籼稻品种窄叶青8号抗稻瘟病基因分析

籼稻品种窄叶青８号是我国北方稻区水稻育种上重要的稻瘟病抗源之一。本文利用我国北方稻区的代表菌系中１０－８－１４和日本的代表菌系研５４－０４,对窄叶青８号与感病品种京系１７号和丽江新团黑谷的杂交Ｆ１Ｆ２、ＤＨ和Ｂ１Ｆ１群体进行抗病性鉴定,根据抗病性的分离,确认窄叶青８号的抗性由１对显性主效基因,即朱立煌等报道的Ｐｉ－ｚｈ基因控制。利用系研５４－０４接种窄叶青８号与９个具有已知抗病基因的鉴别品种杂交的Ｆ２群体,各群体都表现二基因的独立遗传,证明Ｐｉ－ｚｈ基因与Ｐｉ－ｉ、Ｐｉ－ｋｍ、Ｐｉ－ｚ、Ｐｉ－ｔａ、Ｐｉ－ｔａｚ、Ｐｉ－ｚｔ、Ｐｉ－ｋｐ、Ｐｉ－ｂ和Ｐｉ－ｔ等９个已知抗病基因间存在非等位关系,是新的抗稻瘟病基因。     

太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳对稻瘟病抗性的遗传分析

太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳对稻瘟病菌表现抗谱广,抗性强的特点,利用黑壳子粳与感病的云南稻地方品种丽江新团黑谷杂交获得的F1、F2和RIL群体,在苗期喷雾接种研54-04和北1两个日本稻瘟病鉴别菌系,根据抗感反应分析亲本的抗病基因组成,结果表明,黑壳子粳对菌系北1的抗性由一对显性基因控制,对菌系研54-04的抗性由两对互为独立遗传的显性基因控制,等位性测定结果和重组自交系的抗感反应表明：黑壳子粳对菌系北1的抗病基因兼抗菌系研54-04,该抗病基因与Pi-k,Pi-z,Pi-ta,Pi-b,Pi-t等5个已知抗病基因座呈非等位关系。也不是Pi-i和Pi-a基因,推断是一个未知的新基因;另一个抗病基因抗菌系研54-04,感菌系北1。     

一个新的水稻迟熟性基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位

中籼迟熟水稻品系８９８７含未知的长生育期基因,在杂交水稻育种中有重要的利用价值,应用该品系与４个不同生态类型的水稻品种杂交,对其Ｆ１和Ｆ２群体进行生育期调查和遗传分析,确认８９８７的长生育期受１对隐性主效基因控制。以（８９８７Ｘ地谷）Ｆ２群体为基础,应用ＲＦＬＰ和微卫星标记结合群分法,发现第７染色体的ＲＦＬＰ标记Ｃ２１３与该基因连锁;进一步应用Ｆ２分离群体将该基因定位于第７染色体上,暂定名为ｌｆ－３。此基因的发现和定位将有助于分子标记辅助选择和杂交水稻的改良。     

利用回交B1和B2及F2群体鉴定数量性状两对主基因+多基因混合遗传模型

ＱＴＬ作图和主基因＋多基因混合遗传分析表明：拓展两对基基因＋多基因混合遗传模型十分必要。本文利用混合分布理论,ＡＩＣ准则在回交Ｂ１和Ｂ２群体或Ｆ２群体中鉴定两对主基因的存在,当主基因存在时估计其遗传参数;同时还改进了利用亲本,Ｆ１和回交Ｂ１和Ｂ２群体,或亲本,Ｆ１和Ｆ２群体鉴定多基因存在的方法,分布参数的估计采用ＩＥＣＭ算法,以水稻株高性状为例说明该方法的应用。     

