CD105 shRNA对激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管的干预作用及其机制

目的:观察CD105shRNA对激光诱导的大鼠脉络膜新生血管的抑制作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:40只BN大鼠单眼采用半导体激光建立CNV模型。随机取20只大鼠于建模后1天使用Pgenesil-eng2转染大鼠视网膜和脉络膜作为实验组。在建模后第14天行FFA检查,观察实验组与对照组视网膜激光斑的渗漏情况。各取5只实验组和5只对照组大鼠,行脉络膜铺片,检测并比较脉络膜新生血管渗漏面积。另32只BN大鼠任取一眼建立CNV模型,其中任取20只大鼠于建模后次日进行Pgen-esil-eng2转染,作为实验组。12只建模眼作为对照组,未建模眼作为空白对照组。于基因转染后1w,2w,3w和4w各取5只实验组大鼠和3只对照组大鼠眼球,获取每个时间点实验组、对照组和空白对照组的脉络膜组织。检测各组每个时间点CD105和VEGF在mRNA水平的表达。结果:FFA显示光凝后第14天时,对照组的渗漏率为63.2%,实验组为24.6%。实验组的BN大鼠眼底渗漏点数较对照组少,渗漏强度较弱。两组间比较有显著性差异。脉络膜铺片结果显示:2周时对照组大鼠的CNV面积为(31.22±1.46)×103μm2,实验组大鼠的CNV渗漏面积为(14.46±0.82)×103μm2,两组间比较有显著性差异。RT-PCR结果显示:实验组VEGF mRNA及CD105 mRNA的表达变化规律与对照组相似,但各个时间点的表达量较对照组均明显下降,其中实验组VEGFmRNA于2w时的表达约为对照组的36.7%;实验组CD105 mRNA在第2w时约为对照组的21.68%。结论:通过沉默CD105基因的表达可以抑制大鼠CNV的生成,下调VEGF的表达可能是其作用机制之一。CD105基因有望成为CNV的基础研究热点和临床治疗的新靶点。     

CD105shRNA对激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管的干预作用及其机制

目的：观察CD105shRNA对激光诱导的大鼠脉络膜新生血管的抑制作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：40只BN大鼠单眼采用半导体激光建立CNV模型。随机取20只大鼠于建模后1天使用Pgenesil-eng2转染大鼠视网膜和脉络膜作为实验组。在建模后第14天行FFA检查,观察实验组与对照组视网膜激光斑的渗漏情况。各取5只实验组和5只对照组大鼠,行脉络膜铺片,检测并比较脉络膜新生血管渗漏面积。另32只BN大鼠任取一眼建立CNV模型,其中任取20只大鼠于建模后次日进行Pgen-esil—eag2转染,作为实验组。12只建模眼作为对照组,未建模眼作为空白对照组。于基因转染后1w,2w,3w和4w各取5只实验组大鼠和3只对照组大鼠眼球,获取每个时间点实验组、对照组和空白对照组的脉络膜组织。检测各组每个时间点CDl05和VEGF在mRNA水平的表达。结果：FFA显示光凝后第14天时,对照组的渗漏率为63．2％,实验组为24．6％。实验组的BN大鼠眼底渗漏点数较对照组少,渗漏强度较弱。两组间比较有显著性差异。脉络膜铺片结果显示：2周时对照组大鼠的CNV面积为（31．22±1．46）×10^3μm2,实验组大鼠的CNV渗漏面积为（14．46±0．82）×10^3μm2,两组间比较有显著性差异。RT—PCR结果显示：实验组VEGFmRNA及CDl05mRNA的表达变化规律与对照组相似,但各个时间点的表达量较对照组均明显下降,其中实验组VEGFmRNA于2w时的表达约为对照组的36．7％;实验组CD105mRNA在第2w时约为对照组的21．68％。结论：通过沉默CD105基因的表达可以抑制大鼠CNV的生成,下调VEGF的表达可能是其作用机制之一。CD105基因有望成为CNV的基础研究热点和临床治疗的新靶点。     

