灿稻品种浙辐802抗瘟性遗传研究

通过与８个日本鉴别品种杂交和利用日本代表菌系研５４－０４及我国南方稻区菌系９５－ｔ２接种鉴定,研究了灿稻品种浙辐８０２的抗性遗传。研究结果表明,该品种对菌系研５４－０４的抗性由２对显性基因控制,对菌系９５－ｔ２的抗性由１对显性基因控制。基因等位性分析确认,浙辐８０２中抵抗９５－ｔ２的抗病基因与Ｐｉ－ｉ基因等位,与Ｐｉ－ａ、Ｐｉ－ｓｈ、Ｐｉ－ｋ、Ｐｉ－ｚ、Ｐｉ－ｂ、Ｐｉ－ｔ、Ｐｉ－ｔａ等已知基因位点     

籼稻品种窄叶青8号抗稻瘟病基因分析

籼稻品种窄叶青８号是我国北方稻区水稻育种上重要的稻瘟病抗源之一。本文利用我国北方稻区的代表菌系中１０－８－１４和日本的代表菌系研５４－０４,对窄叶青８号与感病品种京系１７号和丽江新团黑谷的杂交Ｆ１Ｆ２、ＤＨ和Ｂ１Ｆ１群体进行抗病性鉴定,根据抗病性的分离,确认窄叶青８号的抗性由１对显性主效基因,即朱立煌等报道的Ｐｉ－ｚｈ基因控制。利用系研５４－０４接种窄叶青８号与９个具有已知抗病基因的鉴别品种杂交的Ｆ２群体,各群体都表现二基因的独立遗传,证明Ｐｉ－ｚｈ基因与Ｐｉ－ｉ、Ｐｉ－ｋｍ、Ｐｉ－ｚ、Ｐｉ－ｔａ、Ｐｉ－ｔａｚ、Ｐｉ－ｚｔ、Ｐｉ－ｋｐ、Ｐｉ－ｂ和Ｐｉ－ｔ等９个已知抗病基因间存在非等位关系,是新的抗稻瘟病基因。     

太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳对稻瘟病抗性的遗传分析

太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳对稻瘟病菌表现抗谱广,抗性强的特点,利用黑壳子粳与感病的云南稻地方品种丽江新团黑谷杂交获得的F1、F2和RIL群体,在苗期喷雾接种研54-04和北1两个日本稻瘟病鉴别菌系,根据抗感反应分析亲本的抗病基因组成,结果表明,黑壳子粳对菌系北1的抗性由一对显性基因控制,对菌系研54-04的抗性由两对互为独立遗传的显性基因控制,等位性测定结果和重组自交系的抗感反应表明：黑壳子粳对菌系北1的抗病基因兼抗菌系研54-04,该抗病基因与Pi-k,Pi-z,Pi-ta,Pi-b,Pi-t等5个已知抗病基因座呈非等位关系。也不是Pi-i和Pi-a基因,推断是一个未知的新基因;另一个抗病基因抗菌系研54-04,感菌系北1。     

4个太湖流域粳稻地方品种抗稻瘟病性的遗传分析

以太湖流域粳稻地方品种薄稻、铁杆青、江南晚和缺儿糯等广谱、高抗稻瘟病为材料, 与高感稻瘟病品种苏御糯杂交, 获得杂交F1、F2 , 分别接种日本稻瘟病鉴别菌系北1和中国稻瘟病菌生理小种ZE3、ZG1, 根据P1、P2、F1和F2等不同世代植株的抗、感反应, 分析地方品种对不同稻瘟病菌生理小种(菌系)的抗性遗传机理。结果表明: 薄稻、铁杆青及缺儿糯对北1菌系的抗性均可能由一对显性基因控制, 江南晚对北1的抗性则可能由两对抑制基因互作控制; 铁杆青及缺儿糯对ZE3小种的抗性均可能由一对显性基因控制, 薄稻和江南晚对ZE3小种的抗性可能分别由两对显性基因和两对抑制基因互作控制; 铁杆青对ZG1小种的抗性可能是由一对显性主基因控制, 薄稻和江南晚对ZG1小种的抗性则可能由两对抑制基因互作控制。进一步将薄稻与12个日本稻瘟病菌鉴别品种杂交,用北1菌系接种不同组合的F1和F2 , 进行抗病基因的等位性测定。结果表明, 薄稻对北1菌系的抗性基因与12个鉴别品种所携带的已知抗稻瘟病基因是不等位, 将该基因暂定为Pi-bd1(t)。     