用PCR技术诊断水稻的白叶枯病抗性

植物育种中应用分子标记辅助选择要求分子标记与目的基因紧密连锁,而且分析手段经济简便、重复性好。Ｘａ２１是最近发现的一个具有广谱抗性的水稻白叶枯病抗性基因,利用一个含Ｘａ２１基因的品系ＩＲＢＢ２１分别与２个感病品种杂交获得２个Ｆ_２群体。用４对引物分别对３个亲本进行ＰＣＲ分析,其中一对引物（ＰＢ７８）的ＰＣＲ产物在抗、感病品种间可揭示多态性。对２个Ｆ_２群体进一步的遗传分析表明,ＰＣＲ标记和Ｘａ２１的白叶枯病抗性紧密连锁,其重组率仅为２．４８％。根据该标记选择基因型纯合的抗性植株,其准确率可达１００％。本文还就植物育种中分子标记的检测途径进行了评价。     

稻瘟病分子生物学研究进展

稻瘟病分子生物学发展迅速,已分子标记定位的稻瘟病主效抗性基因１５个,微效抗性基因３个;水稻抗稻瘟病基因Ｐｉ－ｔａ和Ｐｉ－ｂ已成功克隆。稻瘟病菌系谱与致病型关系可分为简单与复杂两种类型。本文对水稻抗稻瘟病基因的定位和克隆,稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构,致病性遗传、基因组分析、无毒基因克隆、准性生殖等研究进展进行了评述。     

水稻细菌性条斑病和白叶枯病抗性遗传研究

分析了Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ,Ｄｕｌａｒ和９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４三个抗源品种对水稻细菌性条斑病Ｓ－１０３菌株和白叶枯病Ｐ１菌系的抗性遗传。结果表明,Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ和Ｄｕｌａｒ对Ｓ－１０３的抗性均由２对隐性基因所控制,９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４则带有１对隐性抗性基因。经等位性测定表明,Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ和Ｄｕｌａｒ的２对基因中至少有１对是等位的,但它们与９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４的１对基因均不等位。３个抗源品种对Ｐ１的抗性都受１对隐性基因控制,该基因与ｘａ－５等位。连锁遗传分析表明,Ｈａｓｈｉｋａｌｍｉ和Ｄｕｌａｒ对Ｓ－１０３的２对抗细条病基因中的１对与ｘａ－５相连锁,而９０ＩＲＢＢＮ４４的１对抗性基因与ｘａ－５呈独立遗传。本文还就开展水稻抗细菌性条斑病育种进行了讨论。     

水稻雄性不育新质源的研究──新型水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协A与野败型珍汕97A不育性的遗传学比较

采用套袋自交结实率和自然结实率为主,花粉育性和田间目测整株育性为辅的综合性状,判定新型细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ以及它与明恢６３的杂种Ｆ１,Ｆ２和ＢＦ１的植株育性,并以野败型珍汕９７Ａ作对照,比较研究了其有性的遗传规律,结果表明,马协Ａ与珍汕９７Ａ不育性的遗传均由两对基因控制,但新型细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ两对基因的作用方式与珍汕９７Ａ不同,前者Ｆ２群体的育性分离符合９：３：３：１的比例,ＢＦ１符合１：     

中间偃麦草与小麦杂种配子形成途径的细胞学研究

以中间偃麦草与小麦烟农在１５的发杂种子Ｆ１及其５个自交和回交世代（Ｆ２,Ｆ３,ＢＣ１,ＢＣ２,ＢＣ３）为材料,对杂种Ｆ１配子形成途径的细胞学特点进行了研究。结果表明,杂种Ｆ１减数第一分裂基本正常,在减数第二分裂观察到由于当染色体不对称分离产生的无染色质和仅带有微核的子细胞,小孢子染色体数目为２４～３５条,根据ＢＣ１推算的Ｆ１产生的雌配子染色体数目为２０～３５条,Ｆ２根尖细胞和花粉母细胞内染色体数目     

