人肝癌细胞LASP1 启动子的克隆及其核心调控区域的初步鉴定

目的:克隆人肝癌细胞的LASP1基因的启动子区域并找出该基因启动子的核心调控区域。方法:提取肝癌Hep G2细胞总DNA,PCR扩增不同长度的LASP1启动子片段,克隆至PGL3-Basic载体中构建重组表达载体PGL3-P1(2059 bp)、PGL3-P2(1123bp)、PGL3-P3(909 bp)、PGL3-P4(574 bp)和PGL3-P5(159 bp),转化入大肠埃希菌(E.coli)DH5α中,提取质粒经双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定阳性克隆并测序。将构建的重组表达载体、PGL3-Basic载体分别与内参质粒PRL-Tk共转染Hep G2细胞,48 h后经双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒检测其活性。结果:PCR结果、双酶切结果以及DNA测序结果表明成功构建了LASP1启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体;双荧光素酶报告基因检测结果显示,与PGL3-Basic组相比,重组载体PGL3-P1、PGL3-P2、PGL3-P3、PGL3-P4均具有较强的启动子活性(P0.01),其中,PGL3-P4的活性最强。结论:成功构建了人肝癌细胞不同截断长度的LASP1基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体,确定了LASP-1基因启动子的核心区域(-581 bp~-8 bp),为进一步研究LASP1基因在肝癌细胞中表达的关键调节因素及分子机制奠定了基础。     

携带不同数量增强子的嵌合型肝脏特异性启动子的构建及其体外实验研究

通过PCR手段成功获得肝细胞特异性启动子人α1-抗胰蛋白酶启动子hAATp(human α1-antitrypsin promoter,hAATp)及具有增强子功能的肝脏特异的肝调控区HCR (hepatic control region,HCR)。在此基础上,通过分子克隆手段构建获得携带有不同数量的HCR增强子的嵌合型肝脏特异性hAAT启动子,并在下游连入报告基因Luciferase,然后将重组质粒转染人肝癌细胞系HepG2、小鼠肝癌细胞系Hepa1-6、人胚肾细胞系HEK293和人脑星形胶质母细胞瘤细胞系U87-MG,通过检测Luciferase表达活性分析携带不同数量增强子的肝脏特异性启动子的启动活性及其组织特异性。结果表明,携带有3个增强子的嵌合型肝脏特异性启动子活性及特异性最好,为肝脏类疾病的靶向性治疗研究奠定了基础。     

Survivin特异性SiRNA提高鼻咽癌移植瘤放射敏感性

目的：研究Survivin特异性SiRNA（small interfering RNA）对鼻咽癌移植瘤的放疗增敏作用,探索提高鼻咽癌疗效的新方法。方法：Survivin特异性SiRNA转染鼻咽癌5-8F细胞系,培养48h后,采用RT-PCR、流式细胞仪（flow cytometry,FCM）分别检测Survivin mRNA和蛋白在5-8F细胞中表达。将Survivin基因特异性SiRNA转染5-8F细胞,培养24h后,用剂量为6GY的放射线处理,培养6h后,收集细胞,进行裸鼠皮下接种,50d后处死裸鼠,对移植瘤进行分析。结果：Survivin特异性SiRNA能有效抑制5-8F细胞中Survivin表达。Survivin特异性SiRNA组,Survivin表达阳性率12.37±1.86%,与对照组阳性率91.93±1.3%和阴性对照组阳性率92.43±2.34%比较,差别具有显著性（p〈0.01）。特异性SiRNA加放射组移植瘤（0.03±0.03g）显著小于特异性SiRNA组（0.28±0.02g,p〈0.01）与阴性SiRNA加放射组（0.17±0.02g,p〈0.01）。结论：Survivin特异性SiRNA增强了鼻咽癌5-8F细胞移植瘤的放射敏感性。     

人p53启动子萤光素酶报告基因的构建及其活性测定

目的：克隆p53基因的启动子,插入萤光素酶报告基因载体,并检测启动子活性。方法：采用PCR技术从人肝癌细胞系HepG2基因组中扩增人p53启动子,插入萤光素酶报告基因载体pGL4．0-empty,将重组质粒转染293T、ZR75-1、HepG2、A549细胞,测定p53启动子的转录活性。结果：构建了p53启动子的萤光素酶报告基因;通过测序及质粒酶切鉴定,所构建的p53启动子正确;活性实验表明,报告基因在多种细胞中显示构建的p53启动子活性,并呈现一定的剂量效应;转录因子USF能以剂量效应方式提高p53报告基因的转录活性。结论：克隆了人p53启动子,为进一步研究调控p53的转录因子奠定了基础。     