红景天对心肌梗死大鼠缺血心肌血管新生作用及对VEGF的影响

目的:探讨中药红景天对急性心肌梗死大鼠缺血心肌血管新生作用及其对血管内皮生长因子(EGF)蛋白和mRNA表达的影响.方法:52只SD大鼠随机分成单纯手术组、术后给药组、提前给药组、假手术组和正常对照组.采用开胸结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立心肌梗死模型,4周后处死动物.Ⅷ因子免疫组化染色后对各组大鼠梗死边缘区微血管进行计数;免疫组化技术及Western blot技术检测各组缺血心肌VEGF蛋白质水平表达变化;逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测缺血心肌VEGF mR-NA表达变化.结果:术后给药组和提前给药组血管计数均较单纯手术组增多(P＜0.01),且提前给药组明显多于术后给药组(P＜0.01);术后给药组和提前给药组缺血心肌VEGF及其mRNA表达较单纯手术组增加(P＜0.01),提前给药组缺血心肌VEGF及其mRNA表达明显高于术后给药组(P＜0.01).结论:红景天能够促进心梗后大鼠缺血心肌血管新生,其作用机制可能与上调局部心肌VEGF及其mRNA表达有关.预给红景天可能增强对心梗大鼠的上述作用.     

新生儿窒息与血管内皮生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子-1的关系

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)在窒息新生儿脐血水平变化的临床意义.方法:采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)及放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定正常新生儿(67例,对照组)和窒息新生儿(50例,窒息组)脐血血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的水平.结果:新生儿窒息时脐血VEGF比正常脐血对照组显著升高(t=-9.944,p<0.01),IGF-1比正常脐血对照组显著下降(t=-15.943,p<0.01).结论:窒息新生儿VEGF水平的上升与IGF-1水平的下降,提示两者均可能参与新生儿窒息的病理生理过程,同时检测新生儿脐血VEGF与IGF-1可望成为反映新生儿窒息程度的一个敏感和特异的指标.     

缺氧诱导因子-1α与血管内皮生长因子及其受体2在大鼠3期压力性损伤皮肤组织中的表达及意义*

目的:分析缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管内皮生长因子受体2(KDR)在不同受压时间点大鼠压力性损伤局部皮肤组织中的表达及相互关系,探讨3期压力性损伤慢性难愈的可能机制。方法:将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、受压3 d、5 d、7 d、 9 d组( n=8 ),使用磁铁压迫法建立3期压力性损伤动物模型。HE染色观察皮肤组织形态;免疫组化法检测VEGF表达,Western blot 检测皮肤组织HIF-1α、VEGF、KDR蛋白表达;对数据行单因素方差分析、LSD检验。结果:①HE结果显示,与正常对照组相比,受压组大鼠表皮逐渐增厚,血管数量不断减少,胶原排列紊乱,炎症细胞浸润增加。②免疫组化结果显示:受压3 d组大鼠皮肤组织中VEGF蛋白表达量较正常对照组明显增高(P＜0.01);受压5 d、7 d和 9 d组大鼠皮肤组织中VEGF蛋白表达量均明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05)。WB结果和免疫组化结果一致。③WB结果显示:受压3 d、5 d和7 d组大鼠皮肤组织中HIF-1α表达量均明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01 或 P＜0.05);4组受压组大鼠皮肤组织KDR蛋白表达量均低于正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论:HIF-1α介导的VEGF和KDR蛋白表达减少引起组织血管生成减少可能是3期压力性损伤慢性难愈的重要原因之一。     

人参皂甙Rb1对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后血管再生的影响

目的观察人参皂甙Rb1对大鼠缺血再灌注后血管再生和心肌VEGF蛋白表达的影响,并对其作用机制作初步探讨。方法结扎sD大鼠左冠状动脉前降支,将大鼠随机分为Rb1治疗组、单纯手术组及假手术组。手术2周,4周后分别测定有关心功能指标,TFC和伊文思兰染色测定梗死区、缺血区的面积比值,免疫组化方法检测心肌VEGF的表达量,Ⅷ因子和SAM染色观察微血管密度和功能血管再生情况。结果人参皂甙Rb1治疗组心功能好转,心肌微血管密度和功能血管数量明显高于单纯手术组,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）,缺血区和梗死区的范围也明显缩小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,VEGF的表达量也高于单纯手术组,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论人参皂甙Rb1有促进缺血心肌血管生成、保护缺血心肌、缩小梗死面积、改善心功能的作用。     

