含EGFP报告基因的慢病毒载体的构建及有感染能力病毒的制备

目的:构建含EGFP报告基因的慢病毒表达载体,包装成病毒并测定病毒感染效率。方法:以pEGFP-C1为模板扩增EGFP基因,经PstⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切后与载体连接,得到慢病毒表达载体pLenti6/v5-EGFP;将此载体与包装质粒共转染包装细胞制备病毒,测定不同感染复数(MOI)下病毒的感染效率。结果与结论:构建了含EGFP报告基因的慢病毒表达载体,制备了有感染能力的慢病毒。     

建立分泌型荧光素酶基因标记的原位肝癌模型及用于干扰素β基因治疗评价

旨在建立一种分泌型荧光素酶基因标记的小鼠原位移植型肝癌模型并观察其对干扰素β基因治疗的反应。首先建立稳定表达分泌型荧光素酶Gluc(Gaussia princeps luciferase)的小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6/Gluc;将该细胞通过脾注射至C57BL/6小鼠肝脏建立原位移植型肝癌模型,通过检测外周血Gluc活性监测小鼠体内肿瘤生长情况;用此模型观察水动力注射干扰素β质粒DNA的抗肿瘤效果。结果表明,通过脾注射Gluc基因标记的Hepa 1-6细胞可以建立小鼠原位移植型肝癌模型;外周血Gluc活性可以有效反映体内接种肿瘤细胞的数量和肿瘤的生长情况;通过监测外周血Gluc活性可灵敏反映干扰素β基因治疗对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。本研究表明,利用Gluc为报告基因建立的小鼠原位移植型肝癌模型可以体外实时监测肿瘤的生长情况,并能灵敏可靠地用于抗肿瘤治疗效果的评价。     

荧光素酶标记的重组人3型腺病毒的构建及分析

人3型腺病毒在人DSG2受体转基因鼠体内复制及侵染等生命过程尚不清楚。本研究旨在构建含萤火虫荧光素酶(Firefly luciferase,Fluc)报告基因的复制型重组人3型腺病毒,为可视化重组人3型腺病毒的应用奠定基础。通过PCR扩增萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因,克隆入去掉EGFP基因的人3型腺病毒穿梭质粒pSKA3E3LR(EGFP),经双酶切后与人3型腺病毒骨架质粒pBRAd3-EGFP的PCR扩增片段经重组酶Exnase体外重组的方法,得到中间载体,最后与pBRAd3-EGFP酶切片段连接,得到重组腺病毒质粒pAd3-LUC;转染AD293细胞,将包装成功的重组腺病毒rAd3-LUC纯化并免疫动物,分析重组腺病毒的特性和在小鼠体内的免疫反应。结果显示采用体外重组、酶切连接等方法成功获得到重组人3型腺病毒质粒pAd3-LUC,线性化的pAd3-LUC转染AD293细胞包装拯救得到重组腺病毒rAd3-LUC,观察到细胞病变和检测到荧光素酶的稳定表达,rAd3-LUC免疫小鼠抗血清可以识别并中和重组腺病毒rAd3-LUC(滴度约128～256)。本研究成功构建了E3区缺失并嵌入荧光素酶的复制型重组人3型腺病毒rAd3-LUC,为监控人3型腺病毒在人DSG2受体转基因小鼠体内复制及侵染等生命过程奠定基础。     

心肌α肌球蛋白重链启动子驱动的CREG 蛋白表达载体 的构建及鉴定

目的:构建心肌特异性α-肌球蛋白重链(α-myosin heavy chain,α-MHC)启动子启动E1A基因阻遏子(cellular repressorof E1A-stimulated genes,CREG)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)融合的真核表达载体。绿色荧光蛋白作为报告基因,方便在心肌细胞中直接观察CREG蛋白的表达,为心肌特异性转CREG基因动物模型制备提供载体。方法:用BamH I和EcoR I双酶切pcDNA3.1 myc-His/hCREG质粒得到CREG基因,亚克隆入增强绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒pEGFP-N1中,构建pCREG-EGFP-N1;根据Genebank中公布的α-MHC基因的启动子序列,人工合成pUC57-α-MHC启动子基因序列,经Ase I和Nhe I双酶切得到启动子α-MHC,亚克隆入pCREG-EGFP-N1中替代原CMV启动子,构建pα-MHC-CREG-EGFP-N1,测序鉴定。用脂质体法将该质粒转染体外培养的小鼠原代心肌细胞,荧光显微镜下观测绿色荧光蛋白的表达;Western blot检测CREG蛋白的表达。结果:成功构建pα-MHC-CREG-EGFP-N1质粒,酶切及测序结果正确;成功转染入原代培养小鼠心肌细胞,在荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光蛋白的表达,Western blot检测到CREG蛋白的表达。结论:重组质粒pα-MHC-CREG-EGFP-N1体外转染入原代培养小鼠心肌细胞后,目的基因能够在心肌细胞中有效表达,检测方法简便可靠,为下一步建立心肌细胞特异性表达CREG的过表达转基因小鼠、深入探讨CREG在心肌疾病发生中的生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