稻瘟病分子生物学研究进展

稻瘟病分子生物学发展迅速,已分子标记定位的稻瘟病主效抗性基因１５个,微效抗性基因３个;水稻抗稻瘟病基因Ｐｉ－ｔａ和Ｐｉ－ｂ已成功克隆。稻瘟病菌系谱与致病型关系可分为简单与复杂两种类型。本文对水稻抗稻瘟病基因的定位和克隆,稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构,致病性遗传、基因组分析、无毒基因克隆、准性生殖等研究进展进行了评述。     

水稻半矮秆基因sd-t的染色体定位研究

以籼型标志基因系和ＩＲ３６三体为工具材料,通过杂交研究了籼稻矮秆材料矮泰引－２所携半矮秆基因Ｓｄ－ｔ在染色体上的位置。结果表明,半矮秆基因Ｓｄ－ｔ与标志基因系０１９所携紫果皮基因Ｐｒｐ－ｂ、标志基因系Ｂ３０所携无叶舌基因１ｇ、标志基因系０２７所携灰白壳基因Ｗｈ表现连锁,ｓｄ－ｔ与Ｐｒｐ－ｂ之间的交换值为２．８５％±０．５２％,ｓｄ－ｔ与ｌｇ之间的交换值为２７．９０％±３．８１％,ｓｄ－ｔ与Ｗｈ之间的交换值为３８．６２％±２．９９％。由于Ｐｒｐ－ｂ、ｌｇ、Ｗｈ基因均位于第４染色体上,因而推定ｓｄ－ｔ基因位于第４染色体上,其排列位置可能是Ｐｒｐ－ｂ－ｓｄ－ｔ－ｌｇ－Ｗｈ。     

水稻细菌性条斑病和白叶枯病抗性遗传研究

分析了Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ,Ｄｕｌａｒ和９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４三个抗源品种对水稻细菌性条斑病Ｓ－１０３菌株和白叶枯病Ｐ１菌系的抗性遗传。结果表明,Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ和Ｄｕｌａｒ对Ｓ－１０３的抗性均由２对隐性基因所控制,９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４则带有１对隐性抗性基因。经等位性测定表明,Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ和Ｄｕｌａｒ的２对基因中至少有１对是等位的,但它们与９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４的１对基因均不等位。３个抗源品种对Ｐ１的抗性都受１对隐性基因控制,该基因与ｘａ－５等位。连锁遗传分析表明,Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ和Ｄｕｌａｒ对Ｓ－１０３的２对抗细条病基因中的１对与ｘａ－５相连锁,而９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４的１对抗性基因与ｘａ－５呈独立遗传。本文还就开展水稻抗细菌性条斑病育种进行了讨论。     

水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗源筛选及其抗性遗传分析

通过抗性鉴定,筛选出6个抗白背飞虱的国内品种:鬼衣谷、大花谷、大齐谷、便谷、滇瑞336.3和HA 79317-7(前4个品种均系云南地方品种)。遗传分析证明,这6个品种对白背飞虱的抗性均受单显性基因控制。HA 79317-7的抗性基因与Wbph1等位,滇瑞336-3的抗性基因与Wbph2等位。鬼衣谷、大齐谷、大花谷和便谷的抗性基因均与Wbph1、Wbph2非等位。它们与Wbph3、Wbph5的等位关系还有待进一步研究。     

籼粳交新种质康丰A对稻瘟病抗性的遗传

康丰A是利用带有广亲和基因的籼粳亚种间杂交育成恢复系97gk419与恢复系明恢70杂交(恢复系×恢复系),所形成的胞质正常、雄性可育,而无恢复性的特殊变异新种质,再与野败胞质不育系连续回交转育成的具有特殊核遗传背景的新型水稻三系不育系。本研究通过接种不同地区的53个稻瘟病菌系,发现康丰A对华南稻区尤其是福建稻区的稻瘟病菌系具有广谱抗性。以康丰A(同型保持系康丰B)与普感品种丽江新团黑谷(LTH)杂交,获得杂交F1和F2,分别接种稻瘟病菌系81278、Guy11、FJ2009-66和98013A。接种鉴定和遗传分析表明,康丰A对4个菌系的抗性均由1对显性抗病基因控制。等位性测定表明,康丰A抗菌系81278的基因与已知抗病基因Pi-1、Pi-2、Pi-ta和Pi-3呈非等位关系,与Pi-ta(Pi-?)呈现连锁遗传,暂命名为Pi-kf1(t)。     

