IL-1预刺激对反义IRAK-1寡核苷酸抑制NF-κB活化的影响

实验分为白介素－１（ＩＬ－１）预处理组和非预处理组,脂质体介导反义ＩＬ－１ 受体相关激酶－１（ＩＲＡＫ－１）寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ） 转染ＨｅｐＧ２ 细胞,用ｗ ｅｓｔｅｒｎ 杂交分析ＩＲＡＫ－１ 表达水平,以夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法检测ＮＦ－κＢ含量． 结果表明,ＩＬ－１ 非预处理组反义ＩＲＡＫ－１ ＯＤＮ不能抑制ＩＲＡＫ－１ 表达和ＮＦ－κＢ活化,而预处理组ＩＲＡＫ－１ 表达和ＮＦ－κＢ活化受到明显抑制． 反义ＩＲＡＫ－１ ＯＤＮ 对ＮＦ－κＢ活化的抑制作用具有时间（５～２４ ｈ）和剂量（１～８ μｇ）依赖性． 说明ＩＬ－１ 预刺激在反义ＩＲＡＫ－１ ＯＤＮ抑制ＩＬ－１ 诱导的ＮＦ－κＢ活化中起决定性作用．     

毛裂蜂斗菜化学成分的研究

从毛裂蜂斗菜（ｐｄｔａｓｉｌｅｘ ｔｒｉｃｈｏｌｏｂｕｓ Ｆｒａｎｃｈ。）的石油醚提取物中首次分离得到６个化合物,运用ＩＲ,ＥＩ－ＭＳ,ＨＲＭＳ,＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ,＾１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ,ＤＥＰＴ等光谱方法确定了它们的结构。它们分别是：Ａ１－β－谷甾醇;Ａ２,三十二碳酸,Ａ３,羽扇豆醇;Ａ４,Ｂａｋｋｅｎｏｌｉｄｅ－Ｂ;Ａ５,Ｂａｋｋｅｎｏｌｉｄｅ－Ｄ和Ａ６,ａｋｋｅｎｏｌｉｄｅ－Ｅ。     

IL—1预刺激对反义IRAK—1寡核苷酸抑制NF—kB活化的影响

实验分为白介素１（ＩＬ－１）预处理组和非预处理组,脂质体介异反义ＩＬ－１受体相关激酶－１（ＩＲＡＫ－１）寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）转染ＨｅｐＧ２细胞,用ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ杂交分析ＩＲＡＫ－１表达水平,以夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法测定ＮＦ－ｋＢ含量。结果表明,ＩＬ－１非预处理组反义ＩＲＡＫ－１ＯＤＮ不能抑制ＩＲＡＫ－１表达和ＮＦ－ｋＢ活化,而预处理组ＩＲＡＫ－１表达和ＮＦ－ｋＢ活化受到明显抑制,反义ＩＲＡＫ－１ＯＤ     

决明组织培养的研究

以草决明无菌苗子叶为外植体,接种于７类诱导愈伤组织的培养基上：Ａ．ＭＳ＋２．０２,４－Ｄｍｇ／Ｌ（以下单位省略）＋０．３ＢＡ＋０．２ＮＡＡ．Ｂ．ＭＳ＋０．２２,４－Ｄ十０．２ＢＡ＋２．０ＮＡＡ．Ｃ．ＭＳ＋１．０２,４－Ｄ＋０．５ＢＡ＋０．２ＫＴ．Ｄ．ＭＳ＋０．７ＢＡ＋１．５ＮＡＡ＋０．１ＫＴ．Ｅ．ＭＳ＋１．５２,４－Ｄ＋０．７ＢＡ十０．２ＭＡＡ．Ｆ．ＭＳ＋０．４２．４－Ｄ＋１．０ＮＡＡ＋０．１ＫＴ．Ｇ．ＭＳＢ（ＭＳ的无机成份和Ｂ５有机成分）＋０．１５ＮＡＡ＋ＢＡ,ＫＴ和ＺＴ各０．５。８～１５天后分别有９０～９９．６％的子叶片被诱导出愈伤组织,并且Ｆ．与Ｃ．类培养基对诱导愈伤组织比较理想,放于Ｇ培养基上的愈伤组织有９．２～３０．２％的芽分化率。芽在生根培养基１／２ＭＳ＋０．２ＩＢＡ中、９８％生根,形成完整的再生植株。     

