hTNF受体在BHK细胞中的表达及其与hTNF—α的相互作用

将两种人肿瘤坏死因子（ｈＴＮＦ）受体ｈＴＮＦＲ５５和ｈＴＮＦＲ７５基因分别克隆到表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３、ｐＤＲ２以及ｐＸＪ４１中,以脂质体介导的方法转染ＢＨＫ细胞,用［１２５Ｉ］ＴＮＦα筛选出阳性克隆,并进一步鉴定了表达两种ｈＴＮＦＲｓ的细胞株;反转录（ＲＴ）ＰＣＲ和ＥＬＩＳＡ结果表明两种ｈＴＮＦＲｓ在ＲＮＡ转录和蛋白质合成水平均获得了表达。但ｈＴＮＦα不能引发这些细胞株的细胞毒活性;结合野生型ｈＴＮＦα及其突变体Ｒ２Ｋ的细胞毒活性和体内毒性的测定结果,利用这些细胞株进一步测定了突变体ｈＴＮＦαＲ２Ｋ和野生型ｈＴＮＦα分别与两种受体的竞争结合活性,从而为两种受体以及ｈＴＮＦα的结构和功能研究的进一步深入奠定了一定的基础。     

乙肝病毒表面抗原preS1与人肿瘤坏死因子α融合基因的表达

用ＰＣＲ法获得了ＨＢｓＡｇｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）肽段基因,将该基因融合在肿瘤坏死因子（ｈＴＮＦα）之后,插入表达载体ＰＳＢ－９２中,使融合基因的５′端直接置于大肠肝菌ＰＬ启动子下游,采用３０℃培养,４２℃诱导,获得了ＴＮＦ与ｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）融合蛋白的表达产物。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳显示表达产物为２５ｋＤ,约占细菌总蛋白的３５％。表达产物经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ验证,能分别特异地与ｈＴＮＦα抗体与ｐｒｅＳ１抗体结合,稀释复性后,该融合蛋白还具有ＴＮＦ的生理功能（对Ｌ９２９细胞的细胞毒活性）。经ＤＮＡ序列测定,ｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）肽基因正确地融合在ｈＴＮＦα基因之后。该结果提供了一种制备ｐｒｅＳ１的新方法,为进一步开展治疗肝癌和乙肝的导向药物打下基础。     

TNF—α与TNF受体超家族介导的信号传导

肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦ－α）与其相应的受体结合后通过介导复杂的信号传导而表现生物学活性。目前资料显示主要从以下途径;（１）以神经酰胺（ＣＭ）作为第二信使,进而激活Ｒａｆ途径;（２）以甘油二酯（ＤＡＧ）作为第二信使,然后激活蛋白和激酶ＣＰＫＣ）和核因子ｋＢ（ＮＦ＿ｋＢ）;（３）也可能Ｒａｃｌ途径。同时,近年来发现在ＴＮＦＲ１与Ｆａｓ的胞内部分存在一个凋亡结构域。并且发现３处蛋白质能与该结构域发生反应     

一组丝瓜籽小分子核糖体失活蛋白LuffinS的分离、纯化和性质

通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、ＣＭ－５２阳离子交换层析、ＨＲＬＣ分子排阻层析及ＦＰＬＣＭｏｎｏＳ离子交换层析等步骤,从丝瓜籽中分离到一组分子量为８ｋＤ左右的小分子核糖体失活蛋白——ＬｕｆｉｎＳ１、ＬｕｆｉｎＳ２、ＬｕｆｉｎＳ３。末端分析结果表明,它们的Ｎ端氨基酸分别为Ａｌａ、Ｐｒｏ和Ｔｈｒ。氨基酸序列分析确定了ＬｕｆｉｎＳ２的Ｎ端９个氨基酸的序列是Ｐｒｏ－Ａｒｇ－Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｇｌｎ－Ｇｌｕ－Ａｌａ－Ｐｈｅ－Ａｓｐ。ＬｕｆｉｎＳｓ对核糖体的失活机制与天花粉蛋白（ＴＣＳ）一致,是ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶催化型的。它们对无细胞蛋白质生物合成的抑制活性较ＴＣＳ略强,ＩＣ５０分别为１．３×１０－１１、１．０×１０－１０和６．３×１０－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右。因此ＬｕｆｉｎＳｓ有可能开发成免疫毒素的高效“弹头”。     

