鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉饲料中补充包被氨基酸对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分及组织氨基酸含量的影响

为了探讨鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时饲料氨基酸的平衡性以及外源氨基酸的添加方式与凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分、血浆游离氨基酸及肌肉氨基酸含量的关系, 本试验采用26因子试验设计进行了为期56d的饲养试验。2个饲料蛋白质水平分别为40%和32%, 6个饲料处理分别为鱼粉组(对照组)、鸡肉粉组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA+晶体NEAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA+包被NEAA组, 配制12组饲料。将凡纳滨对虾(0.300.01) g随机分配到36个圆桶(150 L)中, 每桶30尾, 每3个桶为一个处理组, 饲喂一种饲料, 每天饱食投喂三次。在每一饲料蛋白质水平下, 无论是补充晶体氨基酸(CAA)组还是包被氨基酸组对虾的增重率均显著高于鸡肉粉组(P0.05), 且在32%蛋白质水平下, 包被EAA组对虾增重率达到了鱼粉组水平(P0.05); 补充晶体EAA+NEAA组对虾增重率与补充晶体EAA组无差异(P0.05), 但均显著低于补充包被氨基酸组(P0.05); 补充包被EAA组对虾增重率显著高于补充包被EAA+NEAA组(P0.05)。饲料系数的变化正好与增重率变化相反(P0.05)。饲喂高蛋白质水平饲料较之饲喂低蛋白质饲料明显提高对虾增重率、虾体蛋白含量(P0.05), 但降低虾体脂肪含量(P0.05)。包被氨基酸组凡纳滨对虾血浆游离氨基酸含量总体显著低于CAA组(P0.05)。除谷氨酸、甘氨酸以及脯氨酸外, 各组对虾肌肉氨基酸含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明, 在32%饲料蛋白质水平下, 用鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时, 饲料中补充包被EAA可明显促进凡纳滨对虾的生长, 且达到了鱼粉组的饲喂效果。

COMPLETE REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL BY POULTRY BY-PRODUCT MEAL IN PRACTICAL DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COATED AMINO ACIDS FOR PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI

A 2 × 6 factorial experiment with two levels of dietary protein (32%and 40%) and six amino acid (AA) treatments were conducted to determine effects of complete replacement of fish meal (FM) with poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets on a basis of EAAs or EAA+NEAAs on the growth and body composition of Pacific white shrimp over an 8-week feeding trial. Six AA-treated diets were formulated and expressed as diet FM (basal diet), diet PBM, PBM+crystalline EAA, diet PBM+coated EAA, diet PBM+crystalline EAA+crystalline NEAA and diet PBM+coated EAA+coated NEAA, respectively. For each dietary protein level, WGR in groups of PBM+crystalline EAA and PBM+crystalline EAA+crystalline NEAA were higher than that in PBM group (P<0.05). No difference in WGR between group PBM+coated EAA and control groups at 32%dietary protein level (P>0.05) was observed. The WGR in group PBM+crystalline EAA and in group PBM+crystalline EAA+crystalline NEAA was not different (P>0.05), but it was lower than that in group PBM+coated EAA and group PBM+coated EAA+coated NEAA groups (P<0.05). The WGR value in group of PBM+coated EAA was significantly higher than that in group PBM+coated EAA+coated NEAA (P<0.05). Changes in FCR was the opposite of WGR (P<0.05). The shrimp fed the 40%protein diets had higher WGR and body protein content but lower body lipid content (P<0.05) compared to those shrimp fed 32%protein diets. Plasma free AA concentrations of group PBM+coated AA were generally lower than those in group PBM+crystalline AA (P<0.05). There were no differences in muscle AA contents (P>0.05) except glutamate, glycine and proline across dietary treatments (P<0.05). Feeding a diet with PBM+coated EAA can lead to a growth comparable to feeding the basal diet at 32%dietary protein level.