肝特异性表达HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶质粒的构建及表达

小鼠白蛋白是肝组织特异性表达的蛋白 ,这种特异性是由白蛋白启动子所介导的 .以2 2 35A- 1质粒为模板 ,通过 PCR扩增获得小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段 ,用小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段取代 p HCV- neo4质粒 (含 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶基因 )的 CMV启动子 ,构建了一种白蛋白启动子启动转录的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 (p A1 b- HCV) .该质粒能在小鼠肝癌细胞中表达且较小鼠其它癌细胞中表达水平明显增高 ,表明成功地构建了肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 .该研究为建立肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR转基因小鼠模型奠定了基础 ,对评价 HCV特异性反义药物及肝靶向性运载系统的作用具有重要的实际意义     

肝特异性表达HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶质粒的构建及表达

小鼠白蛋白是肝组织特异性表达的蛋白 ,这种特异性是由白蛋白启动子所介导的 .以2 2 35A- 1质粒为模板 ,通过 PCR扩增获得小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段 ,用小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段取代 p HCV- neo4质粒 (含 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶基因 )的 CMV启动子 ,构建了一种白蛋白启动子启动转录的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 (p A1 b- HCV) .该质粒能在小鼠肝癌细胞中表达且较小鼠其它癌细胞中表达水平明显增高 ,表明成功地构建了肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 .该研究为建立肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR转基因小鼠模型奠定了基础 ,对评价 HCV特异性反义药物及肝靶向性运载系统的作用具有重要的实际意义     

应用蛋白质组学方法初步筛选与鼻咽癌放射敏感相关的蛋白

目的:通过筛选放射敏感性不同的鼻咽癌细胞中差异表达蛋白,以发现与鼻咽癌放射敏感相关的蛋白。方法:放射处理并结合流式细胞术检测及比较5-8F和6-10B细胞的放射敏感性。提取细胞总蛋白,进行双向凝胶电泳、MALDI-TOF肽质指纹图分析、质谱数据的蛋白质库搜寻鉴定。应用Western Blot检测细胞中蛋白质表达。应用免疫组织化学方法检测鼻咽癌组织中相关蛋白的表达。结果:双向凝胶电泳后对胶上的部分分辨较好的差异蛋白质点进行肽质谱指纹图分析和鉴定,在两种细胞中差异表达最为显著的蛋白质有9个。Western Blot证实CK19和P73在5-8F和6-10B表达与蛋白质组结果一致。P73在鼻咽癌放射敏感组和不敏感组中的表达阳性率分别为90%、57.5%,存在显著性差异。结论:放射敏感性不同的鼻咽癌细胞中存在一些差异表达蛋白,这些蛋白可能与鼻咽癌放射敏感性有关,其中P73可能成为放射敏感性预测的侯选标志物。     

GCG干预LMP1激活的NF-κB信号转导通路中的靶分子

为阐明在鼻咽癌 (nasopharyngealcarcinoma,NPC)细胞中茶多酚干预EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白 1(latentmembraneprotein 1,LMP1)激活的NF κB信号转导通路中的靶分子 ,采用EBV阴性及阳性的鼻咽癌细胞系CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞 ,利用噻唑蓝 (MTT)法 ,观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 (EGCG)对CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞生存率的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对NF κB活性的作用 .利用间接免疫荧光法 ,观察EGCG对NF κB (p6 5 )核移位的影响 ,再分别提取CNE1和CNE1 LMP1的胞浆及胞核蛋白 ,通过蛋白质印迹分析EGCG抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位后胞浆及胞核蛋白中NF κB (p6 5 )的变化 .采用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对IκBα的磷酸化水平的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对EGFR启动子活性的影响 ,并用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对EGFR自身磷酸化的作用 .结果表明EGCG对鼻咽癌细胞的抑制作用有剂量依赖性 ,并可抑制NF κB的活性 .EGCG能抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位 ,并抑制IκBα的磷酸化 .EGCG对NF κB信号通路下游的靶基因EGFR的启动子活性及自身磷酸化都有抑制作用 .由上述结果可以推断 ,EGCG对信号转导通路上的NF κB、NF κB (p6 5 )、IκBα、EGFR多个靶点分子具有干预作用 .LMP1是EB病毒编码的蛋白质 ,因此 ,EGCG抑制     