姜黄素抑制小鼠脉络膜新生血管的实验研究

目的：观察姜黄素对激光诱导的小鼠脉络膜新生血管（choroidalneovascularization,CNV）形成的影响。方法：60只雄性C57BL／6小鼠,随机分为对照组、10mg／kg姜黄素治疗组、30mg／kg姜黄素治疗组,每组20只。采用激光诱导产生小鼠CNV模型。由光凝前3天开始,至光凝后14天,两个治疗组每天分别给予腹腔注射相应剂量的姜黄素,对照组腹腔注射二甲亚砜溶液（溶剂）。光凝后第3天通过免疫组化和ELISA检测血管内皮生长因子（vesselendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）的表达;第14天通过组织学检查以及荧光素标记的葡聚糖的血管灌注检测CNV的面积,荧光血管造影评价CNV的渗漏程度。结果：光凝后第14天,组织学检查显示姜黄素能够有效缩小激光诱导的CNV;荧光素标记的葡聚糖血管灌注后测量色素上皮-脉络膜铺片上CNV的面积,和对照相比,姜黄素能显著减小激光诱导的CNV的面积（P〈0．05）;荧光血管造影显示姜黄素能有效抑制CNV的渗漏（P〈O．05）。和10mg／kg姜黄素治疗组相比,30mg／kg姜黄素治疗组小鼠CNV面积缩小和渗漏程度减弱（P〈0．05）。光凝后第3天,VEGF免疫组化和ELISA结果显示姜黄素显著抑制色素上皮一脉络膜复合体中VEGF（P〈0．01）的表达,高刺量组有更强的抑制作用（P〈0．01）。结论：姜黄素可以有效地抑制小鼠CNV的形成,下调VEGF的表达可能是姜黄素抑制CNV的作用机制之一。因此我们推测姜黄素对并发CNV的AMD患者可能具有治疗作用。     

黄芪红花配伍对大鼠脑缺血后血管新生及Cav-1/VEGF信号通路的影响

目的:黄芪红花配伍是否通过调节小凹蛋白1(Caveolin-1,Cav-1)/血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)通路促进血管新生保护大鼠脑缺血损伤。方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5个组:对照组(Sham组,n=12),模型组(MACO组,n=12),黄芪红花40:1组(n=12),20:1组(n=12),5:1(n=12)。大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型采用尼龙线栓法制作,连续给药21d后,评价神经功能学评分,计算脑梗死体积,采用免疫组化法测定皮质区的微血管密度,采用RT-PCR法检测皮质区VEGF m RNA和Cav-1 m RNA表达,采用Western-blotting法测定皮质区VEGF和Cav-1的蛋白表达。结果:连续给药21d后,各组大鼠的神经功能学评分均有所降低,3个不同比例的黄芪红花组的神经功能学评分降低最为明显(P0.01),脑梗死体积较模型组显著减少(P0.05~P0.01),微血管密度、VEGF和Cav-1 m RNA和蛋白表达水平均较模型组明显升高(P0.05~P0.01)。结论:黄芪红花配伍可能通过调节Cav-1/VEGF信号通路促进脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑内的血管新生,从而减轻脑缺血损伤,且最佳的配伍比例为黄芪红花5:1。     

早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜中血管生成素-1、血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的:研究血管生成素-1(angiopoietin-1,Ang-1)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜中的表达及其意义。方法:制备类似人类Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠动物模型,取40只SD雄性大鼠分糖尿病组28只及正常对照组12只,糖尿病组28只SD雄性大鼠腹腔注射STZ65mg.Kg-1,建模成功后分别在1周、2周、3周、4周各取糖尿病组7只及正常对照组3只摘取大鼠眼球,应用免疫组化法检测Ang-1、VEGF在视网膜中的表达。结果:Ang-1、VEGF在正常大鼠视网膜的染色均为阴性,Ang-1在1、2、3周糖尿病大鼠视网膜内界膜、内核层及散在血管旁周细胞及Mǔller细胞中呈阳性表达,4周时呈阴性染色反应,Ang-1在糖尿病大鼠视网膜中表达1周阳性率约为39.5%,2周阳性率约为59.7%,3周阳性率约为78.9%,4周阳性率约为19.0%。VEGF在糖尿病大鼠视网膜中表达1周阳性率约为38.6%,2周阳性率约为54.3%,3周阳性率为78.9%,4周阳性率约为42%。结论:Ang-1、VEGF可能在糖尿病视网膜病变早期形成中起到重要...     

