大肠杆菌trpBA基因的克隆表达

目的:提高大肠杆菌中色氨酸合成酶的表达量和表达活性。方法:利用PCR方法从大肠杆菌K-12的基因组中直接克隆出紧密连锁trpB和trpA基因(简称trpBA),并将其连接到原核表达载体pet22b( )中,得到重组质粒pet22b( )-trp-BA,转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析并用比色法测定其活性。结果:凝胶电泳可见PCR扩增产物大小约为2kb,SDS-PAGE鉴定目的蛋白的Mr分别约为29000和44000,色氨酸合成酶α、β亚基分别得到了高效表达,色氨酸合成酶活性提高到对照菌的3.7倍。结论:成功构建了重组质粒pet22b( )-trpBA,色氨酸合成酶的表达量和表达活性在大肠杆菌中得到了提高,为高产色氨酸基因工程菌的构建奠定基础。     

外源基因pheA,aroG和tyrB在苯丙氨酸合成途径中的共表达

利用基因工程技术提高了短杆菌的苯丙氨酸合成途径中关键酶活性,大幅度地增加了生物合成苯丙氨酸的产量。首先采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)从大肠杆菌的氟代苯丙氨酸抗性变异菌株基因组中扩增到与苯丙氨酸合成相关的aroG,pheA和tyrB 3个基因。其中aroG编码3-脱氧-2-阿拉伯庚酮糖-7-磷酸合成酶(DS),pheA编码双功能酶蛋白-分枝酸变位酶(CM)和预苯酸脱水酶(PD),tyrB编码转氨酶(AT)。设计不同的酶切位点,利用质粒pUC118的多克隆位点,将3个基因按不同的顺序组合串联,然后插入穿梭质粒pCZ.10,导入短杆菌中表达。结果表明3个大肠杆菌基因在短杆菌中能够表达。其中以aroG-pheA-tyrB顺序串联而构建的黄色短杆菌工程菌株1311-GAB中的DS酶活力提高4.5倍,CM提高4.2倍,PD提高2.7倍,AT提高3.2倍;它的苯丙氨酸合成量提高2.35倍。     

分选酶A在pET32a(+)原核表达载体中的表达和鉴定

旨在pET32a(+)原核表达载体中表达金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)中的转肽酶分选酶(SrtA)并进行鉴定.以含有pET22-srtA质粒为模板,设计并合成引物,PCR扩增得到SrtA△N24和SrtA△N59基因,经过BamH Ⅰ、Xho Ⅰ酶切,克隆入表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建重组载体pET32a-SrtA△N24及pET32a-SrtA△N59,并转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3).经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对表达产物分别进行分析和鉴定.然后对重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的表达条件进行了优化.结果显示重组载体pET32a-SrtA△N24和pET32a-SrtA△N59分别表达出相对分子量为约42 kD和37 kD的融合蛋白,经SDS-PAGE和Westem blotting检测显示其分子量与预期的大小相符合.成功构建了重组质粒pET32a-SrtA△N24和pET32a-SrtA△N59,并且在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得了高效融合表达.     

基因工程手段提高磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶活性的研究

为了提高目的蛋白磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶(PSS)的表达,使用rTaq酶从E coli K12总DNA中PCR扩增获得磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶基因片段,将其重组于高效表达载体pET28b质粒,转入相应表达菌株进行表达,收集菌体超声破碎获得含PSS的粗酶液,使用两相反应体系进行生物转化,HPLC-ELSD手段进行酶活检测。结果显示,重组菌株中PSS的酶活力比对照有所提高,同时获得酶活力提高的突变基因pssE210G。将突变基因重组于更高效的表达载体pBAD-MCS,转入相应宿主菌株表达。结果显示E.coli TOP10(pBAD-MCS-pss)表达的酶活性明显优于E.coli BL21(pET28b-pss)中表达的酶活性。以上实验结果表明,将目的基因重组于高效表达质粒有助于提高酶活力;组合到不同的表达质粒,酶活提高程度不同;磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶基因第73位氨基酸发生突变,对其酶结构和酶活力有直接的影响。     

