异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始亲本遗传变异的微卫星标记分析

采用从鲤中分离出来的32对微卫星DNA标记，对异源四倍体鲫鲤、红鲫和野鲤的基因组DNA进行了研究。在筛选出的15对微卫星引物中，随引物不同，各等位基因数为1～8个，大小在100～420bp之间。从3个不同群体内部的遗传相似系数来看，异源四倍体鲫鲤个体之间的遗传相似系数最大，说明异源四倍体鲫鲤群体内部的遗传变异程度最低，已经形成了一个遗传性状稳定的群体。从3个不同群体之间的遗传相似系数来看，异源四倍体鲫鲤和红鲫遗传相似系数为0．5625，和野鲤的遗传相似系数为0．5125，说明异源四倍体鲫鲤接受原始母本的遗传物质比原始父本野鲤要多一些。微卫星标记与以前报道的RAPD标记的检测结果是相似的，然而由微卫星标记获得的种群内和种群间的遗传距离均大于RAPD，说明微卫星标记比RAPD标记显示出更高的个体多态性。

Microsatellite Marker Analysis of Genetic Variation Between the Allotetraploid Crucian-carp and Their Original Parents

Twelve individuals from the allotetraploid (crucian)-carp,common carp,and red crucian carp were analyzed by using 32 pairs microsatellite primers of the poly (CA) type which were isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by Crooijmans et al.Electrophoretogram patterns showed that 15 pairs of microsatellite primers reproducibly produced the well-identifiable bands.The number of alleles per marker varied from 1 to 8,and the size of alleles ranged from 100 bp to 420 bp.The genetic similarity index between the allotetraploid (crucian)-carp and their original maternal red crucian carp was 0.5625,and the genetic similarity index between the allotetraploid crucian-carp and their original paternal common carp was 0.5125.The similarity index between red crucian carp and common carp was 0.4204.Both microsatellite and RAPD showed the similar results of the genetic similarity index.However,greater genetic distances were found among microsatellite markers than those among RAPD.These results demonstrate that the microsatellite-based analysis of the genetic variation is useful in measuring intrabiotype differences.