FasL—Fas／APO—1（CD95）系统

Ｆａｓ配体（ＦａｓＬ）与Ｆａｓ受体（Ｆａｓ,即ＡＰＯ－１,又称ＣＤ９５）分别属于肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）及ＴＮＦ受体（ＴＮＦＲ）家族,以膜分子或可溶性分子形式存在于哺乳类机体内。ＦａｓＬ或Ｆａｓ单克隆抗体（ＦａｓｍＡｂ）与Ｆａｓ结合可引起Ｆａｓ了性反应细胞的功能增强,继而出现程序性细胞死亡（ＰＣＤ）。ＦａｓＬ与Ｆａｓ相互作用及其所介导的信息途径是目前ＰＣＤ研究的重要内容之一。     

CCK－8和NDAP对大鼠脑和脊髓组织c－fos表达的影响

为探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（ＣＣｋ－８）和阿片肽相互作用的分子机理,利用抗体免疫沉淀技术研究了ＣＣＫ－８与ＮＤＡＰ（ｋ阿片受体激动剂）对大鼠脑（去皮层和小脑）和脊髓背柱组织Ｆｏｓ蛋白的影响。结果表明,０．１μｍｏｌ／ＬＣＣＫ－８可显著刺激脑和脊髓组织中Ｆｏｓ蛋白增加（分别是对照组的３．８倍和３．６倍）。相同浓度的ＮＤＡＰ对Ｆｏｓ蛋白的生成亦有一定的诱导作用,分别是对照组的２．７倍和２．６倍。ＣＣＫ－８和ＮＤＡＰ共同处理组织,Ｆｏｓ蛋白生成水平相似（脑）或高于（脊髓）ＣＣＫ~－８单独诱导的水平。结果表明,ＣＣＫ－８和ＮＤＡＰ均可直接诱导大鼠脑和脊髓组织ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达,它们对ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达的相互作用在脑和脊髓中呈现不同的模式。     

硫代反义寡核苷酸在细胞培养内抗甲型流感病毒活性

为了研究抗流感病毒特异性反义核酸药物,针对Ａ型流感病毒基因组３＇和５＇端保守序列,设计并合成了４条硫代寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）：３＇端反义ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ３＾＃）与３＇端正义ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ３Ｓ）,５＇端反义ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ４＾＃）与５＇端正交ＯＤＮ（ＩＶ４Ｓ）。以流感病毒血凝滴度和致细胞病变作用为指标,测定了ＯＤＮｓ在ＭＤＣＫ细胞中对Ａ型流感病毒Ａ／京防／８６－１（Ｈ１Ｎ１）复制的影响。结果表明,与流感病毒基因组     

肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）对常见呼吸道病毒的抑制作用

用人重组肿瘤坏死因子－α（Ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒ－α,ＴＮＦ－α）和人天然α干扰素（Ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｎ－α－,ＩＦＮ－α）在人胚胎肺纤维母细胞（ＨＥＦ）和Ｈｅｐ－２细胞系上对常见呼吸道病毒所致细胞病变抑制进行比较观察。病毒包括不同型别的腺病毒５株,单疱病毒Ⅰ型（ＨＳＶ－Ｉ）１株,鼻病毒１株,仙台病毒１株,ＶＳＶ１株。结果提示ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＦＮ－α均具有广谱抗病毒活性。ＴＮＦ－α的抑毒作用能被ＴＮＦ－α申抗和ＩＦＮ－β单抗完全去除,被ＩＦＮ－α单抗部分去除ＴＮＦ－α的抗病毒效应。ＴＮＦ－－α中和试验的结果提示：ＴＮＦ抗病毒活性仍为ＩＦＮ－β诱生所介导。     

大鼠肝生长发育过程中ACP、AKP、HSC70/HSP68和PCNA的变化(英文)

磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ、ＡＫＰ）在生物的机能分化中起重要作用,热休克蛋白（ＨＳＰｓ）是近几年发现的一类在胚胎发育、细胞生存中起重要作用的分子,无论是胚胎发育还是细胞结构和功能构建都和细胞增殖密切相关,增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）是检测细胞增殖的良好指标。 本实验用组织化学、免疫组织化学、Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹、酶的原位复性电泳、体视学分析等方法定性和定量分析了酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）（Ｆｉｇ．１＆２）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）（Ｆｉｇ．４＆５）、构成性热休克蛋白 ７０／诱导性热休克蛋白 ６８（ＨＳＣ７０／ＨＳＰ６８）（Ｆｉｇ．６）和ＰＣＮＡ（Ｆｉｇ．７＆８, Ｔａｂｌｅ１）在大鼠肝生长发育（从１４天胚胎到成体）过程中的动态变化。结果表明：（１）在大鼠肝生长发育过程中,ＡＣＰ有两个活性高峰期,其时段处于大鼠吃奶和吃饲料起始期（Ｆｉｇ．１＆２）;（２）在ＡＣＰ的第一个活性高峰期时,ＡＫＰ活性降低;而在ＡＣＰ的第二个活性高峰期时,正值ＡＫＰ的活性高峰期（Ｆｉｇ．３）;（３）ＡＣＰ活性高峰期也是ＰＣＮＡ含量高峰期;（４）ＨＳＣ７０／ＨＳＰ６８在刚断奶的幼鼠肝和成体肝中表达量较多,其他时段表达极少。根据上述结果推测：ＡＣＰ和ＰＣＮＡ通过调节细     

TNF受体家庭介导的细胞凋亡信号转导

肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）家庭是一类多功能的细胞因子,具有诱导细胞凋亡、抗病毒、免疫调节等多种生物学活性,其中一些成员可以通过和细胞膜上相应受体结合,启动细胞内的凋亡机制,而诱导细胞凋亡,一些蛋白质（如ＴＲＡＤＤ、ＦＡＤＤ、ＲＩＰ、ＲＡＩＤＤ等）参与这些信号传递过程,越来赵多的ＴＮＦ家庭成员,ＴＮＦ受体以及与细胞凋亡相产在的Ｃａｓｐａｓｅ蛋白酶２成员被人们发现。     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子α(hTNFα)衍生物发酵条件的研究

本文对一种新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子衍生物（命名为ｈＴＮＦＤ）的发酵条件进行了初步研究。通过实验优化选择了适宜该衍生物表达的培养基、ＩＰＴＧ使用浓度、诱导时期以及诱导时间的长短等,并在５０Ｌ发酵罐进行了中试规模的放大培养,菌体的收获量湿重可达１６４３ｇ／Ｌ,ｈＴＮＦＤ表达量占总蛋白的６０％,纯化的衍生物比活为１０１×１０１０Ｕ／ｍｇ,比原型ｈＴＮＦα提高了４６５倍,具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

Identification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) amino acids crucial for binding to the murine p75 TNF receptor and construction of receptor-selective mutants.

The bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is mediated by two TNF receptors (TNF-Rs), more particularly TNF-RI and TNF-RII. Although human TNF (hTNF) and murine TNF (mTNF) are very homologous, hTNF binds only to mTNF-RI. By measuring the binding of a panel of mTNF/hTNF chimeras to both mTNF-R, we pinpointed the TNF region that mediates the interaction with mTNF-RII. Using site-specific mutagenesis, we identified amino acids 71-73 and 89 as the main interacting residues. Mutein hTNF-S71D/T72Y/H73 Delta/T89E interacts with both types of mTNF-R and is active in CT6 cell proliferation assays mediated by mTNF-RII. Mutein mTNF-D71S/Y72T/Delta 73H/E89T binds to mTNF-RI only and is no longer active on CT6 cells. However, the L929s cytotoxicity of this mutein (an effect mediated by mTNF-RI triggering) was also 100-fold lower than that of wild-type mTNF due to enhanced dissociation during incubation at subnanomolar concentrations. The additional mutation of amino acid 102, resulting in the mutein mTNF-D71S/Y72T/Delta 73H/E89T/P102Q, restored the trimer stability, which led to an enhanced specific activity on L929s cells. Hence the specific activity of a TNF species is governed not only by its receptor binding characteristics but also by its trimer stability after incubation at subnanomolar concentrations. In conclusion, the mutation of TNF amino acids 71-73, 89, and 102 is sufficient to obtain a mTNF mutein selective for mTNF-RI and a hTNF mutein that, unlike wild-type hTNF, also acts on mTNF-RII.     