大豆短叶柄性状的遗传分析

２个短叶柄遗传材料ＮＪ９０Ｌ１ＳＰ及Ｄ７６１６０９与长叶柄品种（系）杂交的９个组合的后代分离结果表明：（１）新发现的突变体ＮＪ９０Ｌ１ＳＰ的短叶柄与不正常叶枕两性状之间为一因多效,受２对隐性重叠基因控制;（２）由美国引进的Ｄ７６１６０９的短叶柄性状受２对隐性重叠基因控制;（３）ＮＪ９０Ｌ１ＳＰ与Ｄ７６１６０９短叶柄性状的遗传控制不同,叶柄长度至少受两两重叠的４对基因控制。     

小麦选系“7182—0—11—1”与黑麦可杂交性的遗传分析

小麦选系“７１８２－０－１１－１”与黑麦的可杂交性明显高于传统的高亲和性品系“中国春”。遗传分析表明,“７１８２－０－１１－１”与“中国春”的可杂交性基因一样表现为完全隐性,“７１８２－０－１１－１”除具有“中国春”的３对可杂交性基因,好５Ｂ上的ｋｒ１、５Ａ上的ｋｒ２和５Ｄ上的ｋｒ３外,还具有一个新的可杂交性基因ｋｒ５,位于２Ｂ染色体上,ｋｒ５表现为强效,其效应接近ｋｒ１,小麦可杂交性隐性纯合等位     

利用Tn5gusA5对大豆慢生根瘤菌lrp基因的诱变

通过对重组质粒ｐＧＸＮ３００中的 ２．３ｋｂ ＥｃｏＲＩ片段测序分析发现,其上有一完整的ｌｒｐ基因和部分 ｐｕｔＡ基因,与 Ｋｉｎｇ ＮＤ等［１］报道的 Ｂ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ的ｌｒｐ基因ＤＮＡ序列有 ８８％同源性。利用 Ｔｎ５ ｇｕｓＡ５定位 诱变方法,对质粒ｐＧＸＮ３００进行插入诱变,得到２．３ｋｂ　ＥｃｏＲＩ片段上有Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５插入位点的质粒ｐＧＸＮ３００－ Ｔ３８,将ｐＧＸＮ３００－Ｔ３８转移到大豆馒生根瘤苗（Ｂ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）ＧＸ２０１中,得到的ＧＸ２０１转移接合子与不相容 质粒ｐＰＨ１ＪＩ发生同源双交换。通过抗性及ｇｕｓＡ活性检测,筛选到一ｌｒｐ基因突变株。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ杂交分析证 明这突变株的 Ｔｎ５ ｇｕｓＡ５插入确实是同源交换而不是转座产生,表明 Ｔｎ５ ｇｕｓＡ５ 诱变可以应用于大豆慢生根 瘤菌中的突变林筛选。     

niaD基因与uidA基因共转化糖化酶高产菌株Aspergillus nigerT21

从Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ Ｔ２１分离到自发性的氯酸盐抗性株,再经氮源生长试验获得硝酸盐还原酶缺陷的ｎｉａＤ突变体Ｎ４４。用含有ｎｉａＤ的质粒ｐＳＴＡ１０转化Ｎ４４,转化频率为５个／μｇ（转化子／ＤＮＡ）。转化子的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹分析表明ｎｉａＤ基因同源整合到Ｎ４４的染色体ＤＮＡ中。ｐＳＴＡ１０与含葡萄苷酸酶基因（ｕｉｄＡ）的质粒ｐＮＯＭ１０２共转化Ｎ４４,共转化频率为４０％。共转化     

冬瓜的组织培养及快速繁殖

１植物名称台湾冬瓜（Ｂｅｎｉｎｃａｓａｈｉｓｐｉｄａ）。２材料类别顶芽、带腋芽的茎段。３培养条件（１）预培养的培养基：１／２ＭＳ和１／２ＭＳ分别添加０．１、０．５、１．０ｍｐ·Ｌ~（－１）（单位下同）ＮＡＡ、６－ＢＡ、ＺＴ、２,４－Ｄ。（２）诱导丛生芽培养基：①ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡＩ＋６－ＢＡ４;②ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２＋６－ＢＡ３;③ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ３＋６－ＢＡ２;④ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ４＋６．ＢＡ１。（３）生根培养基：⑤１／２大量元素减半的ＭＳ培养基;⑥１／２ＭＳ;⑦ＭＳ。培养温度：２５～２８℃,光照度２０００～２５０…     

