活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群影响的研究

目的 探讨一种活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群的影响作用.方法 采用卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》调节肠道菌群功能检验方法进行检验.结果 试食组试验前后自身比较：肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,肠球菌数量增加（P＜0.05）,产气荚膜梭菌数量明显减少（P＜0.01）,肠杆菌和拟杆菌无明显变化;试验后对照组与试食组组间比较：双歧杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,乳杆菌的数量增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌和拟杆菌无明显变化.结论 活性乳酸菌饮料具有调节人体肠道菌群、改善肠道内环境的作用.     

合生元益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的研究

目的 研究合生无益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用.方法 将小鼠分为阴性对照组、合生元益生菌冲剂组.阴性对照组灌服蒸馏水14 d,合生元益生菌冲剂组灌服1 g/kg·d剂量的台生元益生菌冲剂14 d,检测实验前后肠道菌群数量.结果 灌服后小鼠肠道菌群与灌服前比较,,双歧杆菌数量有显著性增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌数量有无显著性变化（P＞0.05）.结论 合生元益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群具有一定的调节作用.     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对 小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

目的 研究新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 C57BL/6小鼠,雄性,8周龄,40只,分为4个组(每组10只):高、中、低三个剂量组和空白对照组,给药14 d,收集给药前后小鼠粪样,16S rDNA实时荧光定量PCR法测定粪样中肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,中剂量组小鼠肠道粪样中乳杆菌显著增多(t=-2.503,P0.05),低剂量组与高剂量组变化不显著;与空白对照组比较,其他组小鼠肠道中肠杆菌属、肠球菌属和产气荚膜梭菌水平均无显著变化。结论 参照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范—2003版》之"调节肠道菌群作用检验方法",新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对小鼠肠道菌群具有一定的调节作用。     

栀子豉汤及拆方对六种人肠道菌的影响

目的研究栀子豉汤及栀子、淡豆豉对6种人肠道菌的影响。方法从特定人的粪便中分离培养肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌和脆弱拟杆菌。分别将高、中、低浓度的栀子、淡豆豉及栀子豉汤药液加入选择性培养基中,以不加药液的培养基作为空白对照,将实验菌分别于厌氧或有氧条件下培养,计数菌落。结果不同浓度的栀子对肠杆菌的抑制率均为100.0%,淡豆豉在20%、50%、70%浓度分别使肠杆菌数量下调100.00%、53.83%和22.11%,而栀子豉汤可使肠杆菌数量维持在一定水平(104～106 CFU/g);两味药单独都表现了对肠球菌较强的抑制作用,而低、中浓度栀子豉汤则使肠球菌保持较稳定的数量;单味药及复方对产气荚膜梭菌和双歧杆菌敏感性较弱;栀子对脆弱拟杆菌抑制作用最强,而淡豆豉和栀子豉汤则可使其数量上调约20.00%;淡豆豉、栀子豉汤和高浓度栀子对乳杆菌非常敏感,低、中浓度栀子对乳杆菌数量仅有轻微下调作用。结论栀子豉汤比单独的栀子和淡豆豉更能维持肠道菌群的相对平衡。     

肠道菌群与肠易激综合征分型及患者血清细胞间黏附分子 1表达的关系

目的分析肠道菌群与IBS分型及患者血清细胞间黏附分子 1(ICAM 1)表达的关系,为后续研究提供参考。方法选择2018年12月至2020年1月我院收治的152例符合标准的肠易激综合征(IBS)患者作为观察组,并依照罗马Ⅲ标准将观察组患者分为腹泻型组(62例)、便秘型组(56例)、混合型组(34例);选择同期我院健康体检者30例为对照组。检测受试者粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌数量,同时检测受试者血清ICAM 1水平。采用Pearson相关性分析患者肠道菌群与血清ICAM 1关系,并采用Logistics回归模型分析肠道菌群与IBS各亚型的关系。结果观察组患者血清ICAM 1、肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌水平显著低于对照组,肠道肠杆菌和肠球菌水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同亚型IBS患者血清ICAM 1、肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌水平存在明显差异,其中混合组患者血清ICAM 1、肠杆菌、肠球菌数量最高,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量最低;腹泻型组肠道肠杆菌、肠球菌数量最低,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量最高(均P<0.05)。肠道中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌数量是IBS分型的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量与ICAM 1水平呈显著负相关,而肠道肠杆菌和肠球菌数量与ICAM 1水平呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论肠道菌群可影响IBS患者分型,且肠道中部分菌群与ICAM 1水平存在显著相关关系。     