上调miR-216a-5p通过靶向双特异性磷酸酶10抑制胃癌细胞自噬并增强放射敏感性

摘要 目的：探究miR-216a-5p对胃癌细胞自噬和放射敏感性的调控机制及其对双特异性磷酸酶10（DUSP10）的调控作用。方法：采用直线加速器6-MV X射线照射SGC-7901细胞,剂量率为0.8Gy/min,总剂量为8Gy。用Lipofectamine 2000试剂将miR-216a-5p mimic、NC mimic、pcDNA DUSP10或pcDNA NC转染到SGC-7901细胞中。转染后,将细胞分为miR-216a-5p mimic组和NC mimic组,每组又分为0Gy和8Gy两个亚组。在拯救实验中,将细胞分为miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA DUSP10组和miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA NC组。通过qRT-PCR检测miR-216a-5p和DUSP10 mRNA水平。通过5-乙炔基-2''-脱氧尿苷（EdU）掺入实验和集落形成测定检测细胞增殖。通过流式细胞仪评估细胞凋亡。通过Western blot检测DUSP10、Bax、Bad、Bcl-2、LC3和p62的蛋白表达。通过免疫荧光法检测γH2AX的表达,用于评估细胞中的DNA双链断裂（DSB）。通过荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-216a-5p和DUSP10的靶向关系。通过GFP-mRFP-LC3检测自噬体。结果：与8Gy NC-mimic组相比,8Gy miR-216a-5p-mimic组的集落数量、EdU阳性率和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低,而γH2AX阳性率、细胞凋亡率和Bax和Bad蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.01）。与8Gy NC-mimic组相比,8Gy miR-216a-5p-mimic组的自噬体数量和LC3II蛋白表达水平降低,而p62蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.001）。与miR-216a-5p-mimic共培养后,与DUSP10-3''-UTR-MUT组相比,DUSP10-3''-UTR-WT的相对荧光素酶活性显著降低（P<0.001）。与NC-mimic组相比,miR-216a-5p-mimic组的DUSP10 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低（P<0.001）。与miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA NC组相比,miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA DUSP10组的集落数量和自噬体数量升高,而细胞凋亡率降低（P<0.001）。结论：miR-216a-5p通过抑制DUSP10来抑制细胞增殖、增加放射诱导的细胞凋亡并抑制放射诱导的自噬,从而增强胃癌细胞的放射敏感性。     

hMAM启动子／增强子调控表达载体构建和调控作用

目的构建人乳腺珠蛋白（human mammaglobin,hMAM）启动子／增强子调控报告基因表达载体,探讨hMAM启动子／增强子序列在乳腺癌细胞中的特异性调控作用。方法应用PCR技术,从基因组DNA中扩增出hMAM启动子／增强子DNA序列,构建于PGL3报告基因上游,分别转染体外培养的乳腺癌细胞MDA—MB-415、T47D及胃癌细胞7901,分析启动子和增强子序列对乳腺癌细胞的基因表达调控作用。结果酶切图谱分析、DNA序列测定表明成功构建hMAM启动子／增强子调控的表达载体;荧光素酶报告基因检测结果分析表明,hMAM启动子／增强子能够调控报告基因的表达。结论hMAM启动子／增强子,在MDA—MB-415乳腺癌细胞具有调控基因表达的作用;     

Immunochemical determination of DNA damage induced by high doses of ionizing radiation

It was shown by the immunochemical method that DNA of X-irradiated E. coli cells of a radiosensitive mutant ABA88uvr A6 can react with the antiserum to thymine dimers which, in all appearance, are induced by ionizing radiation in bacterial DNA. The number of thymine dimers in DNA of E. coli AB1886uvr A6 increased with the dose increase. No dimers were detected in radioresistant cells of M. radioproteolyticus probably due to the effective excision thereof.     