Heterotrimers formed by tumor necrosis factors of different species or muteins

Incubation of murine tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) at subnanomolar concentrations results in partial dissociation of the trimers, coinciding with a decrease in bioactivity. Using size-exclusion chromatography, we observed that the conversion of labeled mTNF to monomers is not only prevented by coincubation with an excess of unlabeled mTNF but also with unlabeled human TNF (hTNF). Moreover, after coincubation of mTNF and hTNF four different TNF complexes were revealed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, viz. homotrimeric mTNF and hTNF, as well as two complexes with an intermediate migration pattern. Analytical gel filtration in combination with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot immunodetection indicated that these new complexes consisted of heterotrimeric TNF molecules. We conclude that an exchange of monomers takes place during coincubation of two different species of TNF, which results in homotrimeric and heterotrimeric TNF. To assess receptor interaction in vitro, TNF heterotrimeric molecules were used as obtained after incubation of mTNF with labeled hTNF (which only binds to mTNF receptor I) or with labeled mutein mTNF75 (specific for mTNF receptor II). These heterotrimers were retained by both mTNF receptors, which means that the mTNF subunits incorporated in heterotrimeric complexes still can bind to both types of TNF receptor. In addition, the gradual decrease in mTNF bioactivity during preincubation at subnanomolar concentrations was prevented by the presence of mutein mTNF75, which is inactive in an L929 cytotoxicity assay, indicating that heterotrimerization can influence the overall bioactivity.     

Species specificity of human and murine tumor necrosis factor. A comparative study of tumor necrosis factor receptors

Recombinant murine and human tumor necrosis factor (mTNF and hTNF, respectively) were radioiodinated to high specific activity using a solid-phase lactoperoxidase method. A single class of high affinity receptors for 125I-TNF was identified on TNF-sensitive murine L cells and human HeLa S2 cells. Competitive radioligand binding assays were used to study the species specificity of TNF preparations. Unlabeled hTNF competed 30-fold less effectively than mTNF for binding to L cell receptors, whereas mTNF competed to approximately the same extent as hTNF for binding to HeLa cell receptors. A similar species specificity was observed in cytotoxicity assays; hTNF was more cytotoxic for HeLa cells than mTNF. Conversely, mTNF was more growth inhibitory and cytotoxic for L cells than hTNF. mTNF. and hTNF.receptor complexes were compared by gel filtration chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after cross-linking with bis[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl]sulfone (BSOCOES). These complexes eluted in gel filtration at a position corresponding to a globular protein of 350,000 Mr. Gel autoradiographs of the fractions containing cross-linked complexes showed bands of 95,000 and 75,000 Mr as well as small amounts of higher Mr bands. mTNF and hTNF treated with BSOCOES formed cross-linked dimers and trimers. Therefore, we were unable to determine whether the 95,000 and 75,000 Mr bands represented two distinct subunits of receptors or one subunit to which either a dimer or a monomer of TNF was cross-linked. These results demonstrate species specificity in the TNF-receptor interaction. In addition, the affinity labeling studies in two species give an identical pattern for the TNF X receptor complexes, suggesting that the receptors have similar subunit composition.     

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is an endogenous inhibitor of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) isoform A in the thick ascending limb

The effects of TNF gene deletion on renal Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC2) expression and activity were determined. Outer medulla from TNF(-/-) mice exhibited a twofold increase in total NKCC2 protein expression compared with wild-type (WT) mice. This increase was not observed in TNF(-/-) mice treated with recombinant human TNF (hTNF) for 7 days. Administration of hTNF had no effect on total NKCC2 expression in WT mice. A fourfold increase in NKCC2A mRNA accumulation was observed in outer medulla from TNF(-/-) compared with WT mice; NKCC2F and NKCC2B mRNA accumulation was similar between genotypes. The increase in NKCC2A mRNA accumulation was attenuated when TNF(-/-) mice were treated with hTNF. Bumetanide-sensitive O(2) consumption, an in vitro correlate of NKCC2 activity, was 2.8 ± 0.2 nmol·min(-1)·mg(-1) in medullary thick ascending limb tubules from WT, representing ～40% of total O(2) consumption, whereas, in medullary thick ascending limb tubules from TNF(-/-) mice, it was 5.6 ± 0.3 nmol·min(-1)·mg(-1), representing ～60% of total O(2) consumption. Administration of hTNF to TNF(-/-) mice restored the bumetanide-sensitive component to ～30% of total O(2) consumption. Ambient urine osmolality was higher in TNF(-/-) compared with WT mice (2,072 ± 104 vs. 1,696 ± 153 mosmol/kgH(2)O, P < 0.05). The diluting ability of the kidney, assessed by measuring urine osmolality before and after 1 h of water loading also was greater in TNF(-/-) compared with WT mice (174 ± 38 and 465 ± 81 mosmol/kgH(2)O, respectively, P < 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that TNF plays a role as an endogenous inhibitor of NKCC2 expression and function.     

