都柳江鲤、鲫和草鱼种群mtDNA控制区及遗传多样性分析

采用PCR和DNA测序技术对贵州都柳江鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)种群的mtDNA控制区序列及遗传多样性进行了研究。获得了都柳江鲤、鲫和草鱼mtDNA控制区长度分别为899~901 bp、787 bp和901~905 bp的序列。该3种鱼类控制区碱基A、T含量较高,G含量最低。识别了该3种鱼类mtDNA控制区终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区等保守序列。其中,除CSB-2和CSB-3碱基组成相同外,其余核心序列碱基组成存在着差异。都柳江鲤、鲫和草鱼种群mtDNA控制区分别有24、24和11个多态位点,分属12、17和8个单倍型。都柳江鲤、鲫种群遗传多样性较高,草鱼种群遗传多样性较低。因此,有必要开展都柳江草鱼种群遗传多样性的保护。     

异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始父母本细胞周期蛋白B基因克隆与分子遗传分析

细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)B是真核细胞周期运转中调控G2期至M期转化的关键因子.本实验根据斑马鱼细胞周期蛋白 B1基因的剪切方式,设计3对特异于金鱼和银鲫细胞周期蛋白B基因外显子区兼并引物,首次扩增出异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始亲本红鲫和鲤鱼细胞周期蛋白B基因2条大小分别约为2.4 kb和2.1 kb的片段.测序及比对分析表明：这3种鱼的细胞周期蛋白B基因2个片段均包含8个外显子和7个内含子.内含子剪切位点符合GT/AG规则,推测细胞周期蛋白B基因2个片段可能是细胞周期蛋白B基因的2种存在形式.异源四倍体鲫鲤与其原始父母本细胞周期蛋白B基因片段序列的比较结果表明：无论是外显子区还是内含子区,异源四倍体鲫鲤与其原始亲本都具有较高的遗传相似性,在1 025 bp的外显子序列中相同的碱基位点数达963个,为异源四倍体鲫鲤来源于红鲫和鲤鱼提供了分子证据;同时,异源四倍体鲫鲤与其原始亲本差异碱基位点的存在又表明这一独特的多倍体物种与其原始亲本存在着进化上的变异.此外,还分别以细胞周期蛋白B基因外显子和内含子序列构建了包括异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始父母本在内的系统进化树.结果初步表明：对于亲缘关系较近的物种,用外显子和内含子序列构建的系统进化树与传统的物种进化树一致;而对于亲缘关系较远的物种,用内含子序列构建的进化树与传统的物种进化顺序存在较大差异.     

洞庭青鲫与其他六个鲫鱼品系线粒体DNA控制区的比较分析

运用PCR扩增、克隆、测序等技术,在获得洞庭青鲫和彭泽鲫线粒体DNA控制区全序列的基础上,对洞庭青鲫、彭泽鲫、普通鲫、红鲫、白鲫、A系和D系银鲫等7个鲫鱼品系线粒体DNA控制区的碱基组成、变异情况、序列结构和系统进化进行了比较分析。结果表明,7个鲫鱼品系线粒体DNA控制区碱基的平均组成为A:(32.7±0.16)%,C:(20.4±0.37)%,G:(14.1±0.08)%,T:(32.8±0.36)%,序列分歧率为0—5.7%,其中红鲫和白鲫的分歧率最大(5.7%),彭泽鲫、A系和D系银鲫之间最小(0)。洞庭青鲫与白鲫的分歧率为5.6%,与彭泽鲫、A系和D系银鲫为2.2%,与红鲫和普通鲫分别为0.8%和0.7%。对比哺乳动物线粒体DNA控制区结构,并参照其他鱼类序列,将7个鲫鱼品系的控制区分为终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区三个区域。同时识别了7个鲫鱼品系中一系列保守序列,并给出了它们的一般形式。序列差异和系统进化分析表明,在7个鲫鱼品系中,洞庭青鲫与普通鲫和红鲫的亲缘关系最近,与彭泽鲫、A系和D系银鲫亲缘关系次之,与白鲫的亲缘关系最远,而彭泽鲫、A系和D系银鲫三者在线粒体DNA控制区的相似性和分歧率上则表现为是同一个鲫鱼品系。       

