一种耐热几丁质酶的产生及其稳定性研究

疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus)SY2 在以胶状几丁质为唯一碳源的诱导培养基中产生了胞外几丁质酶.该酶在50℃保温1 h,酶活稳定;65℃时半衰期为25 min;酶液在室温下保存到12周,残余酶活性为45%左右.该酶有较宽的pH范围,3.0～9.0之间保持稳定,pH值为2.5时,仍具有70%的剩余酶活性.Ca2 对几丁质酶的活性有显著的激活作用;高浓度变性剂对酶有抑制作用.结果表明该酶是一种热稳定性高且耐酸碱的新型几丁质酶,能在酸性和高温环境中发挥作用,这些特性赋予了T.lanuginosus几丁质酶在几丁质的生物转化及其它生物技术中极大的应用优势.     

产几丁质酶菌株SWCH-6的筛选、鉴定及其产酶条件的优化研究

从汕头海湾养殖区域的海底沉积物中分离到1株几丁质酶活性较高的菌株, 命名为SWCH-6, 根据菌株的形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA 序列, 确定该菌株为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophlilla)。采用单因素优化方法结合正交实验, 得到菌株SWCH-6产几丁质酶的最佳发酵条件：胶体几丁质25.0 g/L, 胰蛋白胨10.0 g/L, 陈海水1.0 L, pH 8.5, 32℃, 150 r/min培养72 h; 在该条件下酶活力达0.39 U/mL。此外, 菌株所产几丁质酶的最适催化pH 5.0; 最适催化温度为40℃; Cu2+、Fe3+及表面活性剂Tween-80能增强该酶的催化活性; Zn2+、Mn2+及表面活性剂SDS、洗衣粉对该酶的催化活性有抑制作用, 与其它几丁质酶存在着一些不同。     

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus热稳定几丁质酶基因的cDNA克隆及表达

根据Thermomyces lanuginosus热稳定几丁质酶Chit的N-端氨基酸序列和同源保守序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR及快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)的方法,克隆了该几丁质酶的编码基因chit,全长cDNA为1500bp,包含一个由442个氨基酸组成的开放阅读框。该基因已在GenBank中注册,登录号为DQ092332。将成熟肽几丁质酶Chit阅读框与酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pPIC9K/chit,转化毕赤酵母GS115,在甲醇的诱导下,成功地分泌出具生物活性的几丁质酶,诱导6d后酶活性达2.261U/mL,酶蛋白表达量为0.36mg/mL。该酶的最适反应温度和pH值分别为60℃和5.5,该酶在50℃以下稳定;65℃的半衰期为40min。     

嗜热真菌 Thermomyces lanuginosus热稳定a—淀粉酶的纯化及特性

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus在液体培养基中于50℃静止培养14d,培养液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Toyopearl离子交换层析、Butyl-Toyopearl疏水层析、SephacrylS-300分子筛层析和FPLC MonoQ离子交换层析,得到了凝胶电泳均一的淀粉酶。纯酶与淀粉反应不同时间后,用碘色反应法和DNS法测定淀粉和还原糖量,结果显示淀粉量在开始时迅速下降,但还原糖的量却增加很慢;产物经TLC层析分析为麦芽糖和少量葡萄糖。由此说明它为α-淀粉酶。用SDS-PAGE和Sephacryl S-300分子筛层析测定分子量为56000,不具亚基。酶反应最适温度和pH分别为65℃和4.5～5.0。在pH4.6条件下,酶在50℃是稳定的;60℃保温1h,仍保留94％的原酶活性;酶在70℃的半衰期为10min。钙离子对酶有激活作用。酶对糖原和糊精有一定的水解能力。     

海洋微生物几丁质酶分离纯化及其抗真菌活性

以实验室筛选的海洋产几丁质酶短芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus brevis sp．）菌株Bspl,经往复式摇床振荡培养96h后,发酵液先后采取了75％的硫酸铵盐析、透析、几丁质亲和层析、SDS—PAGE等方法对几丁质粗酶液进行分离纯化和鉴定。几丁质亲和层析一步纯化后,经过SDS—PAGE电泳测定该酶的分子量为23ku,其比活力为86．65．纯化倍数为1．707、产率为32．1％。纯化的几丁质酶能抑制病原真菌的生长,对病原真菌的拮抗作用具有广谱性。同时研究了几丁质酶的稳定性,以胶态几丁质为底物,分离的几丁质酶在pH7．5,55．0℃左右具有最大酶活性;Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋和Hg^2＋能强烈抑制几丁质酶活性;Ni^＋和EDTA抑制20％-40％;然而5mmol／LCo^2＋可以使几丁质酶活性提高1．4倍;Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋等也能使酶活性增加。     

疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌热稳定几丁质酶的纯化及其性质研究

采用硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE SepharoseFastFlow阴离子层析、Phenyl Sepharose疏水层析等步骤获得了凝胶电泳均一的疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌 (Thermomyceslanuginosus)几丁质酶。经SDS PAGE和凝胶过滤层析测得纯酶蛋白的分子量在 4 8～ 4 9 .8kD之间。该酶反应的最适温度和最适pH分别为 5 5℃和 4 5 ,在pH4 5条件下 ,该酶在 5 0℃以下稳定 ;6 5℃的半衰期为 2 5min ;70℃保温 2 0min后 ,仍保留 2 4 %的酶活性。其N 端氨基酸序列为AQGYLSVQYFVNWAI。金属离子对几丁质酶的活性影响较大 ,Ca2 、Na 、K 、Ba2 对酶有激活作用 ;Ag 、Fe2 、Cu2 、Hg2 对酶有显著的抑制作用 ;以胶体几丁质为底物的Km 和Vmax值分别为 9 .5 6mg mL和 2 2 . 12 μmol min。抗菌活性显示 ,该酶对供试病原菌有不同程度的抑制作用。     

黏质沙雷氏菌L15-2几丁质酶的分离纯化与性质研究

几丁质酶高产菌株黏质沙雷氏菌L15-2在含有1%胶体几丁质、0.3%K2HPO4、0.3%KH2PO4、0.05%MgSO4、0.05?Cl2、0.001?SO4的产酶培养基中37℃培养4 d后,粗酶液经过DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow和Seph-adex G-100,电泳检测得到电泳纯的几丁质酶。该酶的性质特征测定结果表明,该几丁质酶的分子量为41.314 kD;最适作用温度为50℃,最适作用pH为6.6;在60℃之前热稳定性较好,在pH 4~10范围内较稳定;各种金属离子对酶活力影响不同,Fe2 、Zn2 抑制作用明显,而Ba2 、Mn2 、Ca2 对酶活性有一定的促进作用。几丁质酶对致病真菌的抑制作用也很明显。     

麻疯树几丁质酶性质的研究

为了评价麻疯树几丁质酶的性质,本研究采用不同pH的提取缓冲液提取麻疯树种子的几丁质酶,并比较分析了不同温度、不同反应时间对几丁质酶活性的影响。结果表明,在提取液pH为7．0时获得的几丁质酶活性最高;且在55℃时与底物胶体几丁质温育60min后可达最高酶活性。同时,本研究还提取麻疯树幼苗不同器官几丁质酶,并比较其比活力,结果表明,在叶中几丁质酶比活力最高,而根中比活力最低。实验结果为进一步研究麻疯树提供了理论依据。     

棘孢木霉几丁质酶tachi2 基因的原核表达及酶学性质研究

目的:实现棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,研究几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质.方法:利用PCR技术扩增得到几丁质酶基因tachi2,将其克隆到原核表达载体pEHISTEV中,测序后,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后进行Tachi2蛋白的纯化和复性.用纯化的目的蛋白Tachi2进行几丁质酶酶学性质的研究.结果:tachi2基因在重组大肠杆菌中正确表达,其主要以包涵体形式存在;重组蛋白Tachi2分子量约为44kDa,经过纯化和复性后得到的Tachi2有较高的几丁质酶活性.该酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为7.0,几丁质酶在40℃以下比较稳定、pH 6～9时酶有较高活性,受Cu2和Zn2+的强烈抑制.结论:成功实现了棘孢木霉几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,表达纯化了重组蛋白,明确了几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质,为该几丁质酶的进一步开发利用和深入研究奠定了基础.     

哈茨木霉T-23产几丁质酶发酵条件的研究

拟通过研究哈茨木霉T-23的产几丁质酶的最适发酵条件,并从中找出合理的发酵条件用于几丁质酶的工业化生产。通过在不同发酵条件下单因素实验培养T-23,分别测定不同培养液中的几丁质酶活性。综合各个试验结果,T-23以2％胶体几丁质为碳源,2％蛋白胨为氮源,在250mL三角瓶中50mL装瓶量,6％接种量,初始pH为5,25℃,180r／min,培养4d时,可使发酵液中的几丁质酶活达到最高。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.