诱生型一氧化氮合酶基因启动子的结构及其调控

鼠类ＮＯＳ２基因５′端１．７ｋｂ序列几乎包含了所有的顺式作用元件,其中ＮＦκＢ结合位点,ＩＲＦ－ＲＥ,ＣＡＡＴｂｏｘ和ＧＡＳ４等元件对该在的诱导性转录调控至关重要,人ＮＯＳ２基因５′端３．７ｋｂ范围与鼠类有相似的调控元件,但该区域仅有基础启动子活性,其诱导性调控元件在－３．７ｋｂ的上游,其中ＮＦκＢ结合位点着关键的作用。     

云南“大粒水稻”对稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传

云南地方品种——云南大粒抗水稻白叶枯病菌“江陵691”,其抗性由2对具重叠作用的隐性抗性基因控制,与IR28、南粳15的显性抗病基因不等位;也与已命名的xa-5、xa-8、xa-9和xa-13 4个抗性基因也不等位。     

Microsatellite and sequence-tagged site markers diagnostic for the rice bacterial leaf blight resistance gene xa-5

 Microsatellite and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers tightly linked to the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance gene xa-5 were identified in this study. A survey was conducted to find molecular markers that detected polymorphisms between the resistant (IRBB5) and susceptible (‘IR24’) nearly isogenic lines for xa-5, and between Chinsurah Boro II (CBII), an alternative source of xa-5, and a widely planted variety (‘IR64’) that lacks xa-5. Two F₂ populations, from the crosses ‘IR24’×IRBB5 and CBIIבIR64’, were used to estimate linkage based on marker genotype and reaction to disease inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Two RFLP clones, RZ390 and RG556, were found to co-segregate with xa-5 and were converted into STS markers. A microsatellite marker, RM390, was developed based on a simple sequence repeat in the 5′ untranslated region of the cDNA probe, RZ390, and found to co-segregate with resistance. Two other microsatellites, RM122 and RM13, were located 0.4 cM and 14.1 cM away from xa-5. A germplasm survey of diverse lines containing BLB resistance genes using automated fluorescent detection indicated the range of allelic diversity for each of the microsatellite loci linked to xa-5 and confirmed their usefulness in following genes through the narrow crosses typical of a breeding program. The limited number of alleles observed at the microsatellite loci linked to the resistance gene in 35 xa-5-containing accessions suggested either a single ancestral origin or a few independent origins of the xa-5 gene. PCR-based markers, like the ones developed in this study, are economical and easy to use, and have applicability in efforts to pyramid the recessive xa-5 gene with other BLB resistance genes. Received: 27 September 1996/Accepted: 7 February 1997     

水稻对白叶枯病和细菌性条斑病的抗性遗传研究进展

水稻白叶枯病和水稻细菌性条斑病是由稻黄单胞细菌(Xanthomonas oryzae)不同致病变种引起的两种最重要的水稻细菌性病害。发掘和利用抗性基因,培育抗病品种是防治这两种病害的最有效手段之一。本文分别综述了这两种高度相关的病害的抗性遗传研究进展,包括已发掘和利用的主效抗性基因特点及目前国内外对这两种病害的抗性QTL定位研究进展,为水稻抗白叶枯病和细菌性条斑病育种研究提供有用信息。     

Pyramiding Xa23 and Rxo1 for resistance to two bacterial diseases into an elite indica rice variety using molecular approaches

Rice bacterial leaf blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) are two important diseases of rice that often outbreak simultaneously and constrain rice production in much of Asia and parts of Africa. Developing resistant cultivars has been the most effective approach to control BB, however, most single resistance genes have limited value in breeding programs because of their narrow-spectrum of resistance to the races of the pathogen. By contrast, there is little progress in breeding varieties resistant to Xoc since BLS resistance in rice was a quantitative trait and so far only a few quantitative resistance loci have been identified. We reported here the development of a high yield elite line, Lu-You-Zhan highly resistant to both BB and BLS by pyramiding Xa23 with a wide-spectrum resistance to BB derived from wild rice and a non-host maize resistance gene, Rxo1, using both marker assisted selection (MAS) and genetic engineering. Our study has provided strong evidence that non-host R genes could be a valuable source of resistance in combating those plant diseases where no single R gene controlling high level of resistance exists and demonstrated that MAS combined with transgenic technologies are an effective strategy to achieve high level of resistance against multiple plant diseases. Y-L Zhou and J-L Xu contributed equally to this work.     

