人参皂甙Rg1抗OxLDL诱导内皮细胞凋亡及分子机制

目的 探讨人参皂甙Rg1抑制氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low-density lipoprotein,OxLDL)诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡的作用及其相关分子机制。方法 以体外培养的牛主动脉内皮细胞为模型。分别加入OxLDL200μg/ml(OxLDL组）和OxLDL200μg/ml Rg140μg/ml（Rg1组）;对照组不加任何诱导物,培养24小时后观察细胞形态变化,DNA电泳,TUNEL染色检测细胞有无凋亡及凋亡的程度,Western blot分析各组内皮细胞型一氧化氮合酶（endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase,eNOS)的表达水平。结果 （1）对照组和OxLDL组血管内皮细胞凋亡比例分别为8%和41.35%;(2)Rg1组血管内皮细胞凋亡比例为13.29%;(3)OxLDL抑制牛主动脉内皮细胞的eNOS表达水平,此抑制作用具有剂量依赖性。人参皂甙Rg1可使被OxLDL抑制的eNOS表达水平回升。结论 （1）OxLDL能诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡。（2）人参皂甙Rg1能抑制OxLDL诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡。（3）此作用可能与上调内皮细胞的eNOS水平,减轻细胞的脂质过氧化损伤有关。     

原核表达的萝卜PHGPx和谷胱甘肽对NIH3T3细胞氧化损伤的联合保护作用

将大肠杆菌中高效表达的萝卜磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(RsPHGPx)及其底物还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)联合作用于H2O2、过氧化叔丁基(t-BHP)以及磷脂氢过氧化物(PLPCOOH)损伤的小鼠NIH3T3成纤维细胞,研究其对于细胞过氧化损伤的保护作用。发现单独加入10 μg/ml RsPHGPx并不能明显保护细胞应对过氧化损伤,但是10 μg/ml RsPHGPx与3 mg/ml GSH共同作用,可显著提高GSH对细胞过氧化损伤的保护效果,提高细胞存活率,降低细胞膜脂质过氧化水平和胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,保护细胞维持形态完整和抑制细胞凋亡。这一联合作用结果说明RsPHGPx的催化作用可以快速清除细胞内多种过氧化物,高效地保护细胞免受过氧化损伤,为RsPHGPx的应用提供了实验依据。     

人胚细胞提取物抗突变作用的研究

本文应用体外培养人淋巴细胞和小鼠骨髓微核与染色体畸变检测,研究了人胚细胞水提物(胚提物)的遗传毒性和抗突变效应。结果表明,(1)胚提物(3和30μg/ml,下同)可显著抑制培养人淋巴细胞的自发和γ-射线诱发的微核形成;(2)胚提物对培养淋巴细胞的自发染色体畸变无明显影响,但可显著抑制丝裂酶素C(MMC)诱发的染色体畸变; (3)胚提物显著抑制环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓多染性红细胞微核(PCE-MN)的增加; (4)胚提物的上述抗突变效应呈剂量依赖性增加。因此,作者认为,人胚细胞水提物是一种抗突变剂, 可望用于肿瘤的化学预防,并可用作为肿瘤放疗和化疗的辅助药物,以减少毒付反应和二次肿瘤的发生率。 Abstract:Genetially toxic and antimutagenic effects of the aqueous extracts of human fetal cells(HFCAE) against mutagen-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation in human lymphocytes in vitro and bone marrow of mice were studied.HFCAE (3 and 30 μg/ml)significantly inhibited spontaneous and γ-rays-induced micronucleus formation and MMC-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro.HFCAE (3 and 30μg/ml) strongly suppressed also micronucleus formation induced by CP in PCEs of mice.These antimutagenic effects of HFCAE were dose-dependent.Our results suggest that HFCE might be an antimutagen and have potential value in its clinical application.     

红葡萄酒对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化的影响

选用雄性SD大鼠,分别灌胃红葡萄酒、酒精及水。实验90 d中每隔30 d处死一批动物,测定大鼠肝脏匀浆组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde MDA)含量变化。观察摄入红葡萄酒后大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性变化及对肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,红葡萄酒能提高SOD活性,且SOD活性与灌胃时间、剂量有一定关系;长期红葡萄酒和酒精摄入可诱导CAT活性增强,加剧肝脏的脂质过氧化(LPO)作用;红葡萄酒组、酒精组0.63、1.25 g/kg剂量GSH-Px活性均明显升高(P<0.05),酒精组1.88 g/kg剂量有极显著性差异(P<0.01);试验初期,红葡萄酒大剂量显著降低肝脏中MDA的含量。试验中期,红葡萄酒中大剂量显著降低MDA含量。试验末期,红葡萄酒大剂量和酒精中大剂量显著升高肝脏中MDA含量。     