重组pEGFP—C2-p100-TSN点突变质粒构建及表达

目的将6个不同的p100-TSN．Mutants基因片段分别定向连入PEGFP—C2质粒中,使P100-TSN突变蛋白能够与绿色荧光蛋白在COS7细胞中融合表达,从而为进一步研究p100蛋白TSN结构域的功能奠定实验基础。方法利用EcoR I和Xho I双酶切方法从6个pcDNA3．1（＋）-p100-TSN．Mutants重组质粒中分别获得p100-TSN．Mutants的cDNA片段,将其连人pEGFP—C2质粒载体中,再将成功构建的6个pEGFP—C2-p100-TSN．Mutants质粒分别转染COS7细胞中,荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白表达。结果①将重组质粒进行双酶切鉴定可见p100-TSN．Mutants的cDNA片段;②转染重组质粒后可观察到绿色荧光蛋白的表达。结论①6个pEGFP—C2-p100-TSN．Mutants重组质粒构建成功;②p100-TSN突变蛋白可与绿色荧光蛋白在COS7细胞中融合表达。     

大鼠大麻素Ⅰ型受体绿色荧光融合蛋白真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建大鼠大麻素型Ⅰ受体绿色荧光融合蛋白真核表达载体并观察其在细胞中的表达。方法:大鼠CB1基因序列设计引物,以大鼠脑组织为模板扩增CB1基因编码区片段,克隆至增强型绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-N3中,构建重组融合蛋白表达载体pCB1-EGFP。将pCB1-EGFP质粒转染HeLa细胞,通过观察EGFP报告基因的表达以及免疫荧光,Western Blot方法鉴定CB1可在真核细胞中过表达情况。结果:构建重组融合蛋白表达载体pCB1-EGFP,单双酶切和测序验证正确。将pCB1-EGFP质粒转染HeLa细胞,荧光显微镜下观察到融合表达的绿色荧光蛋白,且呈胞膜表达。免疫荧光试验也证明重组载体转染后,CB1基因和GFP共同定位于胞膜部分。Western Blot实验证明表达CB1蛋白。结论:成功构建了高表达的CB1-EGFP融合蛋白真核表达载体。     

携带荧光素酶基因肝癌细胞株的构建及在肝癌原位移植瘤模型中应用

[目的]构建稳定表达荧光素酶基因的人肝癌细胞株,建立可实时观察的肝癌原位移植瘤模型。[方法]构建含有萤光素酶基因的慢病毒载体,利用慢病毒三质粒系统磷酸钙共转染HEK 293T细胞,收集纯化病毒感染肝癌细胞SMMC7721,嘌呤霉素(puromycin)结合有限稀释法筛选稳定转导细胞株,将细胞原位注射裸鼠肝组织,建立原位肝癌动物模型。[结果]包装纯化的慢病毒悬液的滴度为8.4×106TU/m L,感染肝癌细胞后成功筛选到稳定表达的肝癌细胞株。利用该细胞株成功建立原位注射肝癌裸鼠模型,经活体荧光成像系统观察到肝癌细胞在活体动物体内的分布情况。[结论]荧光素酶肝癌细胞株的成功构建及利用该细胞株建立的原位移植瘤肝癌动物模型为肝癌的治疗研究奠定了基础。     

FAM92A1-289基因的真核表达载体构建和亚细胞定位

利用PCR方法扩增FAM92A1-289全长,经BamH I和Xho I酶切后连接入pEGFP-N1真核表达载体,构建pEGFP-N1-FAM92A1-289重组表达质粒,转染Hela细胞,利用荧光显微镜观察FAM92A1-289在细胞中的定位。经双酶切和核酸序列分析证实重组质粒包含有正确编码的FAM92A1-289读码框。荧光显微镜观察到空质粒pEGFP-N1转染后,整个细胞内弥散绿色荧光,而转染pEGFP-N1-FAM92A1-289重组载体后,可见绿色荧光分布于Hela细胞核中,显示FAM92A1-289定位于细胞核。成功构建人FAM92A1-289真核表达载体,FAM92A1-289定位于哺乳细胞的细胞核中。     

大鼠STIM1基因真核表达载体构建及蛋白表达定位

[目的]构建大鼠STIM1基因重组质粒并在A7r5细胞中表达、定位。[方法]应用基因合成方法获得STIM1基因序列,克隆至携带EGFP标签的真核表达载体p EGFP-C_1、p IRES_2-EGFP,经菌落PCR、酶切、测序鉴定后,转染至A7r5细胞,Western Blot检测蛋白表达,激光共聚焦观察其定位。[结果]STIM1全长2 058 bp,重组载体经酶切、PCR、测序鉴定构建正确,在A7r5细胞内高表达,并主要定位于细胞质。[结论]构建大鼠STIM1基因重组质粒并在A7r5细胞质中表达,为建立稳定高表达细胞系及后续功能研究奠定基础。     

荧光素酶标的人肝癌细胞裸鼠异种移植瘤模型的生物发光成像和PET-CT成像比较

目的利用荧光素酶基因标记的人肝癌细胞株BEL-7402建立裸鼠肝原位移植模型,及小鼠肝原位移植模型的生物发光和小动物PET-CT成像的比较。方法构建表达荧光素酶基因的真核表达载体并将其转入人肝癌细胞BEL-7402,经梯度浓度G418筛选获得稳定表达荧光素酶基因的细胞克隆并扩大培养。BALB/cA-nu裸鼠肝门静脉接种5×105个发光细胞使其成瘤,活体荧光成像和小动物PET-CT成像系统观察肿瘤的生长情况。结果获得了稳定表达Luc的人肝癌细胞株,将其接种到裸鼠体内,活体荧光成像系统观察发现能够成瘤,小动物PET-CT影像观察发现小鼠肝脏边缘对18 F-FDG有高摄取区域。结论利用荧光素酶基因标记的人肝癌细胞BEL-7402成功建立了原位肝癌裸鼠模型,小动物活体成像结合小动物PET-CT技术为原位肿瘤模型的建立提供了一种新的可靠的技术,为进一步研究肝癌生长转移机制和药物开发提供了新的有用工具。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan