子宫内膜癌中血管内皮生长因子和微血管密度的表达

目的：探讨子宫内膜癌血管内皮生长因子(Vascular Endometrial Growth Factor,VEGF)的表达,及其与临床病理参数的关系。方法：采用S-P免疫组化法,应用VEGF多克隆抗体检测50例子宫内膜腺癌及20例正常子宫内膜中VEGF的表达,计数微血管密度(Microvessel Density,MVD)。结果：子宫内膜癌中VFGF表达阳性率明显高于正常子宫内膜,分别为92％和30％,P＜0．01。子宫内膜癌中的MVD明显高于正常子宫内膜,分别为：46．0±4．5和14．0±1．7,P＜0．05。MVD在深肌层浸润组中显著高于浅肌层浸润组,分别为：69．9±16．8和42．8±4．4,P＜0．05。结论：VEGF、MVD与子宫内膜癌的发生有关。子宫内膜癌发生发展依赖血管生成。MVD可作为子宫内膜癌的预后因素。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2,-9在子宫腺肌病的表达

目的　探讨基质金属蛋白酶 2 , 9(MMP 2 , 9)在子宫腺肌病的表达及与发病机制的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学SP法对 2 8例子宫腺肌病 (疾病组 )异位及原位内膜 ,35例子宫肌瘤 (对照组 )原位内膜中MMP 2 , 9的表达进行测定 ,应用图像分析系统分析MMP 2 , 9平均光密度值。结果　MMP 2 , 9于两组原位内膜中表达均呈月经周期依赖性 ,分泌期的表达强度高于增生期 (P <0 0 5 ) ;于疾病组异位内膜中表达无周期性显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。疾病组内增生期异位内膜MMP 2 , 9的表达强度高于原位内膜 (P <0 0 5 )。疾病组整个月经周期中 ,MMP 2 , 9于原位及异位内膜的表达皆持续明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　研究显示子宫腺肌病原位和异位内膜MMP 2 , 9的过度表达可能与其发病机制有关     

NGF 及其受体TrkA 在子宫腺肌病中的表达及与痛经的关系

目的:研究NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病患者的异位内膜与在位内膜组织的表达情况及与痛经的关系。方法:采用免疫组化MaxVision法检测子宫腺肌病异位内膜(30例)、在位内膜(30例)、正常子宫内膜(19例)标本中NGF、TrkA蛋白的表达,分析其表达差异及与痛经的关系。结果:①子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组(P<0.01),在位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组(P<0.01),子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与在位内膜组无显著差异。②子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与痛经强度评分呈正相关(相关系数r=0.637,P=0.000;r=0.662,P=0.000)。结论:NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病中高表达可能参与子宫腺肌病发病机制,而且可能与痛经有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2及其抑制物TIMP-2在子宫腺肌病中的表达

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2及其抑制物TIMP-2在子宫腺肌病异位内膜细胞及在位内膜细胞中的表达.方法:应用免疫组化方法(SP法)检测MMP-2及其抑制物TIMP-2在46例子宫腺肌病异住内膜细胞,在位内膜细胞及30例子宫肌瘤内膜细胞的表达.结果:MMP-2蛋白在子宫肌瘤内膜细胞组中阳性表达率为33.33%,在子宫腺肌病异位内膜细胞组中阳性率为89.13%,在位内膜细胞中阳性率为84.78%,差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).TIMP-2蛋白在子宫肌瘤内膜细胞组中阳性表达率为46.67%,在子宫腺肌病异位内膜细胞组中阳性率为15.22%,在位内膜细胞中为47.83%,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:子宫腺肌病患者异位内膜组织中MMP-2表达增高,TIMP-2表达降低,使MMP-2与TIMP-2平衡失调,从而参与了子宫腺肌病的发生发展.     

子宫内膜异位症患者血管生成相关基因VEGF和TSP-1 mRNA的表达

本研究的目的在于探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血小板反应蛋白-1(TSP-1)在子宫内膜异位症患者的在位内膜、卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及正常子宫内膜中的表达及意义。采用q PCR法检测在北京妇产医院接受腹腔镜手术的62例内异症患者的异位内膜、在位内膜及23例不孕症患者正常子宫内膜中VEGF和TSP-1 mRNA的表达水平。结果表明卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿间质细胞中的VEGF mRNA的表达水平与在位子宫内膜间质细胞相比明显降低(p=0.001),而TSP-1 mRNA的表达水平明显高于后者(p0.001)。VEGF mRNA在卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿组织中的表达水平明显低于在位子宫内膜组织(p0.001),而TSP-1mRNA的表达水平明显高于后者(p0.001)。VEGF mRNA在在位子宫内膜组织中的表达水平明显高于正常子宫内膜组织(p0.001)。TSP-1 mRNA的表达与后者相比无统计学差异(p=0.221)。血管形成相关基因VEGF和TSP-1在卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿和在位子宫内膜组织、细胞中表达不同,其可能参与了子宫内膜异位症的发生和发展。     

NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病中的表达及与痛经的关系

目的：研究NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病患者的异位内膜与在位内膜组织的表达情况及与痛经的关系。方法：采用免疫组化MaxVision法检测子宫腺肌病异位内膜（30例）、在位内膜（30例）、正常子宫内膜（19例）标本中NGF、TrkA蛋白的表达,分析其表达差异及与痛经的关系。结果：①子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组（P〈0.01）,在位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组（P〈0.01）,子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与在位内膜组无显著差异。②子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与痛经强度评分呈正相关（相关系数r=0.637,P=0.000;r=0.662,P=0.000）。结论：NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病中高表达可能参与子宫腺肌病发病机制,而且可能与痛经有关。     

Survivin和MMP-9在子宫上皮和间质细胞中的表达与子宫内膜异位症间的关系

目的研究Survivin蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9）在子宫腺肌症（ade-nomyosis,AM）、腹壁子宫内膜异位症（abdominal wall endometriosis,AWEMS）、卵巢子宫内膜异位症（ovary endometri-osis,OEMS）的在位、异位内膜的腺上皮细胞和间质细胞中的表达,并与对照组进行比较,探讨其在子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis,EMS）的发生发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测各组织标本中Survivin和MMP-9的表达。结果 （1）在正常子宫内膜组织中Survivin、MMP-9均呈弱表达或无表达。在EMS三个病例组中,无论是在位内膜还是异位内膜组织Survivin、MMP-9的表达均有不同程度的上调,分别与正常子宫内膜组织表达比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（2）在AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中,仅在增生期异位内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞中Sur-vivin、MMP-9的表达分别高于在位内膜同类细胞的表达,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;分泌期则呈不规律表达。（3）在AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中,限定相同组织部位、相同细胞类型,增生期与分泌期Survivin、MMP-9的表达水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）且无周期性。（4）在AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中,限定相同生理期、相同组织部位比较腺上皮细胞与间质细胞Survivin、MMP-9的表达：腺上皮细胞显著高于间质细胞的表达,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（5）EMS三个病例组之间,限定相同生理期、相同组织部位、相同细胞类型,组间分别比较Survivin或MMP-9的表达水平：Survivin表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,异位内膜仅分泌期MMP-9在AWEMS腺上皮细胞的表达（4.45±0.18）和AM腺上皮细胞的表达（4.68±0.17）高于OEMS异位内膜腺上皮细胞的表达（2.13±0.12）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 Survivin和MMP-9在EMS在位内膜和异位内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞中高表达可能是内异症发生发展的重要因素并有协同作用,在位内膜异常是EMS发病的决定性因素,腺上皮细胞高表达在EMS的发生发展中起主导作用,AM、AWEMS、OEMS三个病例组中的生物学特性不同可能受发病诱因、腹腔内环境及多种相关因子影响。     

