不同营养治疗途径对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠血浆氨基酸谱和电解质的影响

目的比较不同配方肠内营养(EN)和肠外营养(PN)制剂对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠血浆氨基酸谱和电解质水平的影响。方法建立大鼠SAP模型,根据SAP营养代谢配制专用EN配方(EN-S)和含益生元(PRE)的EN配方(RPE-EN)。40只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、SAP+EN-S组(B组)、SAP+PRE-EN组(C组)、SAP+商品EN组(D组)和SAP+PN组(E组),营养治疗持续7 d,检测血浆氨基酸谱和电解质水平。结果B~E组主要氨基酸和总氨基酸水平显著低于A组(P<0.05),D组天门冬氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸水平显著低于B组(P<0.05)和C组,而谷氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸显著低于C组(P<0.05),低于B组但无显著性差异;B~E组血清铁显著低于A组(P<0.05),D组的血清铁显著低于C组(P<0.05),除C组外,其余各组的血浆钠显著低于A组。结论EN-S配方在提高某些氨基酸水平上作用优于商品EN;含PRE微生态营养制剂具有改善蛋白质代谢和电解质平衡的作用;短期应用EN和PN对SAP动物蛋白质代谢和电解质平衡作用无显著性差异。     

氨基酸代谢调控在大鳞副泥鳅应对氨暴露中的作用

将大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)暴露于30 mmol/L NH4Cl溶液中以研究高浓度环境氨对其血浆、肝脏及肌肉组织中游离氨基酸含量的影响。氨暴露会显著影响大鳞副泥鳅血浆、肝脏及肌肉组织中游离氨基酸含量(P0.05)。随着氨暴露时间的延长,大鳞副泥鳅血浆中丙氨酸的含量显著增加,且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在氨暴露12h后,其肝脏组织中游离谷氨酸含量显著上升(P0.05),而在暴露72h后迅速下降(P0.05)。而游离丙氨酸含量在氨暴露的前24h内基本保持恒定,随后开始显著上升(P0.05)并持续至72h。在氨暴露大鳞副泥鳅12h后,肌肉中游离谷氨酸含量显著上升(P0.05),随后快速下降至初始水平并持续到实验结束(P0.05),且在暴露72h和96h时显著低于对照组(P0.05)。肌肉中游离丙氨酸含量随着氨暴露时间的延长呈现先上升后降低的趋势,并在暴露12h和48h时出现2个峰值,且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在氨暴露下,其血浆、肝脏及肌肉中游离谷氨酸含量显著降低,且谷氨酰胺含量和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性显著提高,说明在高环境氨条件下,大鳞副泥鳅会利用谷氨酰胺合成酶将谷氨酸和NH_4~+合成无毒的谷氨酰胺以降低氨毒性。随着氨暴露时间的延长,大鳞副泥鳅血浆和组织有明显的丙氨酸累积且游离谷氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著降低,说明其可通过代谢这些特定氨基酸生成丙氨酸以降低体内氨的累积。     

丙氨酰谷氨酰胺对体外循环瓣膜置换术患者的肺保护作用

目的:探讨丙氨酰谷氨酰胺对体外循环瓣膜置换术患者肺屏障功能的影响。方法:择期体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下行心脏瓣膜置换术患者60例,随机分为3组,每组20例,分别为生理盐水组(C组)、复方氨基酸注射液组(A组)和Ala-GLn组(G组)。G组泵注丙氨酰谷氨酰胺0.4 g/(kg·d),A组和C组分别泵注等量的复方氨基酸注射液和生理盐水,三组均持续输注24 h。分别于:麻醉后(T_0)、开胸后CPB前(T_1)、主动脉开放30 min(T_2)、关胸(T_3)、术后5 h(T_4)、术后24 h(T_5)、术后48 h(T6),经静脉采血3 m L,检测血浆IL-6、TNF-α和SP-A的含量;采动脉血进行血气分析;观察ICU机械通气时间。结果:与T_0比较,三组患者在T_2、T_3、T_4、T_5时间点的血清TNF-α和IL-6含量均显著升高(P0.05);G组患者血清TNF-α和IL-6的浓度显著低于C组和A组(P0.05);与T_0比较,三组患者在T_2~T_5各时间点的SP-A水平显著升高(P0.05),G组患者血清SP-A含量显著低于C组和A组(P0.05);与T_0比较,三组患者在T_2~T_5时的RI值显著升高(P0.05),G组患者RI值显著低于C组和A组(P0.05);G组的机械通气时间比C组和A组显著缩短(P0.05)。结论:丙氨酰谷氨酰胺能降低体外循环瓣膜置换术患者的炎症反应,保护肺泡屏障功能,具有一定的肺保护作用。     

