by RNA blotting and estimated to be 1,600 nucleotides for skeletal muscle mRNA and 1,700 nucleotides for both the liver and placenta mRNAs, indicating that different species of mRNA coding for human aldolase A were expressed in the different tissues.     

Molecular cloning of cDNA for the catalytic subunit of rat liver type 2A protein phosphatase, and detection of high levels of expression of the gene in normal and cancer cells

A cloned cDNA encoding a catalytic subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase from a rat liver cDNA library was obtained by use of a synthetic oligonucleotide corresponding to the tryptic peptide sequence of the purified enzyme. There was only a single amino acid difference between the deduced amino acid sequence of the clone obtained and those of the catalytic subunits, 2A alpha, of the rabbit skeletal muscle, porcine kidney and human liver enzymes, suggesting that this clone was a rat 2A alpha cDNA. On Northern blot analysis using a cDNA fragment as a probe, three mRNA species were detected in rat liver: a major mRNA of 2.0 kb and a minor one of 2.7 kb under high stringency conditions, and also a 1.1 kb mRNA under low stringency conditions. The 2A alpha gene was found to be highly expressed in various tissues of rat, especially the brain. High levels of expression of the gene were also detected in mouse NIH3T3 cells and their transformants, and in human cancer cell lines as well as a human immortalized cell line.     

Expression of XBcad, a novel cadherin, during oogenesis and early development of Xenopus.

A gastrula cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe encoding the cytoplasmic domain of uvomorulin, a mouse Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule. A Xenopus cDNA clone was isolated, which shares an amino acid sequence identity with uvomorulin of 91% in the transmembrane and 89% in the cytoplasmic domain. A restriction fragment of 397 bp representing the lowest degree of identity to all other known cadherin sequences was used to study the expression pattern of this Xenopus cadherin gene on RNA and protein level. The 397 bp restriction fragment was expressed bacterially as fusion protein, against which polyclonal antibodies were raised. An mRNA of 3.9 kb and a corresponding 125 kDa glycoprotein could be identified. Both molecules are present throughout oogenesis and early embryogenesis. When cleavage starts, the protein becomes integrated into the newly formed membranes. This polypeptide is found at cell membranes of all blastomeres except those at the outer surface of the embryo. Immunoblots and immunohistological analyses of adult organs reveal that this protein is expressed in pituitary gland, lung and kidney. It could not be detected in liver, heart and skeletal muscle. Since this cadherin differs in its tissue distribution from that of U-cadherin and in sequence alignments from ep-cadherin, it was termed XBcad for Xenopus blastomere cadherin.     

Cloning of a rabbit brain glucose transporter cDNA and alteration of glucose transporter mRNA during tissue development

A full-length cDNA clone that codes for glucose transporter protein was isolated from a rabbit brain cDNA library by using synthetic oligonucleotide probe derived from the sequence of human glucose transporter cDNA. The coding region shared 93.2% nucleotide and 97.0% amino-acid similarities with those of human glucose transporter and 89.4% nucleotide and 97.4% amino-acid similarities with those of rat transporter. Northern blot analysis revealed that glucose transporter mRNA is most abundant in the placenta and that it is also abundant in the brain. The fat tissue, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle of adult rats contained a very small amount of mRNA, while heart, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney of fetal rats contained a very high amount of glucose transporter mRNA. These results suggest that this type of glucose transporter might be closely related with cell proliferation and tissue development.     

Human and mouse S-protein mRNA detected in Northern blot experiments and evidence for the gene encoding S-protein in mammals by Southern blot analysis

Summary Human S-protein is a serum glycoprotein that binds and inhibits the activated complement complex, mediates coagulation through interaction with antithrombin III and plasminogen activator inhibitor I, and also functions as a cell adhesion protein through interactions with extracellular matrix and cell plasma membranes. A full length cDNA clone for human S-protein was isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library of mRNA from the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using mixed oligonucleotide sequences predicted from the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of human S-protein. The cDNA clone in lambda was subcloned into pUC18 for Southern and Northern blot experiments. Hybridization with radiolabeled human S-protein cDNA revealed a single copy gene encoding S-protein in human and mouse genomic DNA. In addition, the S-protein gene was detected in monkey, rat, dog, cow and rabbit genomic DNA. A 1.7 Kb mRNA for S-protein was detected in RNA from human liver and from the PLC/PRF5 human hepatoma cell line. No S-protein mRNA was detected in mRNA from human lung, placenta, or leukocytes or in total RNA from cultured human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RD cell line) or cultured human fibroblasts from embryonic lung (IMR90 cell line) and neonatal foreskin. A 1.6 Kb mRNA for S-protein was detected in mRNA from mouse liver and brain. No S-protein mRNA was detected in mRNA from mouse skeletal muscle, kidney, heart or testis.     

Isolation and sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding the entire catalytic subunit of a type-2A protein phosphatase

A 2.5 kb clone containing the full-length coding sequence of a type-2A protein phosphatase catalytic subunit has been isolated from a rabbit skeletal muscle cDNA library constructed in lambda gt10. The sequence of the protein deduced from the cDNA contains 309 residues (35.58 kDa). A major mRNA species at 2.0 kb and a minor component at 2.8 kb were visualized by Northern blotting in both skeletal muscle and liver. The type-2A enzyme showed weak homology with mammalian alkaline phosphatases between residues 55 and 95. The protein sequence of the type-2A phosphatase from rabbit skeletal muscle differs from that reported for the bovine adrenal enzyme in three regions.     

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding rat nucleoside diphosphate kinase

A cDNA clone for cytosolic nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase was isolated from a cDNA library of rat skeletal muscle using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. The clone constitutes a 621-base pair cDNA sequence including the 456-base pair coding region and 137-base pair 3'-untranslated one with polyadenylation site. The complete primary structure of NDP kinase was deduced from the coding sequence. An NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis suggested that the translated enzyme protein suffered proteolytic cleavage followed by modification at the alpha-NH2 group of the newly produced NH2-terminal amino acid residue. Taking this into account, it was tentatively concluded that the mature NDP kinase consists of 147 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 16,724. Northern blot hybridization analysis showed that NDP kinase mRNA could be detected in total RNA fractions of brain, spleen, heart, lung, liver, kidney, testis as well as skeletal muscle, and that there was no difference in the size of mRNAs from these tissues. Tissue distribution of the mRNA nearly paralleled those of protein moiety and activity of the enzyme.