体细胞突变体HX-3抗水稻白叶枯病基因的鉴定

以感病杂交稻恢复系明恢63的成熟胚为外植体,利用离体筛选技术获得了抗水稻白叶枯病细胞突变体HX-3。连续8年以我国长江流域白叶枯病代表菌析浙173（IV型）对HX-3的R1到R9代进行抗性鉴定,HX-3的抗病性可以稳定遗传。抗性遗传分析表明HX-3的抗性由1对显性核基因控制。1999～2000年连续两年利用我国、菲律宾和日本的32个水稻白叶枯病菌株,测定HX-3及IRBB1等13个具不同显性抗病基因的近等基因系抗性,HX-3抗谱广,且与已知显性抗病基因的抗谱不同。在此基础上,以抗白叶枯病近等基因系IRBB4、IRBB7、CBB12和IRBB21和HX-3杂交,进行等位性分析,4个杂交组合的F2代均出现抗、感分离,说明HX-3与这4个基因不等位。综合以上研究结果,HX-3具有1个新的抗白叶枯病基因,暂命名为Xa-25(t）。     

籼稻品种地谷抗稻瘟病基因的遗传

籼稻地谷是我国杂效裟育种上重要的稻瘟病抗源之一。利用我国稻区的稻瘟病菌系ＺＢ１３和ＺＢ１５对地谷与感病品种江南香糯的杂效Ｆ１、Ｆ２和Ｂ１Ｆ１群体,以及地谷与感病品种丽江新团黑谷、冈４６Ｂ和８９８７的Ｆ２群体进行接种鉴定,根据抗病性的分离确认地谷对ＺＢ１３和ＺＢ１５的抗性受显性基因控制。利用菌系ＺＢ１３接种地谷和１０个具有已知抗病基因的鉴别品种及其杂交Ｆ１和Ｆ２群体,进一步证明了地谷的抗温性受１对显     

二个粳稻品种抗稻瘟病遗传特性的分析

本文用累积分布曲线法对东农 363及农东415两个粳稻品种进行了抗稻瘟遗传分析,结果表明东农363对Hokul菌株的抗性是由一对显性抗性基因控制的,东农415对Ken53-33菌株的抗性是由两对互补的显性基因控制的;对Ina72菌株的抗性是由两对显性基因控制的,其中一对控制高抗反应,另一对控制中抗反应。两个杂交组合的正反交分析结果表明,水稻对稻瘟病菌的抗性遗传是由细胞核控制的,细胞质在抗瘟遗传中的作用在本试验的测试品种中并没有表现出来。 Abstract:By means of cumulative distribution curve methods,two Japonica varieties Dongnong 363 and Dongnong 415 were analysed for the inheritance of blast resistance.The results showed that the resistance of Dongnong 363 variety to Hokul blast strain was controlled by one dominant gene.The resistance of Dongnong 415 to Ken53-33 strain was controlled by two complementary dominant genes,to Ina72 strain was controlled by two dominant genes,one dominated over the high-resistant and the other over the middle-resistant.Genetic analysis of F3 plants of two reciprocal crosses showed that the resistance to the rice blast disease was controlled by nuclear gene,no cytoplasmic effect was found in the tested varieties.     

水稻品种矮梅早3号抗稻瘟病的遗传

水稻杂交组合(矮梅早3号×华矮837)的F_3株系接种菌株78-189(ZD_3)和83-182(ZD_1),应用累积分布曲线法进行了抗稻瘟遗传分析,结果表明:水稻品种矮梅早3号含有4个主效抗性基因P_i-A_1、P_i-A_2、P_i-A_3和P_i-A_4,其中P_i-a_4为隐性基因。P_i-A_1和P_i-A_2控制对菌株78-189(ZD_3)的高抗性,同时,P_i-A_2兼控M类型对菌株78-189(ZD_3)的抗性。P_i-A_3,控制对菌株83-182(ZD_1)的抗性。P_i-A_4控制M类型对菌株83-182(ZD_1)的抗性。水稻品种华矮837对以上两菌株不存在抗性基因。     

番茄抗青枯病基因的AFLP分子标记

用番茄高抗青枯病品种“T51A”与高感青枯病品种“T9230”配制杂交组合,接种鉴定其正反交Ｆ₁代及Ｆ₂代分离群体的青枯病发生情况。结果表明,T51A对青枯病的抗性属于细胞质遗传,受1对杂合基因加性控制。用64个EcoRＩ/ＭseＩ引物组合对“T51A”、“T9230”两个亲本及其Ｆ₂代抗病和感病基因池进行AFLP分析,共扩增出约4200条可分辨的带,其中2条为稳定的差异。用“T51A”和“T9230”杂交产生的Ｆ₂代分离群体对2个特异条带与目的基因的遗传连锁性进行分析,发现特异条带AAG/CAT与暂定名为RRS-342的抗青枯病基因紧密连锁,二者之间的遗传距离为6.7 cM。将AAG/CAT片段回收、克隆和测序,成功地将其转化为SCAR标记,可以更加方便地用于对番茄青枯病基因的标记辅助选择。      