山药对环江香猪营养物质消化代谢的影响

为了探讨山药对环江香猪营养物质消化代谢的影响,本研究选用体重为4.55±0.63 kg的环江香猪10头,随机分为2组,每组5头,单笼饲养,分别饲喂山药日粮和基础日粮,试验期为7 d。试验开始和结束时分别称取试验猪体重,记录日采食量;试验第5～7 d收集粪样,用TiO2指示剂法测定常规营养成分的消化率;试验第7 d采血分离血浆,分别用全自动生化分析仪和氨基酸分析仪测定生化指标和氨基酸浓度。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和干物质消化率均有所提高(P>0.05);血浆尿素氮和血氨浓度均显著降低、总蛋白浓度显著升高(P<0.05),白蛋白和葡萄糖浓度及碱性磷酸酶活性均有所升高(P>0.05);血浆丙氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸和总氨基酸浓度均显著升高(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,山药可改善环江香猪的消化代谢功能,这为开发环江香猪的绿色环保饲料提供了一定的科学依据。     

休克期切痂猪血浆氨基酸的变化

观察烧伤休克期切痂后猪血浆游离氨基酸的变化规律 ,探讨焦痂毒素对全血氨基酸浓度的影响。以日历83 5 5 0型氨基酸自动分析仪 ,测定TBSA3 5 %Ⅲ度实验用小型猪血浆游离氨基酸 ,同时分析相关指标 (血LPS、GPT和TNF)的变化 ,结果显示休克期切痂组血浆游离氨基酸 (除个别氨基酸的个别时间点有变化外 )无显著性变化 ;在伤后 6d和 1 0d苯丙氨酸显著降低 ,血LPS、GPT和TNF也较对照组低 ,提示焦痂的存在对肝脏代谢有一定的影响     

复方高支链氨基酸对肝硬化大鼠肝功能及营养状况的影响

将SD雄性大鼠用四氯化碳处理建立肝硬化大鼠模型,并随机分为A、B、C三组,A组大鼠给予静脉输注生理盐水,B组、C组大鼠分别给予输注等量的普通氨基酸注射液和复方高支链氨基酸注射液,分别于实验第0d、第14d测定大鼠体质量、肝功能指标及营养学指标水平。实验结束后,B、C两组大鼠体质量明显增加,与A组相比,B、C两组大鼠肝功能各指标水平显著降低,血清蛋白水平显著升高,且C组相比,B组大鼠肝功能水平与血清蛋白水平改善作用更为明显(p<0.05)。说明复方高支链氨基酸能改善肝硬化大鼠的肝功能指标,抑制血浆蛋白分解,有效控制肝硬化病症的进一步恶化。     

慢性氨暴露对中华鳖幼鳖血浆总氨氮、皮质酮浓度及组织氨代谢酶活性的影响

本文观测了慢性氨暴露对中华鳖(Pelodiscussinensis)幼鳖血浆总氨氮、皮质酮浓度及与氨代谢有关的酶活性的影响。将中华鳖暴露在总氨氮(TAN)浓度为32.4、57.6、83.5mg/L(分别记为1、2、3组)的水环境中饲养42d,以自然晾晒脱氯自来水饲养组为对照(记为0组),pH值控制在7.80-7.85。检测氨暴露2、4、8、24、48h、42d后血浆TAN与8、24、48h、42d后皮质酮浓度,42d后肝、肌肉与脑中谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutaminesynthetase,GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(Glutamatedehydrogenase,GDH)的活性以及特定生长率(Specificgrowthrate,SGR)的变化。结果表明:0、1组血浆TAN随时间没有明显变化,2、3组血浆TAN随时间呈现先增加后降低的趋势,分别在8h和48h达到峰值,42d时各组间血浆TAN没有显著差异。氨暴露显著影响暴露初期血浆皮质酮水平,暴露后24h,1、3组血浆皮质酮水平显著高于对照组;42d后除2组外其他组间无显著差异。4组之间肝、肌肉和脑中GS活性均没有显著差异,肝和肌肉GDH(氨化和去氨化方向)活性也没有显著差异。各暴露组脑GDH活性和对照组相比差异不明显,但各处理组间氨化和去氨化方向脑GDH酶活差异显著。42d饲养期间各处理组SGR没有显著差异。     

