脂联素对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

本研究通过在大鼠乳鼠心室肌细胞上建立缺氧/复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)模型,模拟在体心肌缺血/再灌注损伤,观察脂联素(adiponectin,APN)对心肌细胞H/R损伤的影响,并探讨其作用机制。采用胰蛋白酶消化法原代培养乳鼠心室肌细胞,α-肌动蛋白免疫荧光法进行鉴定。选用培养72h的单层心肌细胞进行实验,随机分为5组:对照组、单纯H/R组、H/R+APN组、H/R+APN+腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)特异性抑制剂阿糖胞苷(AraA)组、H/R+AraA组。观察各组心肌细胞形态及自发搏动频率,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞术检测各组心肌细胞凋亡情况,并测定细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量及培养液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,激光共聚焦显微镜观察心肌细胞内钙荧光强度,Western blot检测各组心肌细胞AMPK磷酸化水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,单纯H/R组细胞生长状态较差,搏动频率减慢甚至消失,DNA电泳呈凋亡特征性的梯状条带,细胞凋亡率显著增加,胞浆MDA水平增高,上清液中SOD活性下降,胞内钙荧光强度明显增高,AMPK磷酸化水平升高(P0.05)。与H/R组细胞相比,APN预处理后再进行H/R的心肌细胞搏动频率较快,凋亡率明显减少,MDA水平明显下降,SOD活性明显升高,心肌细胞AMPK磷酸化水平明显增高(P0.05)。AraA可以阻断APN的上述保护作用。以上结果表明,APN可减轻H/R导致的心肌细胞凋亡,减轻脂质过氧化及细胞内钙超载,这一保护作用可能与AMPK途径激活有关。     

生物技术法生产丙酮酸的研究进展

丙酮酸是一种重要的有机酸,广泛应用于制药、日化、农用化学品和食品等工业中。相对于化工法生产的丙酮酸而言,生物技术法生产的丙酮酸具有低成本、高质量等优势。生物技术法生产丙酮酸主要包括发酵法和酶法,前者又包括直接发酵法和休止细胞法。在对比各种生产方法的基础上,考虑到球拟酵母属的多重维生素营养缺陷型菌株是目前最具竞争力的丙酮酸生产菌,因此重点介绍了发酵法生产丙酮酸在菌种、发酵条件优化等方面的研究进展,并给出了生物技术法将来可能的发展方向。      

甘氨酸合成工艺革新

<正> 目前国内外生产甘氨酸都用化学合成法。文献报导的合成路线有三种方法,一氯醋酸氨化法,氰氮化法和乙内酰脲法。国内各厂生产甘氨酸都采用一氯醋酸氨化法,但所用氨化剂不同,一般用氨水、乌洛托品和碳酸氢铵等。我厂用液氨代替氨水作氨化剂生产甘氨酸获得成功,收率提高18.5%,成本下降43.2%,质量有明显提高。     

利用发酵法生产氨基葡萄糖的研究进展

氨基葡萄糖(GlcN)是一种重要的氨基己糖。它由葡萄糖的一个羟基被氨基取代形成,能够有效作用于软骨组织治疗风湿性关节炎,并被视为天然无害的食品及保健品配料,市场应用前景广阔。目前,生产GlcN的方法主要有酸水解法、酶解法及微生物发酵法。由于酸水解法及酶解法生产GlcN会对环境造成不利影响及生产效率低等原因,微生物发酵法生产GlcN得到了越来越多研究者的关注。对微生物代谢产GlcN的合成途径、霉菌发酵产GlcN及工程菌发酵产GlcN等方面进行了概述,并对微生物发酵法生产GlcN的研究方向进行了展望。     

发酵法生产柠檬酸简况

<正> 柠檬酸是经发酵法生产的主要有机酸之一。几乎都是采用黑曲霉菌菌株进行生产的。在一段时间里曾希望采用酵母菌—解脂假丝酵母以正-烷烃为原料发酵生产,但由于石油价格上涨,而未能实现。在生产原料方面早已采用废糖蜜代替价格较贵的粗糖或精制糖。在有的地区亦有采用玉米淀粉的水解液等进行生产的。目前生产方法有三种:即较早表面培养法、深层培养法以及固体曲培养法。     

微生物法生产对苯二甲酸进展

对苯二甲酸(terephthalic acid,TPA)是一种重要的有机工业化学品,广泛应用于聚酯、纤维、涂料、粘合剂和薄膜等行业的生产,目前主要采用对二甲苯的化学氧化法进行生产。本文综述了微生物法生产TPA的方法和国内外的生产现状以及研究进展。     

微生物发酵法生产L-色氨酸的代谢工程研究

L-色氨酸作为人体内的一种必需氨基酸,广泛应用于医药、食品与饲料等行业.工业上采用的色氨酸生产方法有化学合成法、转化法及微生物发酵法.近年来,随着代谢工程在色氨酸菌种选育中的成功运用,微生物发酵法逐渐成为主要的色氨酸生产方法.系统综述了微生物发酵法生产色氨酸所涉及的代谢工程策略,包括生物合成色氨酸的代谢调控机制以及途径...     

絮状单位测定与小鼠体内中和试验法检测TAT效价的比较

目的为了更好地进行生产质量控制,快速准确地测定破伤风抗毒素(TAT)效价,以统计分析絮状单位测定法(体外法)和小鼠中和试验法(体内法)测定TAT效价的相关性。方法对2010—2013年破伤风抗毒素生产过程中的原料血浆、原液的絮状单位值与小鼠中和效价进行了统计分析和比较。结果体外法和体内法检测TAT原料血浆和原液效价的相关系数分别为r血浆=0.794 3,P0.001和r原液=0.901 6,P0.001,均呈显著性正相关。结论体外法可指导或替代体内法TAT效价测定应用于生产过程中间品的质量控制。     

悬浮培养法生产血型单抗的影响因素研究

目的：建立单克隆抗体血型定型试剂悬浮生产法最佳生产方案。方法：通过研究影响细胞生长及抗体产量的主要因素,找出合理的生产方法。结果：理论上用该方法每月可生产抗体１００万ｍｌ,比原贴壁培养法的产量提高数十倍。结论：建立一种简便、实用的血型定型试剂工业化大生产方法。     

游离细胞法与固定化细胞法生产L-丙氨酸的比较

游离细胞法与固定化细胞法生产Ｌ－丙氨酸的比较徐虹王雪根范伟平欧阳平凯（南京化工大学生物工程与科学系,南京２１０００９）摘要利用假单胞菌的Ｌ－天冬氨酸－β－脱羧酶从Ｌ－天冬氨酸生产Ｌ－丙氨酸,具体方法有两种,一种为游离细胞法,另一种为固定化细胞法。本文...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.