肠道菌群正常参考值的检测

目的定性定量检测并比较杭州地区健康青壮年及老年人群肠道主要菌群(双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌属、肠杆菌科、肠球菌属及酵母菌等)的正常参考值,同时计算并比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值).方法采用光冈法 .结果老年组肠道双歧杆菌数量及B/E值较青壮年组均显著减少(P＜0.05, P＜0.001);消化链球菌、肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加(P＜0.01,P ＜0 .001,P＜0.05).结论在获得肠道菌群正常参考值的同时,发现随着年龄的增加,老年人肠道双歧杆菌数量明显减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加.     

北京地区184例健康人肠道菌群值的调查

本文对北京地区１８４例７－６９岁健康人的粪便菌群中的肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等６种细菌进行了培养、计数和鉴定。结果表明：肠杆菌６０７±１８０、肠球菌６１３±１４５、拟杆菌４５７±１７７、产气荚膜梭菌４０６±１５２、双歧杆菌８３２±０９６、乳杆菌７８２±０８６（ＬｏｇＮ／克便）;男性和女性相比,除产气荚膜梭菌男性明显高于女性（Ｐ＜００５）外,其余５种菌均无显著性差异;７－１８岁年龄组肠杆菌极显著地低于平均值（Ｐ＜００１）,６１—６９岁年龄组双歧杆菌明显低于平均值（Ｐ＜００５）;双歧杆菌与肠杆菌之比Ｂ／Ｅ值,７－１８岁年龄组是６１－６９岁年龄组的５７５倍     

酪酸梭菌--婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的　观察酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法　检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果　肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化 ,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,结论　酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

断奶仔猪肠道菌群的研究

研究断奶仔猪在不同生理状况下的肠道菌群,结果表明：健康仔猪肠道内容物中,从十二指肠到结肠,所测定的８种细胞数量都随肠段后移而逐渐增加,４３日龄仔猪肠道内容物中以乳杆菌、肠球菌和梭菌占绝对优势,双歧杆菌次之;与健康仔猪相比,下痢仔猪肠道中肠球菌、梭菌和乳杆菌等优势菌群的数量明显低于对照组;饲喂了含肠球菌的活菌制剂的仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌和类杆菌的数量比对照组明显增加,但肠球菌数量却无显著改变。     

残留剂量头孢曲松长期作用对SPF级Balb/c小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的研究残留剂量头孢曲松的长期作用对SPF级Balb/c小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法通过随机饮水方式,连续45 d分别给予SPF小鼠3个浓度的低剂量头孢曲松,模拟残留剂量抗生素的持续作用,活菌计数研究菌群数量变化。结果 300μg/ml及30μg/ml头孢曲松水溶液持续作用,小鼠肠道菌群厌氧总菌、乳杆菌和肠杆菌数量均出现先降后升的趋势,而肠杆菌数量异常增殖,双歧杆菌数量显著减少(P0.01)且无法恢复,肠球菌无显著变化(P0.05);3μg/ml头孢曲松处理后小鼠肠道肠杆菌数量显著升高,其余检测细菌数量无显著影响(P0.05)。结论 300、30及3μg/ml头孢曲松水溶液持续处理45 d均会导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,菌群失调程度与头孢曲松浓度密切相关。     

Differences in developing intestinal microbiota between allergic and non-allergic infants: a pilot study in Japan

The bacterial compositions of feces were monitored in the first 2 months for 15 infants born in Japan, including eight subjects who developed allergy by the age of 2 years. Primer sets targeting six predominant bacterial groups in the infant intestine, Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, bifidobacteria, enterococci, lactobacilli, and the Clostridium perfringens group, were used for real-time PCR to quantitate each population in the feces. The population of Bacteroidaceae was significantly higher in the allergic group at the ages of 1 month (P=0.03) and 2 months (P=0.05) than in the non-allergic group, while no statistically significant difference was observed for the other bacterial populations.     