广东地方稻种暹罗占抗稻瘟病基因分析

广谱抗病基因的利用是控制稻瘟病最有效和最经济的方法。来源于华南的地方稻种暹罗占对稻瘟病菌表现出广谱抗性,以普感品种丽江新团黑谷为轮回亲本选育的暹罗占近等基因系NIL-XLZ对测试的44个不同来源稻瘟病菌的抗性频率为84.4%,其抗谱优于广谱抗瘟基因Pi2、Piz,与抗瘟基因Pi9和Pi50相近。为进一步了解暹罗占抗稻瘟病的遗传基础,以感病品种广恢290为母本、暹罗占为父本,构建了广恢290/暹罗占的F2遗传分离群体。选取致病谱较广的稻瘟病菌代表菌株GD08-T19对来源于广恢290/暹罗占的F1与F2个体进行了抗病遗传分析,结果显示F1个体全表现抗病,1760个F2个体的抗感分离比率为4.06∶1,表明暹罗占至少含有一个显性的抗稻瘟病基因。利用分布于Pi2、Pi1、Pita座位附近的44对SSR引物,对构建的抗/感基因池及遗传分离个体进行了分析,将暹罗占含有的一个抗瘟基因定位于水稻第6染色体Pi2/Pi9/Pi50基因家族区域247 kb的范围内。抗菌谱分析、基因特异性分子标记检测及测序分析结果表明:暹罗占含有广谱抗瘟基因Pi50。本研究结果为暹罗占在水稻抗病育种上的应用提供了重要依据。     

A B-lectin receptor kinase gene conferring rice blast resistance

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice worldwide. The dominant resistance gene, Pi-d2 [previously named Pi-d(t)2], present in the rice variety Digu, confers gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain, ZB15. Pi-d2 was previously mapped close to the centromere of chromosome 6. In this study, the Pi-d2 gene was isolated by a map-based cloning strategy. Pi-d2 encodes a receptor-like kinase protein with a predicted extracellular domain of a bulb-type mannose specific binding lectin (B-lectin) and an intracellular serine-threonine kinase domain. Pi-d2 is a single-copy gene that is constitutively expressed in the rice variety Digu. Transgenic plants carrying the Pi-d2 transgene confer race-specific resistance to the M. grisea strain, ZB15. The Pi-d2 protein is plasma membrane localized. A single amino acid difference at position 441 of Pi-d2 distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2. Because of its novel extracellular domain, Pi-d2 represents a new class of plant resistance genes.     

Identification of Two Blast Resistance Genes in a Rice Variety, Digu

Blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea is one of most serious diseases of rice worldwide. A Chinese local rice variety, Digu, with durable blast resistance, is one of the important resources for rice breeding for resistance to blast (M. grisea) in China. The objectives of the current study were to assess the identity of the resistance genes in Digu and to determine the chromosomal location by molecular marker tagging. Two susceptible varieties to blast, Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN), a number of different varieties, each containing one blast resistance gene, Pik^s, Pia, Pik, Pi‐b, Pi‐k^p, Pi‐ta², Pi‐ta, Pi‐z, Pi‐i, Pi‐k^m, Pi‐z^t, Pi‐t and Pi‐11, and the progeny populations from the crosses between Digu and each of these varieties were analysed with Chinese blast isolates. We found that the resistance of Digu to each of the two Chinese blast isolates, ZB13 and ZB15, were controlled by two single dominant genes, separately. The two genes are different from the known blast resistance genes and, therefore, designated as Pi‐d(t)1 and Pi‐d(t)2. By using bulked segregation method and molecular marker analysis in corresponding F₂ populations, Pi‐d(t)1 was located on chromosome 2 with a distance of 1.2 and 10.6 cM to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers G1314A and G45, respectively. And Pi‐d(t)2 was located on chromosome 6 with a distance of 3.2 and 3.4 cM to simple sequence repeat markers RM527 and RM3, respectively. We also developed a novel strategy of resistance gene analogue (RGA) assay with uneven polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to further tag the two genes and successfully identified two RGA markers, SPO01 and SPO03, which were co‐segregated toPi‐d(t)1 and Pi‐d(t)2, respectively, in their corresponding F₂ populations. These results provide essential information for further utilization of the Digu's blast resistance genes in rice disease resistance breeding and positional cloning of these genes.     