从ATPase8-6基因研究杂交多倍体鱼线粒体母性遗传

异源四倍体鲫鲤是世界上首例人工培育的两性可育并形成群体的且能自然繁殖的四倍体鱼。本文采用质粒克隆测序法测定了红鲫、异源四倍体鲫鲤、三倍体湘云鲫和三倍体湘云鲤的ATPase8和ATPase6基因全序列 ,结合鲤鱼、日本白鲫和斑马鱼的同源序列 ,对不同倍性水平鲤科鱼类的ATPase8和ATPase6基因进行了比较 ,分析了碱基组成、变异情况以及核苷酸和氨基酸序列差异。红鲫、鲤鱼、异源四倍体鲫鲤、日本白鲫、三倍体湘云鲫和三倍体湘云鲤之间的序列差异为 0 0 % - 1 3 4 % ,它们与外群斑马鱼之间的序列差异为 2 7 9% -31 0 %。用MEGA软件中的MP法、ME法、NJ法和UPGMA法构建分子系统树 ,得到了相似的拓扑结构。结果分析表明 ,人工杂交多倍体异源四倍体鲫鲤、三倍体湘云鲫和三倍体湘云鲤在线粒体ATPase8和ATPase6基因上具有严格的母性遗传特征。值得注意的是 ,异源四倍体鲫鲤经过 1 1代的繁育后 ,与其原始母本红鲫仍然保持了非常高的同源性 ,说明了新的异源四倍体基因库在线粒体ATPase8和ATPase6基因上拥有稳定的遗传特性。对不同倍性鲤科鱼类线粒体ATPase8和ATPase6基因的研究表明 ,ATPase8和ATPase6基因是杂交鱼后代遗传变异研究的一个很好的分子标记     

洱海鲤属鱼类同域分化形成的分子遗传学证据

对洱海的 3种鲤鱼———洱海鲤 (C .barbatus)、春鲤 (C .longipectoralis)和杞麓鲤 (C .carpiochila)线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行了限制性片段长度多态 (RFLP)分析和mtDNA控制区 (D loop)序列测定。RFLP分析结果表明 ,16种酶在洱海鲤、春鲤和杞麓鲤 3个种共 14个个体上 ,仅DraⅠ在春鲤的一个个体上检出一个位点的限制性片段长度多态 ,独立为单倍型Ⅱ ,3个种的其余 13个个体共享单倍型Ⅰ ,种间遗传距离为 0 %～ 0 0 0 75 % ,此种间差异值比已报道的鱼类的种间差异甚至种内差异都低得多。D loop区的序列测定结果表明 ,长为 4 4 9bp的序列共显示有 7个变异位点 ,均为碱基替换 ,变异比例为 1 5 6 % ,在 14个鲤鱼个体中共检出 6种单倍型 ,种间的遗传距离为 0 0 82 %～ 0 171% ,与已研究的其他几种异域分布的鲤鱼相比 ,也至少小一个数量级。mtDNA的RFLP及D loop区的序列比较都揭示出洱海 3种鲤鱼之间的遗传差异远小于异域分布的鲤属鱼类物种之间及其他鱼类的同属种间的遗传差异。对洱海鲤属鱼类种间如此小的遗传差异唯一合理的解释就是 :它们确是由同域分化而形成的。     

异源四倍体鲫鲤、三倍体湘云鲫和它们父母本线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因遗传变异的分析