Use of antibiotic-resistant Bifidobacterium in treating ulcerative-necrotic enterocolitis in young children

Ulceronecrotic colitis in premature children is accompanied by the development of pronounced intestinal dysbacteriosis characterized by a sharp increase in the number of Escherichia, enterococci, staphylococci and the appearance of opportunistic enterobacteria (Klebsiella, Serratia, Citrobacter, Proteus) in large amounts. Clinical convalescence was observed in 2 weeks in children receiving antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria with antibiotics and in 3-4 weeks in children receiving commercial bifidobacteria with antibiotics, while children treated only with antibiotics showed no signs of clinical convalescence during the whole course of treatment. After the course of treatment the most effective recovery of the intestinal microflora was observed in the group of patients who had received antibiotics in combination with antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria. It was manifested by a decrease in the number of Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia, staphylococci and enterococci simultaneously with an increase in the number of endogenous lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In those children who had received commercial bifidobacteria in combination with antibiotics or had been treated only with antibiotics the process of the recovery of the intestinal microflora was considerably less pronounced than in the patients of the first group; a decrease in the number of Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus and Serratia occurred to a lesser extent, and at the same time an essential increase in the number of enterococci and staphylococci was observed. The level of endogenous lactobacilli and bifidobacteria was considerably reduced. Antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria actively took in the intestine of the patients. On day 5 after the course of treatment was over their level was (4.3 +/- 0.4) X 10(4) cells/g feces.     

马齿苋多糖对衰老小鼠肠道微生态调节作用的研究

目的探讨中药马齿苋多糖对衰老小鼠微生态调节作用。方法皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老小鼠模型,用马齿苋多糖进行治疗,同时设正常对照组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,用药30d后处死小鼠,进行肠道微生态指标检测。结果用D-半乳糖造模以后,小鼠肠道双歧杆菌及乳酸杆菌数量降低（P〈0．05）,而肠杆菌及肠球菌数量增加说明模型建立,血内毒素含量也升高（P〈0．05）。用马齿苋治疗后,益生菌数量升高而肠杆菌和肠球菌数量减少,血内毒素含量也降低（P〈0．05）。结论马齿苋多糖对衰老小鼠的肠道菌群和血内毒素具有调节作用。     

Effect of Streptococcus faecalis BIO-4R on intestinal flora of weanling piglets and calves

The effect of oral administration of Streptococcus faecalis BIO-4R, an antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacterium, on the intestinal flora of weanling piglets and cows reared on antibiotic-containing diet was investigated. Fourteen days after administration of the bacteria, the intestinal flora of the piglets was examined. Animals of the administered group had stabilized lactic flora such as bifidobacteria, streptococci, and lactobacilli, whereas most animals of control group had reduced lactic flora. On the other hand, abundant yeasts were detected from the cecum, colon, and feces of the control animals, but the levels were significantly lower in the animals given strain BIO-4R. The density of Salmonella in the intestine appeared to be reduced after the administration of strain BIO-4R. The number of BIO-4R cells was shown to be 10 times lower in the duodenum and jejunum than in the ileum, suggesting that strain BIO-4R might have grown transiently in the ileum. The similar trend toward stabilization of the lactic flora was also observed in cows after administration of BIO-4R. In addition, an antagonistic effect of the strain against yeasts and Salmonella was suggested. These findings indicate that the oral administration of strain BIO-4R is one of the useful methods whereby the potentially deleterious effect of antibiotics on the intestinal flora of farm animals may be minimized.     

Effect of Streptococcus faecalis BIO-4R on intestinal flora of weanling piglets and calves.

The effect of oral administration of Streptococcus faecalis BIO-4R, an antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacterium, on the intestinal flora of weanling piglets and cows reared on antibiotic-containing diet was investigated. Fourteen days after administration of the bacteria, the intestinal flora of the piglets was examined. Animals of the administered group had stabilized lactic flora such as bifidobacteria, streptococci, and lactobacilli, whereas most animals of control group had reduced lactic flora. On the other hand, abundant yeasts were detected from the cecum, colon, and feces of the control animals, but the levels were significantly lower in the animals given strain BIO-4R. The density of Salmonella in the intestine appeared to be reduced after the administration of strain BIO-4R. The number of BIO-4R cells was shown to be 10 times lower in the duodenum and jejunum than in the ileum, suggesting that strain BIO-4R might have grown transiently in the ileum. The similar trend toward stabilization of the lactic flora was also observed in cows after administration of BIO-4R. In addition, an antagonistic effect of the strain against yeasts and Salmonella was suggested. These findings indicate that the oral administration of strain BIO-4R is one of the useful methods whereby the potentially deleterious effect of antibiotics on the intestinal flora of farm animals may be minimized.     