条件必需氨基酸对放射损伤大鼠血浆蛋白的影响

观察条件必需氨基酸对放射损伤大鼠血浆蛋白的影响。以雄性Wistar大鼠 6 9只 ,普通饲料喂养 6天 ,随机分成A、B、C、D四组 ,A、B、C组各 2 0只、D组 9只。A、B、C三组动物均接受 6 .5Gy的γ线全身照射 ,D组动物不照射。照射后在A组饲料中添加 3%精氨酸 +5 %牛磺酸 +1%谷氨酰胺 ;B组饲料中添加与A组等氮量的甘氨酸 (10 .91% ) ;C组及D组仍喂普通饲料。照射后 7及 14天测血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、纤维结合蛋白。结果显示A组在饲料摄入量、体重及血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、纤维结合蛋白水平等方面均优于B组及C组。提示饲料中增加条件必需氨基酸含量可以改善进食 ,促进体重恢复及蛋白质合成 ,进而提高受照大鼠应激能力     

饲料添加β-1,3-葡聚糖对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清代谢、免疫相关基因表达和抗亚硝酸氮应激能力的影响

实验旨在研究β-1,3-葡聚糖的不同投喂方式对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、血清代谢和抗亚硝酸氮应激能力的影响。选用480尾初体重(0.43±0.01) g的凡纳滨对虾, 随机分为4组, 即G0(全程投喂基础饲料)、G1组(全程投喂0.1%β-1,3-葡聚糖饲料)、G2组(0.1% β-1,3-葡聚糖饲料7d+基础饲料7d循环)和G3组(0.1% β-1,3-葡聚糖饲料14d+基础饲料14d循环)。在养殖84d后, 应用亚硝酸钠进行120h亚硝酸氮应激实验。结果显示, 各实验组凡纳滨对虾生长性能和全虾营养成分没有显著性差异。在养殖84d后, G2和G3组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺脂肪酶活性显著高于G0和G1组(P<0.05), G1、G2和G3组凡纳滨对虾血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著高于G0组(P<0.05), G3组凡纳滨对虾肌肉脂多糖/?-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白(LGBP)、酚氧化物酶原(proPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)mRNA表达显著高于G0和G1组(P<0.05)。亚硝酸氮应激120h, G1、G2和G3组凡纳滨对虾累计死亡率显著低于G0组(P<0.05), G3组凡纳滨对虾累计死亡率显著低于G0、G1和G2组(P<0.05)。在亚硝酸氮应激120h后, 与G0组相比, G1、G2和G3组凡纳滨对虾血清总蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05), 葡萄糖含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05); G3组凡纳滨对虾肌肉LGBP、proPO和SOD mRNA表达显著高于G0 (P<0.05), G1组凡纳滨对虾肌肉丝氨酸蛋白酶(SP)mRNA表达显著高于G0、G2和G3组(P<0.05)。结果表明, 14d间隔投喂0.1% β-1,3-葡聚糖可能通过促进能量代谢和LGBP、proPO和SOD mRNA表达提高凡纳滨对虾抗亚硝酸氮应激能力。     

鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉饲料中补充包被氨基酸对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分及组织氨基酸含量的影响