子宫腺肌病中异位和正位子宫内膜血管发生的研究

目的探讨子宫腺肌病中异位和正位内膜组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及微血管密度(MVD)与发病机制的关系.方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测21例正常子宫内膜(对照组)和38例子宫腺肌病(疾病组)异位内膜及正位内膜中VEGF的表达,利用Ⅷ因子相关抗原标记血管内皮细胞,再应用计算机图像分析系统分析VEGF免疫染色密度值及计数切片中微血管(20×视野).结果疾病组异位内膜腺上皮细胞及间质细胞中VEGF的表达明显高于对照组腺上皮及间质细胞(P<0.01).疾病组正位内膜腺上皮细胞中的VEGF的表达亦高于对照组(P<0.05).疾病组异位内膜中的平均微血管密度明显高于正位内膜及对照组(P<0.05).VEGF与MVD表达呈明显正相关(P<0.01).结论子宫腺肌病异位和正位内膜中VEGF表达的明显增高及局部微血管密度的明显增加,可能导致局部新生毛细血管的增多,从而促进子宫内膜在子宫肌层内异位种植和生长.     

Role of mesenchymal stem cells on cornea wound healing induced by acute alkali burn

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subconjunctivally administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on corneal wound healing in the acute stage of an alkali burn. A corneal alkali burn model was generated by placing a piece of 3-mm diameter filter paper soaked in NaOH on the right eye of 48 Sprague-Dawley female rats. 24 rats were administered a subconjunctival injection of a suspension of 2×10(6) MSCs in 0.1 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on day 0 and day 3 after the corneal alkali burn. The other 24 rats were administered a subconjunctival injection of an equal amount of PBS as a control. Deficiencies of the corneal epithelium and the area of corneal neovascularization (CNV) were evaluated on days 3 and 7 after the corneal alkali burn. Infiltrated CD68(+) cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). In addition, VEGF protein levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MSCs significantly enhanced the recovery of the corneal epithelium and decreased the CNV area compared with the control group. On day 7, the quantity of infiltrated CD68(+) cells was significantly lower in the MSC group and the mRNA levels of MIP-1α, TNF-α, and VEGF and the protein levels of VEGF were also down-regulated. However, the expression of MCP-1 was not different between the two groups. Our results suggest that subconjunctival injection of MSCs significantly accelerates corneal wound healing, attenuates inflammation and reduces CNV in alkaline-burned corneas; these effects were found to be related to a reduction of infiltrated CD68(+) cells and the down-regulation of MIP-1α, TNF-α and VEGF.     

Minocycline inhibits alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization in mice

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of minocycline on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV). A total of 105 mice treated with alkali burns were randomly divided into three groups to receive intraperitoneal injections of either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or minocycline twice a day (60 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. The area of CNV and corneal epithelial defects was measured on day 4, 7, 10, and14 after alkali burns. On day 14, a histopathological examination was performed to assess morphological change and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin-1α, 1β, 6 (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6) were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was determined by gelatin zymography. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the protein levels of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, IL-1β and IL-6. Minocycline at a dose of 60 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg significantly enhanced the recovery of the corneal epithelial defects more than PBS did. There were significant decreases of corneal neovascularization in the group of high-dosage minocycline compared with the control group at all checkpoints. On day 14, the infiltrated PMNs was reduced, and the mRNA expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, bFGF, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-9, -13 as well as the protein expression of VEGFR2, MMP-2, -9, IL-1β, IL-6 in the corneas were down-regulated with the use of 60 mg/kg minocycline twice a day. Our results showed that the intraperitoneal injection of minocycline (60 mg/kg b.i.d.) can significantly inhibit alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization in mice, possibly by accelerating corneal wound healing and by reducing the production of angiogenic factors, inflammatory cytokines and MMPs.     