采用质粒克隆测序方法,获得了异源四倍体鲫鲤5个个体、异源四倍体鲫鲤雌核发育二倍体后代2个个体、三倍体湘云鲫2个个体及红鲫、湘江野鲤和日本白鲫各1个个体的线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因的全序列。经对比发现,异源四倍体5个个体共享2种单元型,异源四倍体鲫鲤雌核发育二倍体后代2个个体、三倍体湘云鲫2个个体以及红鲫、湘江野鲤和日本白鲫各1个个体分别共享1种单元型。用MEGA 1.0 软件分析了它们的碱基组成和核苷酸序列差异,用邻接法构建系统进化树。它们间的序列同源性在95%~99%之间,异源四倍体鲫鲤、三倍体湘云鲫和它们母本（分别为红鲫和日本白鲫）之间的序列同源性大于异源四倍体鲫鲤、三倍体湘云鲫和它们父本（分别为湘江野鲤和异源四倍体鲫鲤）之间的序列同源性,结果表明：异源四倍体鲫鲤和三倍体湘云鲫在线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因上具有母性遗传特征。本研究另一值得注意地方的是异源四倍体鲫鲤经过9代(F3-F11)繁殖后,在5个个体中发现了2种单元型,说明在四倍体基因库中存在遗传多样性,为四倍体基因库的繁殖、保护和种群复壮提供了一些有价值的信息。     

银色裂腹鱼线粒体基因组序列特征与系统进化分析

银色裂腹鱼(Schizothorax argentatus)在我国仅分布于新疆地区的伊犁河流域,是我国裂腹鱼类中珍稀濒危品种之一,具有较高的科研和经济价值。本研究采用高通量测序技术获得了银色裂腹鱼长度为16580 bp的线粒体基因组全序列,其基因组成和排列顺序均与典型的脊椎动物相似,共有13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个非编码区(D-loop)。碱基组成分别为A(30.25%)、G(17.28%)、C(27.20%)和T(25.27%),呈现明显的AT偏好性和反G偏倚。tRNA基因中仅tRNA-Ser(GCU)因缺少二氢尿嘧啶茎而无法形成典型的三叶草结构。ND6基因的AT-skew和GC-skew值波动最大,揭示该基因经历的选择和突变压力可能与其他基因不同。银色裂腹鱼线粒体控制区包含了3个不同的结构域:终止序列区(ETAS)、中央保守区(CSB-F、CSB-E、CSB-D和CSB-B)和保守序列区(CSB1、CSB2和CSB3),且在CSB3下游约50 bp处识别到鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类中普遍存在的保守序列片段TT(AT)nGTG。基于28种裂腹鱼属鱼类线粒体基因组全序列构建的系统发育关系表明银色裂腹鱼分化时间较早,与其他类群亲缘关系较远,这可能与其所生活的水域地理位置和水文环境有密切关系。     

10种鲤形目鱼类ZP2基因的克隆及特征分析

利用RT-PCR技术克隆了10种鲤形目Cypriniformes鱼类卵透明带蛋白(ZP2)基因的cDNA全长序列,并初步探讨了这些鱼类ZP2基因的重复结构域变异与产卵习性的相关性。序列分析表明,10种鲤形目鱼类ZP2基因cDNA序列长度差异较大(1 254～1 734 bp),其编码的氨基酸保守结构域集中在N端信号肽序列、三叶草结构域和ZP结构域,变异集中在N端重复结构域中,不同物种的重复单元和重复次数不同,其中产漂流性卵和产沉性卵鱼类的重复结构域不含重复单元或重复单元重复次数较少(2～5次),而产粘性卵鱼类的重复结构域中通常含有多次重复单元(7～19次)。同源性分析结果显示,在鲤形目鱼类中,团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala与鳊Parabramis pekinensis的相似性最高(99.7%),斑马鱼Danio rerio和鲫Carassius auratus的相似性最低(71.2%)。系统进化分析显示,鲤形目鱼类的ZP2氨基酸序列聚为一个单系,其中斑马鱼单独聚为一支,位于系统树的基部位置,与其他鲤形目鱼类形成姐妹群。10种鲤形目鱼类ZP2蛋白的二级结构成分和三维结构均存在一定的差异。进化选择压力分析结果表明,ZP2基因在鲤形目鱼类中受到正向选择,可能对其功能产生影响。     