为了探讨鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时饲料氨基酸的平衡性以及外源氨基酸的添加方式与凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分、血浆游离氨基酸及肌肉氨基酸含量的关系, 本试验采用26因子试验设计进行了为期56d的饲养试验。2个饲料蛋白质水平分别为40%和32%, 6个饲料处理分别为鱼粉组(对照组)、鸡肉粉组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA+晶体NEAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA+包被NEAA组, 配制12组饲料。将凡纳滨对虾(0.300.01) g随机分配到36个圆桶(150 L)中, 每桶30尾, 每3个桶为一个处理组, 饲喂一种饲料, 每天饱食投喂三次。在每一饲料蛋白质水平下, 无论是补充晶体氨基酸(CAA)组还是包被氨基酸组对虾的增重率均显著高于鸡肉粉组(P0.05), 且在32%蛋白质水平下, 包被EAA组对虾增重率达到了鱼粉组水平(P0.05); 补充晶体EAA+NEAA组对虾增重率与补充晶体EAA组无差异(P0.05), 但均显著低于补充包被氨基酸组(P0.05); 补充包被EAA组对虾增重率显著高于补充包被EAA+NEAA组(P0.05)。饲料系数的变化正好与增重率变化相反(P0.05)。饲喂高蛋白质水平饲料较之饲喂低蛋白质饲料明显提高对虾增重率、虾体蛋白含量(P0.05), 但降低虾体脂肪含量(P0.05)。包被氨基酸组凡纳滨对虾血浆游离氨基酸含量总体显著低于CAA组(P0.05)。除谷氨酸、甘氨酸以及脯氨酸外, 各组对虾肌肉氨基酸含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明, 在32%饲料蛋白质水平下, 用鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时, 饲料中补充包被EAA可明显促进凡纳滨对虾的生长, 且达到了鱼粉组的饲喂效果。     

富含谷氨酰胺和支链氨基酸的肠外制剂对创伤大鼠的效用

研究普通氨基酸注射液 (17AA)与富含谷氨酰胺及支链氨基酸注射液 (2 0AA)对创伤大鼠的营养效用。以Wistar大鼠为创伤模型 ,分别输注两种配方的氨基酸注射液 ,以日立L - 85 0 0氨基酸自动分析仪测定动物血浆游离氨基酸 ,并测定创伤处海绵内羟脯氨酸含量。结果显示创伤后大鼠血浆牛磺酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺和支链氨基酸含量较术前下降 ,但 2 0AA组血浆氨基酸恢复优于 17AA组 ,创伤处海绵内羟脯氨酸含量 2 0AA组显著高于 17AA组 (1.2 9± 0 .2 1vs 0 .83± 0 .16mg/块海绵 ,P <0 .0 5 )。提示 ,创伤后给予富含谷氨酰胺和支链氨基酸的营养制剂能提高血浆氨基酸浓度并有利于创伤的恢复     

Failure of Glucose and Branched-Chain Amino Acids to Normalize Brain Glucose Use in Portacaval Shunted Rats

Several abnormalities in brain and plasma amino acid concentrations caused by portacaval shunting in rats return toward normal after 4 days of intravenous infusion with either glucose or glucose with branched-chain amino acids. To assess the effect of such treatment on brain energy metabolism, regional brain glucose use was measured using [14C]glucose and autoradiography, 5 weeks after portacaval shunting. In one experiment intravenous glucose or glucose with branched-chain amino acids was given for 4 days. In a separate experiment the treatment was given orally for 2 weeks, and in addition to glucose use, brain monoamines and amino acids were measured. No other food was provided; the rats had free access to water. Normally fed shunted rats and sham-operated rats served as controls. Both types of oral treatment lowered the high concentrations of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glutamine in plasma and brain. Glucose without amino acids normalized brain tryptophan. Levels of brain norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were significantly raised after shunting. Treatment had no effect on norepinephrine but the glucose diet brought the indoles into the normal range. In contrast, neither intravenous nor oral treatment affected brain glucose use, which remained depressed by 25-30% in all brain areas examined.     

Oral supplementations with free and dipeptide forms of l-glutamine in endotoxemic mice: effects on muscle glutamine-glutathione axis and heat shock proteins