含微囊藻毒素的蓝藻水华提取物对小鼠抗氧化酶的毒性作用

在世界范围内发生的富含营养的废水中生长蓝藻水华已经造成了严重的水污染。已有报道显示水华中的有毒成分是一类单环七肽微囊藻毒素,它们对人和家畜有严重的毒害作用,本文所使用的蓝藻水华采集于我国的太湖地区。我们采用三个亚致死计量(16、32、64 mg冻干藻细胞/kg体重,相当于4.97、9.94、19.88μg藻毒素/kg体重)的蓝藻水华提取物(CBE),分析它们对小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶的影响。经过连续14d每天腹腔注射CBE,小鼠分别在第3、5、7、9、11、13、15天处死并检测三种主要的抗氧化酶:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)的活性。SOD和CAT的活性均呈现了抑制效应,GST的活性也发生了明显的变化。为了进一步确定过氧化的程度,我们又通过检测丙二醛的含量分析了脂质过氧化的程度。经过14d CBE处理后脂质过氧化表现出了明显的浓度依赖性的上升趋势。我们的结果表明,CBE对小鼠的抗氧化酶有严重毒害作用,并且能够引起脂质的过氧化。     

致命鹅膏菌毒素对DMBA/巴豆油诱导小鼠皮肤肿瘤的治疗作用

研究了致命鹅膏中的毒素在安全剂量下抑制小鼠皮肤肿瘤的效果,并对此毒素的药用安全性进行初步评价。采用经典的DMBA/巴豆油诱导小鼠皮肤乳头状瘤形成的二阶段致癌模型,观察和评价致命鹅膏毒素在不同剂量下抑制肿瘤的效果,并且通过测定血清中氨基己糖的含量来判断对肝损伤的情况。结果表明,致命鹅膏毒素在某一低剂量下对DMBA/巴豆油诱导小鼠皮肤乳头状瘤有较好的治愈效果,且对小鼠肝脏无损伤,证明了致命鹅膏毒素可以较好地治疗皮肤癌。     

皮质酮对大鼠再生肝鸟氨酸脱羧酶及抗酶基因表达的影响

以部分肝切除诱导的雄性SD大鼠(180～200 g)早期再生肝为材料,用RT-PCR法分析皮质酮处理后再生肝鸟氨酸脱羧酶及抗酶mRNA水平变化.结果表明,皮质酮对鸟氨酸脱羧酶mRNA水平具有剂量依赖性抑制作用;10、20 mg/kg体重皮质酮对抗酶mRNA水平影响不大,40 mg/kg处理可促进其转录.     

致命鹅膏菌毒素对DMBA/巴豆油诱导小鼠皮肤肿瘤的治疗作用

研究了致命鹅膏中的毒素在安全剂量下抑制小鼠皮肤肿瘤的效果,并对此毒素的药用安全性进行初步评价。采用经典的DMBA/巴豆油诱导小鼠皮肤乳头状瘤形成的二阶段致癌模型,观察和评价致命鹅膏毒素在不同剂量下抑制肿瘤的效果,并且通过测定血清中氨基己糖的含量来判断对肝损伤的情况。结果表明,致命鹅膏毒素在某一低剂量下对DMBA/巴豆油诱导小鼠皮肤乳头状瘤有较好的治愈效果,且对小鼠肝脏无损伤,证明了致命鹅膏毒素可以较好地治疗皮肤癌。     

转化生长因子β mRNA在佛波酯刺激的小鼠表皮和化学性诱发的小鼠皮肤肿瘤中的高水平表达

转化生长因子β是一种细胞多功能调节肽,目前研究认为其和促癌过程有密切关系。本文利用Northern印迹分析技术研究了TGF-β mRNA在促癌物佛波酯刺激的小鼠表皮和化学性诱发的小鼠二阶段皮肤肿瘤中的表达情况。结果证明,巴豆油2—20 μL和TPA 5—40nmol一次局部涂用于小鼠皮肤,均可明显增加小鼠表皮TGF-β mRNA,呈较好的浓度依赖性。TGF-β mRNA表达在二甲基苯蒽(DMBA)和巴豆油诱发的二阶段小鼠皮肤乳头瘤和癌中均高于正常和瘤旁表皮。所检测到的TGF-βmRNA为2.5kb和1.9kb二种条带,但以2.5kb为主。     

冬虫夏草提取物的美白作用

以冬虫夏草提取物(Chinese cordyceps extract)为研究对象,通过蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验和小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)黑素合成抑制试验考察冬虫夏草提取物的美白活性。结果显示冬虫夏草提取物(质量浓度40～200 mg/m L)呈剂量依赖性抑制蘑菇酪氨酸酶的活性,且在安全剂量(质量浓度0.1～0.5 mg/m L)下显著抑制小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)内的黑色素合成(P0.05)。说明冬虫夏草提取物能通过抑制酪氨酸酶活性有效阻滞黑色素的合成,从而实现美白作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.