抗人肿瘤坏死因子-α单链抗体与其配体的相互作用

为了在大肠杆菌中表达纯化抗人 TNF- α单链抗体并检测其结合活性与中和活性 .利用GST融合蛋白系统在大肠杆菌中表达抗人 TNF- α单链抗体 E6Sc Fv;分离包含体后进行变性和复性 ,再用亲和层析法进行纯化 ;用 ELISA法和酵母双杂交系统检测 E6Sc Fv与配体的结合 ;用 L92 9细胞检测 E6Sc Fv对人 TNF- α细胞毒作用的中和活性 .经变性 ,复性与亲和层析 ,E6Sc Fv被纯化 ,在 SDS- PAGE上为单一蛋白带 ;体外结合与中和实验表明 ,表达纯化的 E6Sc Fv可与人 TNF-α结合并中和其细胞毒活性 ;进一步用酵母双杂交系统证明当表达于细胞内时 ,E6Sc Fv仍保持了与TNF-α相结合的能力 .     

The p70 tumor necrosis factor receptor mediates cytotoxicity.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) selectively kills tumor cells, but this specificity is not clearly understood. Two distinctly different cell surface receptors (TNFRs), proteins of 55 kd (p55) and 70-80 kd (p70), mediate TNF action. Mouse TA1 cells are not killed by human (h) TNF, but are killed by mouse (m) TNF alone. Since the mouse p70 TNFR is recognized only by mTNF, these results implicate p70 receptor action in TA1 cell killing. Human HeLa cells have mainly the p55 receptor and are not killed by hTNF alone. When transfected with the human p70 TNFR, HeLa p70 die within 24 hr. HeLa p70 cells also show reduced c-fos and manganous superoxide dismutase induction by TNF. NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts are sensitive to only mTNF, but overexpression of the human p70 receptor causes cell death by hTNF and increased sensitivity to mTNF. These results provide a direct function for the p70 TNFR in TNF-induced cytotoxicity.     

An extensive phenotypic characterization of the hTNFα transgenic mice

Background

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is implicated in a wide variety of pathological and physiological processes, including chronic inflammatory conditions, coronary artery disease, diabetes, obesity, and cachexia. Transgenic mice expressing human TNFα (hTNFα) have previously been described as a model for progressive rheumatoid arthritis. In this report, we describe extensive characterization of an hTNFα transgenic mouse line.

Results

In addition to arthritis, these hTNFα transgenic mice demonstrated major alterations in body composition, metabolic rate, leptin levels, response to a high-fat diet, bone mineral density and content, impaired fertility and male sexual function. Many phenotypes displayed an earlier onset and a higher degree of severity in males, pointing towards a significant degree of sexual dimorphism in response to deregulated expression of TNFα.

Conclusion

These results highlight the potential usefulness of this transgenic model as a resource for studying the progressive effects of constitutively expressed low levels of circulating TNFα, a condition mimicking that observed in a number of human pathological conditions.     

Synthesis and maturation of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in eukaryotic systems

The biosynthesis of human tumor necrosis factor (hTNF) was studied. The amino-terminal extension of the hTNF precursor (26 kDa polypeptide) was not cleaved off in a cell-free system supplemented with dog pancreas microsomes. Correct maturation of pre-hTNF was nevertheless not restricted to the macrophage system: in the medium of a TNF-producing, transformed CHO cell line, a (weak) approximately 20 kDa, an approximately 18.5 kDa (doublet) and a 17 kDa TNF polypeptide, the latter corresponding to mature hTNF, were revealed by specific immunoprecipitation. Similar results were obtained with Xenopus laevis oocytes, injected with hTNF mRNA, except that the 20 kDa band was lacking. The results are discussed in relation to the secretion mechanism of hTNF.