Genetics of resistance to phosphine in Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

The inheritance of resistance to phosphine was studied in two strains of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), labeled 'Weak-R' and 'Strong-R'. These strains were purified versions of field-selected populations collected in Queensland, Australia. Weak-R and Strong-R were, respectively, 23.4 times (20-h exposure) and 600 times (48-h exposure) resistant to phosphine compared with a reference susceptible strain (S-strain). Each -R strain was crossed with the S-strain and the response to phosphine was measured in their respective F1, F2, and F1-backcross (F1-BC) progenies. Data from testing of reciprocal F1 progeny indicated that resistance in Weak-R was autosomal and incompletely recessive with a degree of dominance -0.96. Modified chi-square analysis and contingency analysis of the observed response to phosphine of F1-BC and F2 progenies rejected the hypothesis of single gene inheritance of resistance. Analysis of the response of the F1, F2, and F1-BC progeny from the Strong-R x S-strain cross also rejected the null hypothesis for single gene resistance. Resistance in the Strong-R strain was autosomal and incompletely recessive with a degree of dominance of -0.64. The Weak-R and Strong-R strains were then crossed. Analysis ofthe F1 and F2 progenies of this reciprocal cross revealed that the strong resistance phenotype was coded by a combination of the genes already present in the Weak-R genotype plus an extra major, incompletely recessive gene. There was also evidence of a minor dominant gene present in approximately 5% of Strong-R individuals.     

Genetics of resistance to two strains of soybean mosaic virus in differential soybean genotypes

There are seven pathotypes of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) representing seven strain groups (G1-G7) in the United States. Soybean genotypes [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may exhibit resistant (R), susceptible (S), or necrotic (N) reactions upon interacting with different SMV strains. This research was conducted to investigate whether reactions to two SMV strains are controlled by the same gene or by separate genes. Two SMV-resistant soybean lines, LR1 and LR2, were crossed with the susceptible cultivar Lee 68. LR1 contains a resistance gene Rsv1-s and is resistant to strains G1-G4 and G7. LR2 contains the Rsv4 gene and is resistant to strains G1-G7. Two hundred F(2:3) lines from LR1 x Lee 68 and 262 F(2:3) lines from LR2 x Lee 68 were screened for SMV reaction. Seeds from each F2 plant were randomly divided into two subsamples. A minimum of 20 seeds from each subsample were planted in the greenhouse and plants were inoculated with either G1 or G7. G1 is the least virulent, whereas G7 is the most virulent strain of SMV. The results showed that all the F(2:3) lines from both crosses exhibited the same reaction to G1 and G7. No recombinants were found in all the progenies for reactions to G1 and G7 in either cross. The results indicate that reactions to both G1 and G7 are controlled by either the same gene or very closely linked genes. This research finding is valuable for studying the resistance mechanism and interactions of soybean genotypes and SMV strains and for breeding SMV resistance to multiple strains.     

Complementary action of two independent dominant genes in Columbia soybean for resistance to Soybean mosaic virus

A stem-tip necrosis disease was observed in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar Columbia and its derivative OX686 when infected with a necrosis-causing strain of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in Canada. A dominant gene named Rsv3 was found in OX686 for the necrotic reaction. In the present research we have found that Columbia is resistant to all known SMV strains G1-G7, except G4. Genetic studies were conducted to investigate the inheritance of resistance in Columbia and interactions of resistance gene(s) with SMV strains. Columbia was crossed with a susceptible cultivar, Lee 68, and with resistant lines PI96983, Ogden, and LR1, each possessing a resistance gene at the Rsv1 locus. F(1) individuals, F(2) populations, and F(2:3) lines from these crosses were inoculated with G7 or G1 in the greenhouse. Our inheritance data confirmed the presence of two independent dominant genes for SMV resistance in Columbia. Results from allelism tests further demonstrate that the two genes (referred to as R3 and R4 in this article) in Columbia were independent of the Rsv1 locus. R3 appears to be the same gene previously reported as Rsv3 in OX686, which was derived from Columbia. The R3 gene confers resistance to G7, but necrosis to G1. The other gene, R4, conditions resistance to G1 and G7 at the early seedling stage and then a delayed mild mosaic reaction (late susceptible) 3 weeks later. Plants carrying both the R3 and R4 genes were completely resistant to both G1 and G7, indicating that the two genes interact in a complementary fashion. Plants heterozygous for R3 or R4 exhibited systemic necrosis or late susceptibility, suggesting that the resistance is allele dosage dependent. The R4 gene appeared epistatic to R3 since it masked expression of necrosis associated with the response of R3. The complementary interaction of two resistance genes, as exhibited in Columbia, can be useful in development of soybean cultivars with multiple and durable resistance to SMV.     