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. Low availability of glutamine contributes to the catabolic state of sepsis. l-Glutamine supplementation has antioxidant properties and modulates the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). This study investigated the effects of oral supplementation with l-glutamine plus l-alanine (GLN+ALA), both in the free form and l-alanyl-l-glutamine dipeptide (DIP), on glutamine-glutathione (GSH) axis and HSPs expression in endotoxemic mice. B6.₁₂₉F₂/J mice were subjected to endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli, 5 mg.kg⁻¹, LPS group) and orally supplemented for 48 h with either l-glutamine (1 g.kg⁻¹) plus l-alanine (0.61 g.kg⁻¹) (GLN+ALA-LPS group) or 1.49 g.kg⁻¹ of DIP (DIP-LPS group). Endotoxemia reduced plasma and muscle glutamine concentrations [relative to CTRL group] which were restored in both GLN+ALA-LPS and DIP-LPS groups (P<.05). In supplemented groups were re-established GSH content and intracellular redox status (GSSG/GSH ratio) in circulating erythrocytes and muscle. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was 4-fold in LPS treated mice relative to the untreated CTRL group, and plasma TNF-α and IL-1β levels were attenuated by the supplements. Heat shock proteins 27, 70 and 90 (protein and mRNA) were elevated in the LPS group and were returned to basal levels (relative to CTRL group) in both GLN+ALA-LPS and DIP-LPS groups. Supplementations to endotoxemic mice resulted in up-regulation of GSH reductase, GSH peroxidase and glutamate cysteine ligase mRNA expression in muscle. In conclusion, oral supplementations with GLN+ALA or DIP are effective in reversing the conditions of LPS-induced deleterious impact on glutamine-GSH axis in mice under endotoxemia.     

Effects of branched-chain amino acids on muscles under hyperammonemic conditions

The aim was to determine the effects of enhanced availability of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) on ammonia detoxification to glutamine (GLN) and protein metabolism in two types of skeletal muscle under hyperammonemic conditions. Isolated soleus (SOL, slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL, fast-twitch) muscles from the left leg of white rats were incubated in a medium with 1 mM ammonia (NH3 group), BCAAs at four times the concentration of the controls (BCAA group) or high levels of both ammonia and BCAA (NH3 + BCAA group). The muscles from the right leg were incubated in basal medium and served as paired controls. L-[1-¹⁴C]leucine was used to estimate protein synthesis and leucine oxidation, and 3-methylhistidine release was used to evaluate myofibrillar protein breakdown. We observed decreased protein synthesis and glutamate and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) levels and increased leucine oxidation, GLN levels, and GLN release into medium in muscles in NH3 group. Increased leucine oxidation, release of branched-chain keto acids and GLN into incubation medium, and protein synthesis in EDL were observed in muscles in the BCAA group. The addition of BCAAs to medium eliminated the adverse effects of ammonia on protein synthesis and adjusted the decrease in α-KG found in the NH3 group. We conclude that (i) high levels of ammonia impair protein synthesis, activate BCAA catabolism, enhance GLN synthesis, and decrease glutamate and α-KG levels and (ii) increased BCAA availability enhances GLN release from muscles and attenuates the adverse effects of ammonia on protein synthesis and decrease in α-KG.     

新型氨基酸制剂对创伤大鼠血游离氨基酸的影响

观察了富含牛磺酸 (Tau)、谷氨酰胺 (Gln)以及高支链氨基酸 (HBCAA)的新型氨基酸制剂对创伤大鼠血中游离氨基酸浓度的影响。结果表明 ,创伤后三天起 ,血浆游离氨基酸总和均显著降低 ,对照组基本无改变 ;创伤后Tau、BCAA、精氨酸以及天冬氨酸等具有抗氧化和免疫调节作用的氨基酸含量明显降低 ,新处方使用一周后其浓度有效回升 ,且效果好于 17种氨基酸 ,从而有利于机体伤口的愈合。这些结果为进一步阐明复合氨基酸制剂促进创伤愈合的作用及其开发应用提供了理论依据     

Intrafollicular amino acid concentration and the effect of amino acids in a defined maturation medium on porcine oocyte maturation, fertilization, and preimplantation development