内皮抑素转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的实验研究

目的:了解内皮抑素(ES)转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的疗效。方法:构建子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型,选择建模成功的大鼠为实验研究对象,随机分为ES转染组(I组)24只、载体对照组(Ⅱ组)20只和阴性对照组(Ⅲ组)20只。I组病灶局部注射lipofectamine-endo-pBud复合物进行基因转染,Ⅱ组注射lipofectamine-pBud复合物,Ⅲ组注射PBS用于对照。通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测异位病灶中ES基因的相对表达量,用Western-blot测定ES-HA融合蛋白及ES蛋白的相对表达量,来判断转染成功与否。用ELISA法对大鼠血清中ES及血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平进行测定,用免疫组化SP法对ES、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)以及微血管密度(MVD)的表达进行测定,用游标卡尺对转染前后各组大鼠异位病灶的长、宽进行测量,计算体积,分析各指标实验前后的差异,观察内皮抑素转基因治疗子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的疗效。结果:注射相应试剂后2周,I组异位病灶组织中ES基因的相对表达量高于两对照组(P<0.05),有ES-HA融合蛋白表达,且ES蛋白的相对表达量显著高于两对照组(P<0.01);I组血清中ES水平显著高于两对照组(P<0.01),VEGF水平显著低于两对照组(P<0.01),三组ES与VEGF在血清中的表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.805);I组异位病灶组织中ES表达明显高于两对照组(P<0.01);MMP-2的表达明显少于两对照组(P<0.01);MVD明显少于两对照组(P<0.01);三组ES与MMP-2在异位内膜中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.700);I组异位病灶体积明显小于两对照组(P<0.01)。结论:阳离子脂质体LipofectamineTM2000介导的重组质粒endo-pBud病灶内直接注射法可以成功实现ES在子宫内膜异位症大鼠异位内膜中的表达,并对子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型有治疗作用。     

HLA-G蛋白及基因在子宫腺肌病中的表达

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原G(human leucocyte antigen-G,HLA-G)在子宫腺肌病(adenomyosis,AM)患者在位、异位内膜中的表达及其生物意义,为AM的病因研究和治疗展望提供依据.方法:采用免疫组化和RT-PCR法检测36例AM患者和30例正常子宫内膜在位、异位内膜HLA-G蛋白及基因表达情况.结果:AM在位、异位内膜HLA-G蛋白及基因表达量显著高于正常子宫内膜(P<0.05);AM在位与异住内膜HLA-G蛋白表达量无显著差异(P>0.05);AM在位、异位内膜腺体细胞HLA-G蛋白的表达量呈正相关(r=0.948,P<0.05);AM在位、异位子宫内膜间质细胞HLA-G蛋白的表达量也呈正相关(r=0.863,P<0.05).结论:HLA-G在AM在位、异位内膜中呈高表达,参与了AM的发病机制,HLA-G阳性的子宫内膜更容易逃避免疫细胞的攻击而浸润肌层生长.     

子宫内膜癌组织中生长抑素受体、VEGF的表达及其与血管形成的关系

目的探讨生长抑素受体（somatostatin receptor,SSTR）、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测60例子宫内膜癌组织中SSTR各亚型、VEGF及CD34标记的微血管密度（microvessel denisity,MVD）的表达情况,探讨其与子宫内膜癌临床病理学特征及肿瘤血管形成的关系。结果在60例子宫内膜癌组织中,SSTR各亚型（SSTR1、SSTR2、SSTR3、SSTR4及SSTR5）的阳性表达率分别为70．0％,15．0％。21．7％,23．3％及18．3％;SSTR3、SSTR4在中高分化组表达阳性率明显高于低分化组（P〈0．05）。VEGF的阳性表达率为83．3％,VEGF在低分化组表达阳性率明显高于中高分化组、深肌层浸润组表达阳性率明显高于浅肌层浸润组、FIGO分期≥II期组表达阳性率明显高于I期组（P〈0．05）。子宫内膜癌组MVD（44．85±15．78）明显高于正常子宫内膜组MVD（18．96±4．30）（P〈0．01）。SSTR5的表达与VEGF呈负相关,VEGF阳性表达组子宫内膜癌组织MVD高于VEGF阴性组。结论联合检测SSTR和VEGF对子宫内膜癌预后的评估有一定临床意义。生长抑素类似物（somatostatin analogs,SSTA）可能为子宫内膜癌的诊治提供新的靶点。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various