Immediate and long-term effects of radiation on the immune system of specific-pathogen-free mice

Studies on the immediate and long-term effects of radiation on the immune system of specific-pathogen-free mice are summarized in this paper. There was a striking difference in the radiation response of lymphocyte subsets; B cells consist of a fairly radiosensitive homogeneous population, whereas T cells consist of a large percentage (greater than 90 per cent) of radiosensitive and a small percentage (less than 10 per cent) of extremely radioresistant subpopulations. Ly 1+ and Ly 2+ lymphocytes appear equally radiosensitive, although the percentage of radioresistant cells was slightly larger for the former (approximately 5.5 per cent) than the latter (approximately 2.5 per cent). There was a significant strain difference in the radiosensitivity of immune-response potential in mice; immunocompetent cells of C3H mice were more radioresistant than those of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and B10.BR mice. Studies on the long-term effect of radiation on immune system in mice indicated no evidence for accelerated ageing of the immunologic functions when radiation exposure was given to young adults. Preliminary results on the enhancing effect of low dose radiation on cytotoxic T cell response in vitro are also discussed.     

Paternally inherited effects of gamma radiation on mouse preimplantation development detected by the chimera assay

It has previously been shown that type B spermatogonia in male mice treated with 0.05 Gy of X rays undergo an alteration expressed by progeny embryos as a cellular proliferation disadvantage in a chimera assay. We wished to obtain information on the assay's detection limit to ionizing radiation and on the radiosensitive target in male germ cells. Male mice were briefly irradiated with 137Cs gamma rays at nominal absorbed doses of 0.0, 0.0015, 0.005, 0.010, or 0.05 Gy and then mated for the next 8 weeks to untreated females. Four-cell embryos from treated males (experimental embryos) were paired with FITC-labeled embryos from untreated males (control embryos) to form aggregation chimeras. The chimeras were cultured for 30-40 h and examined under phase-contrast and UV illumination for the number of unlabeled cells (from the experimental embryo) and total chimera cell number, which were then expressed as "proliferation ratios" (No. unlabeled cells/total chimera cell No.). Significant decreases in proliferation ratios were observed at postirradiation weeks 4, 6, and 7 for the 0.01-Gy dose group and at weeks 5-6 for the 0.05-Gy dose group. In addition, significantly lower ratios were observed with early and mid four-cell embryos, but not with late four-cell embryos. These results suggest that mouse male germ cells express a radiosensitive target(s) whose detection limit by the assay lies at an absorbed dose between 0.005 and 0.010 Gy for brief gamma irradiation and whose effect on embryonic cell proliferation might decay by the second cleavage.     

Inhibition of the endocrine function of the rat thymus by x-irradiation

Whole-body X-irradiation of rats caused inhibition of endocrine function of thymus. The effect was a function of radiation dose and time after irradiation. 72 h following irradiation with doses of 6 and 8 Gy the thymus hormone content of blood serum fell down the level registered in the thymectomized animals. Cellularity of the thymus and spleen concurrently decreased. The kinetics of spontaneous chemiluminescence of blood serum, thymus and spleen cells characterized the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids in response to radiation activation of lipid peroxidation in radiosensitive rat organs.     

Photodynamic activities of sulfonamide derivatives of porphycene on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Two sulfonamide derivatives of porphycene, namely PS6 and PS6A, were synthesized, and their photodynamic efficacies on the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line NPC/CNE-2 were evaluated. By comparing the 50% lethal concentrations (LC(50)) of these photosensitizers, we found that PS6A with a cationic ammonium group on the side chain exhibited potent photocytotoxicity on the NPC cell line. At a light dose of 1 J/cm(2), the LC(50) values of PS6 and PS6A for NPC cells were 11.6 and 1.92 microM, respectively. CNE-2 was found to rapidly take up PS6A in the first hour of incubation, and the uptake kinetics steadily increased to a plateau level after 18 h of incubation. The uptake of PS6A was temperature dependent. Over 99% of CNE-2 cells were sensitized by PS6A 24 h after drug treatment. Collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed in PS6A photodynamic therapy (PDT)-treated CNE-2 cells 1.5 h after PDT. Confocal microscopy revealed that PS6A was predominantly localized in the mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi bodies of NPC cells. Significant genotoxicity was not observed in CNE-2 cells. In functional studies, the in vitro formation of a capillary-like network of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in Matrigel was greatly inhibited by PS6A PDT in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, PS6A mediates both in vitro antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. PS6A might be a candidate for photodynamic treatment of NPCs.