天然三倍体鲫鱼突变体萍乡肉红鲫线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析

用细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因特异性引物,对萍乡肉红鲫(Carassius auratus var.pingxiangnensis)的线粒体Cyl b基因进行PCR扩增和双向测序.在12个个体中均得到序列一致的Cyt b基因全序列,长度为1 140 bp.其A、T、G、C含量分别为28.2%(321)、28.8%(328)、14.8%(170)和28.2%(321),A+T含量(57%)明显高于G+C含量(43%).与其他水生动物相同基因片段碱基含量相似.该基因中密码子第1位核苷酸中4种碱基组成较为均衡;第2位核苷酸中T的使用率较高,为41.8%,G的使用率较低,为13.2%;密码子第3位A的使用率较高,为39.7%,而G的使用率较低,仅为6.3%.BLAST结果显示,萍乡肉红鲫与其他鲫鱼类的Cyt b基因具有较高的同源性,其中与银鲫(C.a.gibelio)的相似性为93%,与普通鲫鱼(C.carassius)的相似性为98%.邻接法构建的分子系统进化树表明,萍乡肉红鲫与普通鲫鱼亲缘关系最近.     

暗纹东方鲀线粒体COⅡ及两侧tRNA基因的克隆和序列分析

用细胞色素氧化酶第二亚基基因(COⅡ)特异性引物对暗纹东方(Takifugu fasciatus)的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行PCR扩增,克隆并测定了COⅡ及其侧翼tRNA基因的全序列,结果显示,COⅡ基因691 bp和5′端上游的tRNAAsn基因及3′端下游的tRNALys基因序列共890 bp。用DNA分析软件比较暗纹东方与GenBank中9个目11种鱼类的COⅡ序列,显示暗纹东方与这些鱼类的COⅡ基因具有较高的同源性;其中与同属红鳍东方(T.rubripes)的同源性最高为99.0%。暗纹东方COⅡ基因的核苷酸组成中,A T含量为56%,与其他11种鱼类的A T含量(55%~62%)相近。鱼类COⅡ序列组成对A T核苷酸的偏倚程度比较低。根据暗纹东方与其他11种鱼的COⅡ基因序列同源性所建立的分子进化树,与传统的分类地位基本吻合。推定的tRNA二级结构为典型的三叶草型结构。     

肉白水晶彩鲫和红鲫杂交的遗传学

通过肉白水晶彩鲫(Carassius auratustransparent colored var.)和红鲫(C.a.red var.),以及后代不同杂交组合的体色遗传学研究,结果表明,肉白水晶彩鲫和红鲫杂交、肉白水晶彩鲫自交,子代全部为水晶彩鲫型;红白水晶彩鲫自交,子代表现为水晶彩鲫型和红鲫型;红鲫自交,子代全部为红鲫型。初步推断肉白水晶彩鲫是体表鸟粪素缺失型的纯合体(-/-),红鲫是体表鸟粪素完全型的纯合体( / ),红白水晶彩鲫是杂合体( /-)。鸟粪素缺失型相对完全型是显性,但它们的杂交遗传不完全符合一对等位基因的孟德尔分离规律。对照经典遗传学中金鱼的透明和正常遗传实验,发现透明鱼与肉白水晶彩鲫相似,五花鱼与红白水晶彩鲫相似,正常鱼与红鲫相似。二者的主要区别是经典遗传学依据体表将水晶彩鲫分为透明鱼和五花鱼,本研究依据体色将水晶彩鲫分为肉白色、红白色和其他色,由于分类角度的不同,一些观点和结论就产生了差异。     