二个粳稻品种抗稻瘟病遗传特性的分析

本文用累积分布曲线法对东农 363及农东415两个粳稻品种进行了抗稻瘟遗传分析,结果表明东农363对Hokul菌株的抗性是由一对显性抗性基因控制的,东农415对Ken53-33菌株的抗性是由两对互补的显性基因控制的;对Ina72菌株的抗性是由两对显性基因控制的,其中一对控制高抗反应,另一对控制中抗反应。两个杂交组合的正反交分析结果表明,水稻对稻瘟病菌的抗性遗传是由细胞核控制的,细胞质在抗瘟遗传中的作用在本试验的测试品种中并没有表现出来。 Abstract:By means of cumulative distribution curve methods,two Japonica varieties Dongnong 363 and Dongnong 415 were analysed for the inheritance of blast resistance.The results showed that the resistance of Dongnong 363 variety to Hokul blast strain was controlled by one dominant gene.The resistance of Dongnong 415 to Ken53-33 strain was controlled by two complementary dominant genes,to Ina72 strain was controlled by two dominant genes,one dominated over the high-resistant and the other over the middle-resistant.Genetic analysis of F3 plants of two reciprocal crosses showed that the resistance to the rice blast disease was controlled by nuclear gene,no cytoplasmic effect was found in the tested varieties.     

抗稻瘟病体细胞突变体的抗性遗传分析

以ZA_(15)和ZB_(11)等2个致病小种对6个抗稻瘟病体细胞突变体进行了抗性遗传分析。结果表明,86-S1、88-86、88-42和88-40等4个突变体对ZA_15、ZB_(11)小种的抗性分别由1个显性基因控制,同时这2个抗性基因还存在紧密的连锁关系。88-127和88-145对ZA_15的抗病性受2个重复显性基因控制;而对ZB_(11)的抗性则分别受2个互补显性基因和1个显性基因控制。等位性测定表明,86-S1、88-42和8B-86等3个突变体具有的抗性基因是等位的,可能是Pi-(?)或与之等位的抗性基因。     

籼稻品种浙辐802抗瘟性遗传研究

通过与８个日本鉴别品种杂交和利用日本代表菌系研５４－０４及我国南方稻区菌系９５-ｈ接种鉴定,研究了籼稻品种浙辐８０２的抗性遗传。研究结果表明,该品种对菌系研５４-０４的抗性由 ２对显性基因控制,对菌系 ９５-ｔ２的抗性由 １对显性基因控制。基因等位性分析确认,浙辐８０２中抵抗９５－ｔ２的抗病基因与Ｐｉ－ｉ基因等位,与Ｐｉ－ａ、Ｐｉ－ｓｈ、Ｐｉ－ｋ、Ｐｉ－ｚ、Ｐｉ－ｂ、Ｐｉ－ｔ、Ｐｉ－ｔａ等已知基因位点为非等位关系;抵抗菌系研５４－０４,感染菌系９５-ｔ２的基因与Ｐｉ－ｉ、Ｐｉ－ｋ、Ｐｉ－ｂ、 Ｐｉ－ｔ ４个已知基因位点为非等位关系。对这个基因与其他已知基因的等位性进行了分析,认为它可能是１个未被命名的新基因。     

水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi-d（t）^1、Pi-b、Pi-tα^2的聚合及分子标记选择