水稻细菌性条斑病和抗性育种研究进展

水稻细菌性条斑病(简称细条病)是由Xanthom onas oryzae pv. oryzicola侵染引起的全球性病害,对水稻生产构成严重威胁。发掘和利用新抗源、定位克隆抗性基因及深入了解病原菌—水稻之间的相互作用机理等对于水稻抗细条病研究有重要意义。本文主要介绍了细条病的抗性鉴定与抗源筛选、抗性基因遗传分析与分子标记定位、抗性基因的克隆、抗性育种的研究现状,提出了加快抗细条病育种研究进程的建议。     

Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice: marker-assisted selection using RFLP and PCR

 DNA marker-assisted selection was used to pyramid four bacterial blight resistance genes, Xa-4, xa-5, xa-13 and Xa-21. Breeding lines with two, three and four resistance genes were developed and tested for resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). The pyramid lines showed a wider spectrum and a higher level of resistance than lines with only a single gene. To speed up the gene pyramiding process and to facilitate future marker-aided selection, we developed PCR markers for the two recessive genes, xa-5 and xa-13, and used these to survey a range of rice germplasm. The results of the germplasm survey will be useful for the selection of parents in breeding programs aimed at transferring these bacterial blight resistance genes from one varietal background to another. Received: 6 December 1996/Accepted: 20 December 1996     

玉米细菌性条斑病非寄主抗性基因Rxo1转化水稻的研究

水稻细菌性条斑病是我国重要的水稻病害之一,但是在水稻种质资源中尚未发现抗细菌性条斑病单个主效基因。利用农杆菌介导的转化系统将从玉米中克隆的细菌性条斑病非寄主抗性基因Rxo1转入我国2个杂交稻恢复系和2个常规水稻品种。转基因植株的PCR和Southern分析结果表明Rxo1基因已整合到受体基因组中,Rxo1基因单拷贝整合的转化体在自交T1代呈现抗感3∶1分离。人工接种实验和病菌的生长曲线表明携带Rxo1的转基因植株对水稻细条病菌可以产生过敏性抗病反应。上述结果为利用非寄主抗性基因防治该病害提供了有用的信息。     

云南水稻品种冬糯的白叶枯病抗性基因定位研究——Ⅰ.抗病基因的初级三体分析定位

本文研究了云南稻品种冬糯对我国水稻白叶枯病(Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryxac)菌系“江陵691”的抗性遗传和抗病基因与初级三体额外染色体的关系。冬糯对白叶枯病菌系“江陵691"的抗性受一对隐性基因控制(xa-k);该抗病基因分别与Xa-a、xa-c、Xa-(?)、Xa-f和Xa-i不等位,并呈独立遗传;与Xa-g不等位,呈连锁遗传,重组值为28.7%。冬糯抗病基因与Triplo-7的额外染色体即第7染色体有关,推定冬糯所带的抗病基因位于第7染色体上。以IR36为遗传背景的初级三体系带有一对显性抗白叶枯病基因,该抗病基因位于第11染色体上。     

水稻条斑病抗性QTL的挖掘及相关基因的表达

条斑病是水稻(Oryza sativa)中的常见病害, 已经对我国粮食的高产稳产造成严重威胁。以典型籼稻台中本地1号与粳稻春江06的杂交F₁代花药培养双单倍体群体(DH)为材料, 用Xoc BLS256进行人工接菌, 对双亲及群体各株系的病斑长度进行测量和量化分析; 同时利用该群体业已构建的加密遗传图谱对病斑表型数据进行QTL作图分析。结果在水稻第2、4、5和8号染色体上共检测到4个效应值能区分开的QTL。对2号与5号染色体上2个较大的QTL区间内抗条斑病相关基因进行了表达分析, 结果表明这些基因在处理前后出现了不同程度的表达差异, 暗示这些基因可能是响应春江06与台中本地1号条斑病抗性差异的目标基因。研究结果为进一步克隆水稻条斑病抗性QTL奠定了重要基础。     

Mapping of QTLs conferring resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice

A large F₂ and a RI population were separately derived from a cross between two indica rice varieties, one of which was highly resistant to bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and the other highly susceptible. Following artificial inoculation of the RI population and over 2 years of testing, 11 QTLs were mapped by composite interval mapping (CIM) on six chromosomes. Six of the QTLs were detected in both seasons. Eight of the QTLs were significant following stepwise regression analysis, and of these, 5 with the largest effects were significant in both seasons. The detected QTLs explained 84.6% of the genetic variation in 1997. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of the extremes of the F₂ population identified 3 QTLs of large effect. The 3 QTLs were dentical to 3 of the 5 largest QTLs detected by CIM. The independent detection of the same QTLs using two methods of analysis in separate mapping populations verifies the existence of the QTLs for BLS and provides markers to ease their introduction into elite varieties. Received: 13 October 1999 / Accepted: 29 October 1999