Inhibitory role of adiponectin peptide I on rat choroidal neovascularization

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of central blindness in the elderly population. The wet type of AMD is characterized by extensive growth of new vessels. One of the effective strategies to treat wet AMD is to limit the choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We studied the effects of adiponectin peptide I (APNpI) on new vessel growth in laser-induced rat model of wet AMD and on rat choroidal endothelial cell (CEC) culture. CNV size and vessel density were investigated by microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for von Willebrand Factor (vWF), APN, APN receptors 1 (AdipoR1), 2 (AdipoR2), VEGF, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed in CNV area. The mRNA expression of VEGF and VEGF-R2 in RPE-choroid was investigated by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. APNpI inhibited area of CNV by 4 fold, number of vWF positive vessels by 99% and area of subretinal tissue by 40%. The expression of VEGF and VEGF-R2 at mRNA and protein levels decreased after APNpI treatment in vivo. Proliferative index (PCNA) was 5 folds less in laser spots of APNpI treated rats compared to controls. In conclusion, APNpI inhibited formation of new vessels in rat model of CNV by decreasing VEGF, VEGF-R2 expression and cell proliferation. Thus, APNpI may have potential therapeutic use for AMD treatment since it significantly inhibited CNV.     

Establishing a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization to study the therapeutic effect of levotinib and its mechanism

ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of levotinib on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice.Methods45 healthy C57BL/6 mice were selected and randomly divided into three groups: control group (group A), model group (group B) and levotinib group (group C). The model of CNV in mice was established. The fluorescence leakage of choroidal lesions in mice was observed by fundus fluorescein angiography. The morphological changes of retinal vessels in mice were observed by retinal slice preparation, the pathological changes of eyeball tissues in mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mice retina was detected by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR, and the protein expression of VEGF in mice retina was detected by Western blotting.ResultOn the 7th, 14th and 21st day after modeling, compared with group B, the fluorescence leakage area of group C mice was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The morphology of retinal vessels in group A was normal. In group B, the retinal vessels showed large areas of ischemia without perfusion and abundant neovascularization clusters and capillaries. Compared with group B, the morphology of retinal vessels in group C was significantly improved. Group A mice had normal eyeball structure, group B mice had visible spindle-like damage to the inner and outer retina, while group C mice had significantly less spindle-like damage than group B. Compared with group A, group B mice had significantly higher expression of retinal VEGF and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but compared with group B mice, the expression of VEGF in the retina of mice in group C was significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the expression of VEGF in retina of group B mice was significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the expression of VEGF in retina of group C mice was significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionLevatinib has obvious therapeutic effect on CNV, which may be achieved by inhibiting the high expression of VEGF in CNV.     

Mechanisms Controlling the Effects of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on the Inhibition of Early but Not Late Formed Corneal Neovascularization

Purpose

To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of early and late subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab on the inhibition of corneal neovascularization (NV).

Methods

Corneal NV was induced by closed eye contact lens wear followed by a silk suture tarsorrhaphy in rabbits. Weekly subconjunctival injections of bevacizumab (5.0 mg) for 1 month were started immediately (early treatment group) or 1 month after induction of corneal NV with continuous induction (late treatment group). The severity of corneal NV was evaluated. Immunostaining was used to evaluate the intracorneal diffusion of bevacizumab, and the existence of pericytes and smooth muscle cells around the NV. The expression of AM-3K, an anti-macrophage antibody, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with its receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), and vascular endothelial apoptosis were also evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the expression level of VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 on corneal epithelium and stroma in different groups.

Results

Early treatment with bevacizumab inhibited corneal NV more significantly than late treatment. Intracorneal diffusion of bevacizumab was not different among different groups. Immunostaining showed pericytes and smooth muscle cells around newly formed vessels as early as 2 weeks after induction. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis showed that VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 on corneal stroma increased significantly in no treatment groups and late treatment groups, but not in early treatment group. Bevacizumab significantly inhibited macrophage infiltration in the early but not late treatment group. Sporadic vascular endothelial apoptosis was found at 4 weeks in the late but not early treatment group.

Conclusions

Early but not late injection of bevacizumab inhibited corneal NV. Late injection of bevacizumab did not alter macrophage infiltration, and can''t inhibit the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 on corneal vessels. The inhibition of corneal NV in early treatment group does not occur via vascular endothelial apoptosis.     