新疆3种雅罗鱼线粒体DNA细胞色素b序列的差异与系统进化

利用鲤科鱼类线粒体DNA细胞色素b通用引物对分布在新疆的准噶尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscusmerzbacheri)、贝加尔雅罗鱼(L .baicalensis)和高体雅罗鱼(L .idus) 3个鱼种共1 5尾个体的线粒体DNACytb部分核苷酸序列进行了测定,获得1 5条长度为41 3bp的同源基因序列。同源基因序列分析显示,在3种雅罗鱼1 5条mtDNACytb基因片段中,A、T、C、G碱基的平均含量分别是:2 7 4%、2 6 7%、1 7 2 %、2 8 7% ,其中A T含量(5 4 1 % )高于G C含量(4 5 9% ) ;共检测到5 2个突变位点;转换比颠换发生频率高,转换颠换比值(R)是3 5。mtDNACytb的进化速率在3种雅罗鱼间表现出不一致性,贝加尔与高体雅罗鱼、贝加尔与准噶尔雅罗鱼种间遗传距离分别是0 1 2 5 1和0 1 2 61 ,保守性较低;高体与准噶尔雅罗鱼种间的遗传距离是0 0 0 0 7,高度保守。mtDNACytb分子系统树显示,在3种雅罗鱼中贝加尔雅罗鱼独立成一枝,高体雅罗鱼和准噶尔雅罗鱼聚成一类。提示了,在mtDNACytb分子水平上,高体雅罗鱼和准噶尔雅罗鱼的亲缘关系十分相近,贝加尔雅罗鱼与准噶尔雅罗鱼的亲缘关系相距较远。我们对准噶尔、贝加尔和高体雅罗鱼mtDNACytb方面的研究与陈星玉对其骨骼类型的研究结果相吻合。     

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Tetraodon nigroviridis.

The fresh water pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis is a model organism for studying evolution of genome and gene functions, but its mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) sequence is still not available. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of its mtDNA using shotgun sequencing. The T. nigroviridis mtDNA was 16,462 bp, and contained 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and a major non-coding region. The gene order was identical to the common type of vertebrate mtDNA, whereas the G + C content in the sense strand was 46.9%, much higher than most other fish species. One hundred and three SNPs were detected in the control region of the mtDNA of 35 individuals, a majority of SNPs were detected in the 5' end of the control region. A phylogenetic study including 21 fish species was performed on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein coding genes, and revealed that the T. nigroviridis was clustered with Fugu rubripes into a group. The complete mtDNA sequence and SNPs in its control region will be useful in studying fish evolution, in differentiating different Tetraodon species and in analyzing genetic diversity within T. nigroviridis.     

Molecular phylogenetic systematics of twelve species of Acipenseriformes based on mtDNA ND4L -ND4 gene sequence analysis

Acipenseriformes is an endangered primitive fish group, which occupies a special place in the history of ideas concerning fish evolution, even in vertebrate evolution. However, the classification and evolution of the fishes have been debated. The mitochondrial DMA (mtDNA) ND4L and partial A7D4 genes were first sequenced in twelve species of the order Acipenseriformes, including endemic Chinese species. The following points were drawn from DNA sequences analysis: (i) the two species of Huso can be ascribed to Acipenser; (ii) A. dabryanus is the mostly closely related to A. sinensis, and most likely the landlocked form of A. sinensis; (iii) genus Acipenser in trans-Pacific region might have a common origin; (iv) mtDNA ND4L and ND4 genes are the ideal genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis of the order Acipenseriformes.     

Molecular phylogenetic systematics of twelve species of Acipenseriformes based on mtDNA ND4L -ND4 gene sequence analysis

Acipenseriformes is an endangered primitive fish group, which occupies a special place in the history of ideas concerning fish evolution, even in vertebrate evolution. However, the classification and evolution of the fishes have been debated. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ND4L and partial ND4 genes were first sequenced in twelve species of the order Acipenseriformes, including endemic Chinese species. The following points were drawn from DNA sequences analysis: (i) the two species of Huso can be ascribed to Acipenser; (ii) A. dabryanus is the mostly closely related to A. sinensis, and most likely the landlocked form of A. sinensis; (iii) genus Acipenser in trans-Pacific region might have a common origin; (iv) mtDNA ND4L and ND4 genes are the ideal genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis of the order Acipenseriformes.     

鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶cDNA的克隆及肝组织表达

利用RT-PCR技术分别从淡水食毒藻鱼类鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)及草食性鱼类草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)肝组织扩增出谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)cDNA核心序列。序列分析表明鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼GPX的cDNA序列均为263bp,编码87个氨基酸。鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)(同属鲤科)、条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)(鲈形目)等鱼类GPX氨基酸序列同源性很高,为75%～93%;与人(Homo sapiens)、小鼠(Mus musculus)、大鼠(Rattus norvegicus)、猪(Sus scrofa)、牛(Bos taurus)等哺乳动物GPX氨基酸序列的同源性也较高,为76%～79%。以β-肌动蛋白为内参照,比较鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼肝组织GPX cDNA的表达水平,鲢鱼、鳙鱼肝组织GPX的表达量远高于草鱼肝的GPX表达量,这与鲢鱼、鳙鱼大量摄入微囊藻毒素在鱼体内引发产生过量的脂过氧化物相适应。     