Dynamics of the establishment of intestinal microflora in healthy full-term newborns]

A study was made of the dynamics of establishment of the intestinal microflora in 79 healthy mature neonates born of healthy mothers. A total of 223 bacteriological examinations were conducted. A stable prevalence of bifidobacteria over the aerobic portion of the intestinal biocenosis occurred in all the children from the 8th day after birth. Along with this the following bacteria were continuously present in the intestine: lactic bacilli and streptococci E. coli, enterococci and staphylococci; however, their portion in the biocenosis was not great. Bacteroids, microbes of the Proteus genus, and yeast-like fungi were found in the cultures only before the establishment of a high bifidobacteria level. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and their associations were continuously revealed in 19.8% of healthy mature neonates. Apparently the qualitative prevalence of bifidobacteria prevented the clinical expression of dysbacteriosis in these children.     

Quantitative PCR with 16S rRNA-gene-targeted species-specific primers for analysis of human intestinal bifidobacteria

A highly sensitive quantitative PCR detection method has been developed and applied to the distribution analysis of human intestinal bifidobacteria by combining real-time PCR with Bifidobacterium genus- and species-specific primers. Real-time PCR detection of serially diluted DNA extracted from cultured bifidobacteria was linear for cell counts ranging from 10(6) to 10 cells per PCR assay. It was also found that the method was applicable to the detection of Bifidobacterium in feces when it was present at concentrations of >10(6) cells per g of feces. Concerning the distribution of Bifidobacterium species in intestinal flora, the Bifidobacterium adolescentis group, the Bifidobacterium catenulatum group, and Bifidobacterium longum were found to be the three predominant species by examination of DNA extracted from the feces of 46 healthy adults. We also examined changes in the population and composition of Bifidobacterium species in human intestinal flora of six healthy adults over an 8-month period. The results showed that the composition of bifidobacterial flora was basically stable throughout the test period.     

"妈咪爱"治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻的临床研究

目的 了解妈咪爱对轮状病毒肠炎（RV肠炎）的疗效及治疗前后肠道菌群变化。方法 随机取60例RV肠炎病例分析并分成2组：一组常规治疗,另一组在常规治疗基础上加妈咪爱治疗。除根据全国小儿腹泻会议评定标准,观察临床症状外,2组均在用药前,用药3、6d再进行正常菌群检测。结果 （1）VR肠炎可致肠道菌群失调;（2）妈咪爱治疗组疗效较常规治疗组疗效差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,同时4种正常菌群中的优势菌恢复较快,用药第6天肠道菌群基本恢复正常。结论 妈咪爱治疗RV肠炎有显著疗效,不仅临床症状恢复时间缩短,肠道菌群也很快恢复到平衡状态。     

焦米对番泻叶所致腹泻小鼠的止泻及肠道菌群影响研究

目的考察焦米水对肠道菌群失调性腹泻的调节作用。方法将小鼠分为5组,分别为模型组、正常组和生米组、焦米组、自由恢复组三组实验组,除正常组外,用番泻叶水煎液给小鼠灌胃连续6 d造成小鼠腹泻模型,实验组分别给予生米、焦米及生理盐水作为自由恢复组,每天观察各组小鼠腹泻情况,并且于第2天、第6天取小鼠粪便进行肠道菌群检测,并做菌群计数,数据进行统计学处理。结果成功建立了小鼠肠道菌群失调腹泻模型,焦米组小鼠腹泻较生米组和自由恢复组恢复较快,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。给予生米、焦米的小鼠肠道菌群恢复较快,与自由恢复组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,焦米组与生米组相比菌群有一定的提高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论焦米水能明显的改善小鼠的腹泻症状,焦米有一定的提高小鼠肠道菌群,改善小鼠肠道菌群环境的作用。焦米与生米相比对腹泻小鼠的恢复促进调节作用更好,可能跟米炒焦后所生成的新物质有关。