乳腺癌组织中转化生长因子-beta1 和血管内皮生长因子的表达 及其与血管生成的关系

目的:研究转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial cell growth factor,VEGF)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系。方法:选取65例手术切除乳腺癌蜡块标本及其周围正常乳腺组织,分为两组:A组为对照组,检测标本为乳腺癌癌旁正常乳腺组织;B组为实验组,检测标本为乳腺癌组织,采用免疫组织化学染色和形态计量检测TGF-β1和VEGF在乳腺癌组织中的表达。利用CD34相关抗原标记血管内皮细胞,计数微血管密度(intratumoral mier oveseulardensity,MVD),并分析其与TGF-β1和VEGF表达的关系。结果:65例乳腺癌组织中,TGF-β1的阳性表达率为69.23%(45/65),TGF-β1阳性表达者MVD值(25.31±4.05)显著高于TGF-β1阴性表达者(21.23±4.29);VEGF的阳性表达率为78.46%(51/65),VEGF阳性表达者MVD值(26.62±3.41)亦明显显著高于VEGF阴性表达者(18.95±6.52)(均P<0.05)。不同病理类型的乳腺癌组织中TGF-β1、VEGF的阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但TGF-β1、VEGF的阳性表达与乳腺癌的组织分级、淋巴结转移呈显著正相关(均P<0.05),且组织学分级越高、淋巴结转移越多,MVD值越大。结论:TGF-β1与VEGF在乳腺癌组织的表达高于正常乳腺组织,并与乳腺癌肿瘤血管的生成有关,二者有望作为乳腺癌恶性程度、浸润转移等生物学行为的评估指标。     

Topical dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits corneal neovascularization and stimulates corneal repair in rabbits following acid burn

Neovascularization of the cornea is characterized by the growth of blood vessels caused by imbalances between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. We investigated whether the expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF), Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) receptors, as well as topical drug treatments, participate in regulating corneal neovascularization after corneal damage and remodeling. We used 72 mature male New Zealand rabbits. Corneal burns were induced by hydrofluoric acid under general anesthesia. The rabbits then were treated with indomethacin or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The animals were euthanized on days 2, 7 and 14 after injury. Each cornea was fixed with 10% neutral formalin. On days 2, 7 and 14, VEGF, flk1/KDR and flt1/fms were strongly expressed in the epithelial, stromal and inflammatory cells, but not in the corneal endothelial cells. On day 7, newly formed blood vessels were observed growing toward the center of the cornea. In the control, indomethacin treated, DMSO–treated, and indomethacin + DMSO–treated animals, VEGI, VEGF, and the receptors, flk1/KDR, flt1/fms and flt4, were expressed at different densities in the neovascular regions. This was particularly evident in the indomethacin- and indomethacin + DMSO–treated groups on days 7 and 14, compared to day 2. Treatment with VEGF and DMSO stimulated repair of corneal damage. We suggest that VEGI in the endothelial cells of neovascularized cornea may act as a signaling protein that promotes balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Topical administration of DMSO inhibited corneal neovascularization more effectively than indomethacin.     

Suppression and regression of choroidal neovascularization in mice by a novel CCR2 antagonist, INCB3344

Purpose

To investigate the effect of an intravitreally administered CCR2 antagonist, INCB3344, on a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods

CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation on Day 0 in wild type mice. INCB3344 or vehicle was administered intravitreally immediately after laser application. On Day 14, CNV areas were measured on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid flat mounts and histopathologic examination was performed on 7 µm-thick sections. Macrophage infiltration was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on RPE-choroid flat mounts and quantified by flow cytometry on Day 3. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in RPE-choroid tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, VEGF mRNA in sorted macrophages in RPE-choroid tissue was examine by real-time PCR and expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK 1/2) in RPE-choroid tissue was measured by Western blot analysis on Day 3. We also evaluated the efficacy of intravitreal INCB3344 to spontaneous CNV detected in Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) deficient mice. Changes in CNV size were assessed between pre- and 1week post-INCB3344 or vehicle administration in fundus photography and fluorescence angiography (FA).

Results

The mean CNV area in INCB3344-treated mice decreased by 42.4% compared with the vehicle-treated control mice (p<0.001). INCB3344 treatment significantly inhibited macrophage infiltration into the laser-irradiated area (p<0.001), and suppressed the expression of VEGF protein (p = 0.012), VEGF mRNA in infiltrating macrophages (p<0.001) and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (p<0.001). The area of spontaneous CNV in Sod1 ^−/− mice regressed by 70.35% in INCB3344-treated animals while no change was detected in vehicle-treated control mice (p<0.001).

Conclusions

INCB3344 both inhibits newly forming CNV and regresses established CNV. Controlling inflammation by suppressing macrophage infiltration and angiogenic ability via the CCR-2/MCP-1 signal may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating CNV associated with age-related macular degeneration.