小粒野生稻导入系对稻飞虱的抗性鉴定与分析

稻飞虱是水稻生产最严重的害虫之一。野生稻拥有丰富的抗虫基因资源,导入系是鉴定和利用野生稻有利基因的有效途径。本研究通过对371份小粒野生稻导入系进行抗褐飞虱和白背飞虱接虫鉴定,分别筛选出了11份抗、72份中抗褐飞虱的材料和7份抗、45份中抗白背飞虱的材料,其中有5份材料兼抗褐飞虱和白背飞虱,这是从小粒野生稻中鉴定出抗白背飞虱材料的首次报道。通过对2份抗性导入系材料与感虫亲本杂交构建的F1和F2群体的抗虫鉴定和分析表明:K41对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性受2对显性抗虫基因通过互补作用所控制;P114对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性都是由1对主效的隐性基因控制。这些结果必将有利于小粒野生稻抗稻飞虱的基因定位和育种利用。     

Inheritance and allelism tests of Raiden soybean for resistance to soybean mosaic virus

The gene symbol Rsv2 was previously assigned to the gene in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line OX670 for resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV). The Rsv2 gene was reported to be derived from the Raiden soybean (PI 360844) and to be independent of Rsv1. Accumulated data from our genetic experiments were in disagreement with this conclusion. In this study, Raiden and L88-8431, a Williams BC5 isoline with SMV resistance derived from Raiden, were crossed with two SMV-susceptible cultivars to investigate the mode of inheritance of SMV resistance in Raiden. They were also crossed with five resistant cultivars to examine the allelomorphic relationships of the Raiden gene with other reported genes at the Rsv1 locus. F1 plants, F2 populations, and F2-derived F3 (F2:3) lines were tested with SMV strains G1 or G7 in the greenhouse or in the field. The individual plant reactions were classified as resistant (R, symptomless), necrotic (N, systemic necrosis), or susceptible (S, mosaic). The F2 populations from R x S crosses segregated in a ratio of 3 (R + N):1 S and the F2:3 lines from Lee 68 (S) x Raiden (R) exhibited a segregation pattern of 1 (all R):2 segregating:1 (all S). The F2 populations and F2:3 progenies from all R x R crosses did not show any segregation for susceptibility. These results demonstrate that the resistance to SMV in Raiden and L88-8431 is controlled by a single dominant gene and the gene is allelic to Rsv1. The heterozygous plants from R x S and R x N crosses exhibited systemic necrosis when inoculated with SMV G7, indicating a partial dominance nature of the resistance gene. Raiden and L88-8431 are both resistant to SMV G1-G4 and G7, but necrotic to G5, G6, and G7A. Since the resistance gene in Raiden is clearly an allele at the Rsv1 locus and it exhibits a unique reaction to the SMV strain groups, assignment of a new gene symbol, Rsv1-r, to replace Rsv2 would seem appropriate. Further research is ongoing to investigate the possible existence of the Rsv2 locus in OX670 and its relatives.     

Shared genetic basis of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1ac in independent strains of pink bollworm

Classical and molecular genetic analyses show that two independently derived resistant strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), share a genetic locus at which three mutant alleles confer resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac. One laboratory-selected resistant strain (AZP-R) was derived from individuals collected in 1997 from 10 Arizona cotton fields, whereas the other (APHIS-98R) was derived from a long-term susceptible laboratory strain. Both strains were previously reported to show traits of "mode 1" resistance, the most common type of lepidopteran resistance to Cry1A toxins. Inheritance of resistance to a diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac (10 microg per gram of diet) was recessive in both strains. In interstrain complementation tests for allelism, F1 progeny from crosses between the two strains were resistant to the diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac. These results indicate that a major resistance locus is shared by the two strains. Analysis of DNA from the pink bollworm cadherin gene (BtR) using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests showed that the previously identified resistance alleles (r1, r2, and r3) occurred in both strains, but their frequencies differed between strains. In conjunction with previous findings, the results reported here suggest that PCR-based detection of the three known cadherin resistance alleles might be useful for monitoring resistance to Cry1Ac-producing Bt cotton in field populations of pink bollworm.