应用RAPD技术分析奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼的基因多态性

以随机扩增多态DNA技术(RAPD）分析了奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼两个养殖群体的群体内及群体间遗传关系,并探讨了该技术在种群鉴定中的应用。RAPD引物筛选结果表明,所测试的20个随机引物中(Table 1),除一个引物未扩增出任何片段外,其余19个引物均扩增出1～11个大小不等的片段,长度大部分在500—3000bp之间,共扩增出220个片段,平均每个引物产生55个片段。两群体间共有片段70条,大部分引物的扩增产物具有种间多态性,种群间相似系数为0.727。以筛选的引物对两种群不同个体(Fig．1,Table 2)及种群混合样品(Fig.2,Table 3)进行RAPD分析。结果表明,不同引物在扩增图谱上表现很大差异：奥利亚罗非鱼不同个体间表现为一致的扩增图谱,种内相似系数达1000,显示了其种群内遗传变异的缺乏;尼罗罗非鱼种内相似系数为0．827,个体间存在不同程度的多态性;两个种群间的相似系数分别为0．767和0.742,表明种间有较高的同源性,遗传距离为0．235,略低于国外的报道．此外,两个养殖群体间的扩增图谱比较也暗示了遗传渐渗现象的存在。实验表明,RAPD标记可以作为一种可靠的遗传标记,用于不同鱼类种群的鉴定,RAPD分析方法是一种快速,简便且行之有鼓的鉴定鱼类种群的方法。     

两种泥鳅不同群体遗传变异的RAPD分析

应用RAPD技术,分析了采自于我国黄河、长江和珠江三大水系中游的大鳞副泥鳅和泥鳅不同群体间的遗传变异。结果表明：种内不同群体间带纹相似度在0．730－0．938之间;遗传距离为0．089－0．245;种间不同群体间的带纹相似度为0．392－0．505,遗传距离为0．620－0．800。两种泥鳞采自武汉的群体,其不同个体间的相似度较之其它群体为低,表明其群体内遗传变异程度较高。     

不同海拔高度大血藤群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析及其与环境因子的相关性

利用 RAPD技术分析了分布于浙江省天台山 3个不同海拔高度的天然大血藤群体的遗传多样性、遗传分化以及与环境因子的相关性。 13种随机引物在 3 6株个体中共检测到 88个可重复的位点 ,其中多态位点 74个 ,总多态位点百分率为84.0 9% ,大血藤具有丰富的遗传多样性。 Shannon信息指数显示的遗传多样性以海拔 950 m的群体为最高 ,其次是海拔 73 0 m的群体 ,最低的是海拔 52 0 m的群体 ;群体内的遗传多样性占总遗传多样性的 43 .68% ,群体间的遗传多样性占 56.3 2 %。 Nei指数估计大血藤群体间的遗传分化系数为 0 .540 6,大血藤群体间的基因流很低。大血藤海拔 73 0 m群体与海拔 52 0 m群体的遗传相似度较高 ,海拔 950 m群体与其它两群体的遗传相似度较低。大血藤群体内的遗传多样性与土壤总氮呈极显著的正相关。     

丁(鱼岁)不同群体间形态学差异与随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析3种数理统计方法,对我国新疆朱家湖丁(鱼岁)群体、73水库丁(鱼岁)群体和从捷克引进我国的丁(鱼岁)群体的可量性状和框架参数进行分析.聚类分析和主成分分析显示,朱家湖群体与73水库群体较为接近,而捷克群体与前两群体相距较远.判别分析亦可将捷克群体与前两群体分开,准确率达100%.从60个随机引物中筛选出的20个引物对丁(鱼岁)朱家湖群体、73水库群体和捷克群体进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析.引物S440在捷克群体扩增出的450bp片段为该群体特有的标记片段.朱家湖群体、73水库群体、捷克群体多态位点比例分别为24%、22.67%和18.42%;群体内遗传相似度分别为0.8967、0.9035和0.9309;遗传多态度(π)分别为0.1539、0.1489和0.1142.表明朱家湖群体保持着较高的遗传变异.三群体间的遗传相似度为0.6868-0.9496,群体遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.048-0.238,分子方差分析发现群体内方差占总方差的83.96%,群体间的方差只占16.04%,由此推断三群体间遗传分化并不大.     

丁不同群体间形态学差异与随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析

采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析3种数理统计方法,对我国新疆朱家湖丁群体7、3水库丁群体和从捷克引进我国的丁群体的可量性状和框架参数进行分析。聚类分析和主成分分析显示,朱家湖群体与73水库群体较为接近,而捷克群体与前两群体相距较远。判别分析亦可将捷克群体与前两群体分开,准确率达100%。从60个随机引物中筛选出的20个引物对丁朱家湖群体、73水库群体和捷克群体进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析。引物S440在捷克群体扩增出的450bp片段为该群体特有的标记片段。朱家湖群体、73水库群体、捷克群体多态位点比例分别为24%、22.67%和18.42%;群体内遗传相似度分别为0.8967、0.9035和0.9309;遗传多态度(π)分别为0.1539、0.1489和0.1142。表明朱家湖群体保持着较高的遗传变异。三群体间的遗传相似度为0.6868—0.9496,群体遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.048—0.238,分子方差分析发现群体内方差占总方差的83.96%,群体间的方差只占16.04%,由此推断三群体间遗传分化并不大。     