冈46B(G46B)是水稻生产应用中的一个农艺性状十分优良的保持系,其主要的缺陷是稻瘟病抗性较弱,通过对地谷,BL-1,Pi-4号等三个分别含抗病基因Pi-d(t)^1、Pi-b、Pi-tα^2的稻瘟病抗性材料与G46B聚合杂交,并利用抗病基因连锁的分子标记对杂交后代进行辅助选择,在聚合杂交的F2代及B1C1代群体中共获得了15株含Pi-d(t)^1、Pi-b、Pi-tα^2等三个抗稻瘟病基因的材料,其可能的基因型分别为：三基因杂合体Pi-d(t)^1pi-d(t)^1,Pi-bpi-b／Pi-tα^2 pi-tα^2 4株,双基因杂合体10株,其中Pi-d(t)^1Pi-d(t)^1／Pi-bpi-b／Pi-tα^2pi-tα^2 6株,Pi-d(t)^1pi-d(t)^1／Pi-bpi-b／Pi-tα^2Pi-tα^2 3株,Pi-d(t)^1pi-d(t)^1,Pi-bPi-6,Pi-tα^2 pi-tα^2 1株,双基因纯合体Pi-d(t)^1Pi-d(t)^1/Pi-bpi-b/Pi-tα^2Pi-tα^2仅1株,这一研究结果为进一步改良G46B的稻瘟病抗性奠定了基础,同时这一研究结果表明利用分子标记可快速、有效地实现多个抗病基因的聚合,大大提高水稻抗病育种的效率。     

4个太湖流域粳稻地方品种抗稻瘟病性的遗传分析

以太湖流域粳稻地方品种薄稻、铁杆青、江南晚和缺儿糯等广谱、高抗稻瘟病为材料, 与高感稻瘟病品种苏御糯杂交, 获得杂交F1、F2 , 分别接种日本稻瘟病鉴别菌系北1和中国稻瘟病菌生理小种ZE3、ZG1, 根据P1、P2、F1和F2等不同世代植株的抗、感反应, 分析地方品种对不同稻瘟病菌生理小种(菌系)的抗性遗传机理。结果表明: 薄稻、铁杆青及缺儿糯对北1菌系的抗性均可能由一对显性基因控制, 江南晚对北1的抗性则可能由两对抑制基因互作控制; 铁杆青及缺儿糯对ZE3小种的抗性均可能由一对显性基因控制, 薄稻和江南晚对ZE3小种的抗性可能分别由两对显性基因和两对抑制基因互作控制; 铁杆青对ZG1小种的抗性可能是由一对显性主基因控制, 薄稻和江南晚对ZG1小种的抗性则可能由两对抑制基因互作控制。进一步将薄稻与12个日本稻瘟病菌鉴别品种杂交,用北1菌系接种不同组合的F1和F2 , 进行抗病基因的等位性测定。结果表明, 薄稻对北1菌系的抗性基因与12个鉴别品种所携带的已知抗稻瘟病基因是不等位, 将该基因暂定为Pi-bd1(t)。     

Analysis of the Relationship between Blast Resistance Genes and Disease Resistance of Rice Germplasm via Functional Molecular Markers

Rice blast disease is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), and neck blast is the most destructive phase of this illness. The underlying molecular mechanisms of rice blast resistance are not well known. Thus, we collected 150 rice varieties from different ecotypes in China and assessed the rice blast resistances under the natural conditions that favoured disease development in Jining, Shandong Province, China in 2017. Results showed that 92 (61.3%) and 58 (38.7%) rice varieties were resistant and susceptible to M. oryzae, respectively. Among the 150 rice varieties screened for the presence of 13 major blast resistance (R) genes against M. oryzae by using functional markers, 147 contained one to eight R genes. The relationship between R genes and disease response was discussed by analysing the phenotype and genotype of functional markers. The results showed that the rice blast resistance gene Pita was significantly correlated with rice blast resistance. Our results provided a basis for the further understanding of the distribution of 13 major R genes of rice blast in the germplasm resources of the tested rice varieties, and were meaningful for rice disease resistance breeding.