Genetic diversity and molecular phylogeography of Chinese domestic goats by large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences of 666 individuals (including 109 new individuals, 557 individuals retrieved from GenBank) from 33 Chinese domestic goat breeds throughout China were used to investigate their mtDNA variability and molecular phylogeography. The results showed that all goat breeds in this study proved to be extremely diverse, and the average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.990 ± 0.001 and 0.032 ± 0.001, respectively. The 666 sequences gave 326 different haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that there were 4 mtDNA haplogroups identified in Chinese domestic goats, in which haplogroup A was predominant and widely distributed. Our finding was consistent with archaeological data and other genetic diversity studies. Amova analysis showed there was significant geographical structuring. Almost 84.31 % of genetic variation was included in the within-breed variance component and only 4.69 % was observed among the geographic distributions. This genetic diversity results further supported the previous view of multiple maternal origins of Chinese domestic goats, and the results on the phylogenetic relationship contributed to a better understanding of the history of goat domestication and modern production of domestic goats.     

COI (cytochrome oxidase-I) sequence based studies of Carangid fishes from Kakinada coast,India

Mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase-1 gene sequences were analyzed for species identification and phylogenetic relationship among the very high food value and commercially important Indian carangid fish species. Sequence analysis of COI gene very clearly indicated that all the 28 fish species fell into five distinct groups, which are genetically distant from each other and exhibited identical phylogenetic reservation. All the COI gene sequences from 28 fishes provide sufficient phylogenetic information and evolutionary relationship to distinguish the carangid species unambiguously. This study proves the utility of mtDNA COI gene sequence based approach in identifying fish species at a faster pace.     

Complete mitochondrial genome of the bullhead torrent catfish, Liobagrus obesus (Siluriformes, Amblycipididae): Genome description and phylogenetic considerations inferred from the Cyt b and 16S rRNA genes

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the bullhead torrent catfish, Liobagrus obesus, was isolated by long-polymerase chain reaction (Long-PCR) with universal primers and was fully sequenced by primer working using flanking sequences. The complete mtDNA from L. obesus was 16,531 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region, demonstrating a structure very similar to that of other bony fish. An analysis of the protein-coding genes revealed a statistically substantiated bias in (T+C): (A+G) content, supporting earlier findings regarding this peculiarity. As indicated by a chi-square test, the observed scores for pyrimidine and purine content were different from those expected assuming a 50:50 ratio: chi(2)=41.63, d.f.=5, p<0.000001 for three categories, including the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd codon positions. Further, there was a difference in nucleotide content between ND6 and the other 12 protein-coding genes in L. obesus. The values of p-distances, as summarized for different scales of evolutionary history at the Cyt b gene, revealed a clear pattern of increased nucleotide diversity at four levels: (1) intraspecies, (2) intragenus, (3) intrafamily, and (4) intraorder. Scores of average p-distances of the four categories in catfish were (1) 1.59+/-0.54%, (2) 5.28+/-1.72% (3) 16.37+/-1.26%, and (4) 19.81+/-0.14%, respectively. These data support the hypothesis that speciation in the order Siluriformes, in most cases, follows a geographic mode through the accumulation of a numerous small genetic changes over a long time period. A phylogenetic tree for the bullhead torrent catfish and several other fish species belonging to the order Siluriformes was developed on the basis of respective Cyt b sequences (1138 bp); the analysis revealed a monophyletic origin for the five examined families. A species-specific clustering of sequences from single species was obtained, supporting additionally basic phylogenetic information for the catfish and the barcoding suitability of Cyt b sequence data. Lastly, one of the well-supported properties of our phylogenetic tree (99% repetition level in our analysis) was the monophyletic placement of all catfish (order Siluriformes) among other ray-finned fish of the class Actinopterigii. Also discussed herein are the aspects of phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA gene.