异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始亲本遗传变异的微卫星标记分析

采用从鲤中分离出来的32对微卫星DNA标记,对异源四倍体鲫鲤、红鲫和野鲤的基因组DNA进行了研究。在筛选出的15对微卫星引物中,随引物不同,各等位基因数为1～8个,大小在100～420bp之间。从3个不同群体内部的遗传相似系数来看,异源四倍体鲫鲤个体之间的遗传相似系数最大,说明异源四倍体鲫鲤群体内部的遗传变异程度最低,已经形成了一个遗传性状稳定的群体。从3个不同群体之间的遗传相似系数来看,异源四倍体鲫鲤和红鲫遗传相似系数为0．5625,和野鲤的遗传相似系数为0．5125,说明异源四倍体鲫鲤接受原始母本的遗传物质比原始父本野鲤要多一些。微卫星标记与以前报道的RAPD标记的检测结果是相似的,然而由微卫星标记获得的种群内和种群间的遗传距离均大于RAPD,说明微卫星标记比RAPD标记显示出更高的个体多态性。     

翘嘴红鲌苏州和宜兴养殖种群的遗传多样性分析

目的:对翘嘴红鲌养殖种群遗传多样性进行分析,以科学地评价它们的种群遗传结构。方法:采用RAPD技术,对翘嘴红鲌苏州和宜兴养殖种群的遗传多样性进行分析。结果:苏州养殖种群的多态位点比例为25%,种群平均杂合度为0.1654,Shannon多样性指数为0.671;宜兴群体的多态位点比例为22.4%,群体平均杂合度为0.1446,Shannon多样性指数为0.0594。苏州群体内各个体之间的遗传相似度度为0.9378,遗传距离为0.0622;宜兴群体内各个体之间的遗传相似度度为0.9444,遗传距离为0.0556;两群体之间的遗传距离为0.0146。结论:两种群具有较低的遗传多样性。     

三种摇蚊幼虫RAPD扩增条件的优化及在昆虫系统发育分析中的应用

为了研究摇蚊科昆虫种群遗传的多样性,以促进对其资源的合理保护,以萨摩亚摇蚊Chironomus samoensisEdwards基因组DNA为模板,对摇蚊幼虫的RAPD扩增条件进行优化,建立了摇蚊幼虫RAPD扩增反应的最佳体系:按照利用优化的RAPD扩增条件进行研究,实验有着良好的重现性。用16个随机引物对3种摇蚊幼虫类群各10个个体进行RAPD扩增,其中萨摩亚摇蚊共扩增出78个条带,多态座位率为41.03%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.2570,群体内相似度为0.8730;红裸须摇蚊Propsilocerus akamusi(Tokunaga)共75个条带,多态座位率为44.0%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.2472,群体内相似度为0.8731;刺铗长足摇蚊Tanypus punctipennis(Fabricius)共67个条带,多态座位率为41.79%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.1943,群体内相似度为0.9066。聚类分析结果表明,刺铗长足摇蚊与红裸须摇蚊的亲缘关系较近。     

短沟对虾两个野生群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD标记技术检测了厦门和汕头沿海2个短沟对虾群体基因组DNA的多态性,并对其遗传多样性进行了分析。从40条随机引物中筛选出13个10bp引物。共扩增出65条清晰可重复的DNA片段,片断长度为100—2200bp,在2个群体间没有检测到特异的片段。厦门和汕头群体的多态片段比例分别为87．69％和89．23％,杂合度分别为0．212和0．218,遗传多样性指数分别为0．2847和0．2913,两群体间的遗传距离为0．018,FST值为0．004。可见两野生群体种质资源仍然维持在良好水平,遗传分化程度很低,可能是同一种群,具有进一步开发的潜力。     

中国主要鹅品种的线粒体DNA多态性与起源分化研究

运用19种限制性内切酶对中国11个家鹅品种138个样本进行了mtDNA的限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析。在使用的19种内切酶中,有7个酶检测出多态。综合27种限制性态型（restrictionmorph）,可得到6种mtDNA单倍型（hopotype）。伊犁鹅与另外10个鹅品种没有共享的单倍型,遗传距离和UPGMA聚类分析也表明,伊犁鹅与这些品种具有不同的起源。EcoRV、HaeⅡ、HincⅡ和KpnⅠ4种酶的限制性态型可作为鉴别两种起源家鹅的母系遗传标记。起源于鸿雁的10个鹅品种群体内出现一定的遗传差异,其群体多态度（π）、单倍型间平均遗传距离（P）、品种间平均净遗传距离（δnet）分别为0．025％、0．266％和0．029％。白羽鹅品种在形成过程中经历过创立者效应（foUndereffect）。这10个鹅品种可能起源于两个不同地理区的鸿雁类群。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.