肉白水晶彩鲫和红鲫杂交的遗传学

通过肉白水晶彩鲫(Carassius auratustransparent colored var.)和红鲫(C.a.red var.),以及后代不同杂交组合的体色遗传学研究,结果表明,肉白水晶彩鲫和红鲫杂交、肉白水晶彩鲫自交,子代全部为水晶彩鲫型;红白水晶彩鲫自交,子代表现为水晶彩鲫型和红鲫型;红鲫自交,子代全部为红鲫型。初步推断肉白水晶彩鲫是体表鸟粪素缺失型的纯合体(-/-),红鲫是体表鸟粪素完全型的纯合体( / ),红白水晶彩鲫是杂合体( /-)。鸟粪素缺失型相对完全型是显性,但它们的杂交遗传不完全符合一对等位基因的孟德尔分离规律。对照经典遗传学中金鱼的透明和正常遗传实验,发现透明鱼与肉白水晶彩鲫相似,五花鱼与红白水晶彩鲫相似,正常鱼与红鲫相似。二者的主要区别是经典遗传学依据体表将水晶彩鲫分为透明鱼和五花鱼,本研究依据体色将水晶彩鲫分为肉白色、红白色和其他色,由于分类角度的不同,一些观点和结论就产生了差异。

Genetic Characteristics of the Crosses between White Transparent Crucian Carp and Red Crucian Carp

This paper reports the body colors in different cross combinations of White Transparent Crucian Carp,Red Crucian Carp and their hybrid.The results demonstrated that Transparent Crucian Carp offsprings were obtained by combination of White Transparent Crucian Carp and Red Crucian Carp and by selfcrossing of White Transparent Crucian Carp.Both Transparent Crucian Carp and Red Crucian Carp offsprings were obtained by selfcrossing of Red-white Transparent Crucian Carp.Red Crucian Carp offsprings were obtained by selfcrossing of Red Crucian Carp.Therefore,we inferred that White Transparent Crucian Carp is homozygote of guanophore~((-/-)),Red Crucian Carp is homozygote of guanophore~(( / )),and Red-white Transparent Crucian Carp is heterozygote of guanophore~(( /-)).Guanophore~((/-)) is relatively dominant in comparison with guanophore~(( / )),however,this phenomenon does not completely conform to the Mendelian segregation rule of alleles.Taking consideration of classical cross experiments involving in transparent and normal body color of goldfish,we also found that transparent fish is similar to White Transparent Crucian Carp,mottlefish similar to Red-white Transparent Crucian Carp,normal fish similar to Red Crucian Carp.The discrepancy arises from different points of view on classification of body colors.Classical cross experiment divided Transparent Crucian Carp into transparent and mottle fish,whereas body colors of Transparent Crucian Carp were separated to White Transparent,Red-white and other color in our study.