The objective of this study was to determine the intrafollicular concentrations of free amino acids in pigs and to examine the effect of amino acids in a chemically defined maturation medium on oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo development in vitro. Pooled follicular fluid aspirated separately from small (<3mm in diameter), medium (3-8mm), and large follicles (>8mm) in three pairs of ovaries was analyzed for amino acid concentration. In addition, oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development were examined after in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes in a defined maturation medium supplemented individually with glutamate (GLU), glutamine (GLN), glycine (GLY), aspartate (ASP), asparagine (ASN), arginine (ARG), alanine (ALA), leucine (LEU), lysine (LYS), proline (PRO), and valine (VAL). Irrespective of follicle size, GLY, GLU, ALA, GLN, and PRO were the most abundant amino acids in pig follicular fluid (pFF). Sperm penetration was not altered by amino acid treatment during IVM, but monospermic fertilization was increased (P<0.05) by GLN, ASP, and VAL. All amino acids except ASP and ASN stimulated (P<0.05) male pronuclear formation after IVF. ARG and ALA treatment during IVM improved (P<0.05) blastocyst formation. In conclusion, GLY, GLU, ALA, GLN, and PRO were the most abundant amino acids in pFF and amino acids in a defined medium improved porcine monospermic fertilization, male pronuclear formation, and preimplantation development.     

Glutamine deficiency in extracellular fluid exerts adverse effects on protein and amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle of healthy,laparotomized, and septic rats

Characteristic feature of critical illness, such as trauma and sepsis, is muscle wasting associated with activated oxidation of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine) and enhanced release of glutamine (GLN) to the blood. GLN consumption in visceral tissues frequently exceeds its release from muscle resulting in GLN deficiency that may exert adverse effects on the course of the disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of GLN depletion in extracellular fluid on GLN production and protein and amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle of healthy, laparotomized, and septic rats. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used as a model of sepsis. After 24 h, soleus muscle (SOL, slow-twitch, red muscle) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL, fast-twitch, white muscle) were isolated and incubated in a medium containing 0.5 mM GLN or without GLN. L-[1-¹⁴C]leucine was used to estimate protein synthesis and leucine oxidation, 3-methylhistidine release was used to evaluate myofibrillar protein breakdown. CLP increased GLN release from muscle, protein breakdown and leucine oxidation, and decreased protein synthesis. The effects were more pronounced in EDL. Alterations induced by laparotomy were similar to those observed in sepsis, but of a lower extent. GLN deficiency in medium enhanced GLN release and decreased intramuscular GLN concentration, decreased protein synthesis in muscles of intact and laparotomized rats, and enhanced leucine oxidation in SOL of intact and protein breakdown in SOL of laparotomized rats. It is concluded that (1) fast-twitch fibers are more sensitive to septic stimuli than slow-twitch fibers, (2) extracellular GLN deficiency may exert adverse effects on protein and amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle, and (3) muscles of healthy and laparotomized animals are more sensitive to GLN deficiency than muscles of septic animals.     

Effects of triamcinolone acetonide on plasma amino acids and urinary urea output in rabbits

1. The effect of administering triamcinolone acetonide (10 mg/kg/day), 6 consecutive s.c. injections given daily, on plasma free amino acids and urinary urea output was studied in rabbits. 2. The total free amino acids in plasma decreased significantly from day 2 while ammonia increased significantly only on day 2, glutamine, lysine and branched amino acids increased significantly from day 3 or 5. 3. The output of urinary urea increased significantly from day 3. 4. These findings suggest the inhibition of protein synthesis observed in steroid myopathy may result from a decrease in the amino acid pool in skeletal muscle.     

谷氨酰胺对急进高原大鼠肠道微生态影响的实验研究

目的探讨谷氨酰胺对急进高原大鼠小肠黏膜形态结构及肠道微生态的影响。方法W istar大鼠50只,随机分为5组:对照组(A组)、3848米未干预组(B组)、3848米谷氨酰胺干预组(C组)、4767米未干预组(D组)和4767米谷氨酰胺干预组(E组),每组10只,急进海拔3848米和4767米造成大鼠急性缺氧模型,检测小肠黏膜上皮细胞形态结构、肠道菌群失衡及细菌易位的变化。结果高海拔缺氧组大鼠小肠黏膜变薄、肠黏膜水肿、绒毛短缩,肠道菌群失衡显著高于对照组(P0.05),且随着海拔升高,菌群失衡更明显。不同海拔高度细菌易位率也有差异。经谷氨酰胺干预后,肠道的菌群失衡及细菌易位率与高海拔缺氧组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论急进高原缺氧环境可导致小肠黏膜损伤、肠道菌群失衡及细菌易位,肠黏膜屏障破坏,且随着海拔升高而上述改变更明显。谷氨酰胺具有保护肠黏膜屏障及调节肠道菌群失衡的作用。