共表达SHMT和TPase载体的构建及双酶法合成L-色氨酸

利用重组大肠杆菌表达丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶(SHMT)和色氨酸酶(TPase),并利用双酶法合成L-色氨酸。采用PCR从大肠杆菌K12基因组中扩增上述两种酶的基因,利用pET-28a载体,构建单表达重组质粒pET-SHMT、pET-TPase和共表达重组质粒pET-ST。将上述3种重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行表达。SDS-PAGE结果表明,单表达基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/pET-SHMT和BL21(DE3)/pET-TPase分别在47kDa(SHMT)和50kDa(TPase)处有蛋白表达带;共表达基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/pET-ST在上述两处均有蛋白表达带。与宿主菌相比,单表达SHMT基因工程菌产酶活性提高了6.4倍;单表达TPase基因工程菌产酶活性提高了8.4倍;共表达SHMT和TPase基因工程菌产酶活性分别提高了6.1和6.9倍。利用工程菌所产酶进行双菌双酶法和单菌双酶法合成L-色氨酸。两菌双酶合成L-色氨酸的累积量达到41.5g/L,甘氨酸转化率为83.3%,吲哚转化率为92.5%;单菌双酶合成L-色氨酸的累积量达到28.9g/L,甘氨酸转化率为82.7%,吲哚转化率为82.9%。     

人纤溶酶原饼环区5(hPK5)基因的分泌型表达

构建人纤溶酶原饼环区5(hPK5)基因的原核可溶性表达载体并进行表达和纯化,获取大量高纯度、具有生物活性的hPK5蛋白。以纤溶酶原cDNA为模板,PCR扩增了hPK5基因,经过适当酶切后构建表达载体pET22b(+)hPK5,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行表达并经组氨酸亲和层析获得纯化。带有重组质粒pET22b(+)hPK5的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导后以可溶性形式表达16kDa的蛋白,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,纯化后目的蛋白纯度达95%以上,Western印迹表明重组蛋白具有Histag抗原活性。构建了pET22b(+)hPK5重组质粒并成功地在大肠杆菌中获得可溶性表达,为获得大量hPK5基因工程产品奠定了实验基础。     

结核分枝杆菌H37Rv 色氨酸合成酶α亚基编码基因的克隆、表达及酶学性质分析

目的 克隆表达色氨酸合成酶α亚基编码基因并对其进行功能分析。方法 以结核分枝杆菌( 简称结核杆菌)H37Rv 基因组为模板, 扩增trpA 基因, 构建pET30a-trpA 重组质粒; 转化重组质粒到大肠埃希菌DH5α并在BL21( DE3) 诱导表达, 纯化可溶性的结核杆菌重组色氨酸合成酶α亚基( His-rMtTrpA) 。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳( SDS-PAGE) 和质谱分析测定相对分子质量( Mr) 后, 用圆二色光谱( CD) 分析和同源模建方法检测二级和三级结构。研究不同浓度HisrMtTrpA对β亚基酶活反应的影响。结果 成功克隆了813 bp 的目的基因trpA, 并获得了高纯度的His-rMtTrpA 蛋白。重组蛋白Mr 为33. 151 ×10³ ( 含载体蛋白) 。25 ℃时His-rMtTrpA 的二级结构包括31. 8% α 螺旋、31. 8% β 折叠、8. 4% β转角和27. 9%无规则卷曲, 它的三维模型显示为( β/ α) 8 桶状结构。酶学性质研究表明, 在His-rMtTrpA 与MtTrpB 的摩尔比为2. 2时, 色氨酸合成酶α亚基可以最大限度促进β亚基酶活反应。结论 成功得到高纯度的重组目的蛋白His-rMtTrpA, 其功能分析为针对色氨酸合成酶的药物筛选设计提供理论基础。     

苯丙氨酸合成的关键酶基因aroG与pheA串联表达

aroG和pheA是与苯丙氨酸合成有关的两个重要基因。在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中,aroG基因编码脱氧阿拉伯糖型庚酮糖磷酸合酶(DS),该酶催化由糖代谢中心途径分流出来的磷酸烯醇丙酮酸(PEP)和赤鲜糖4磷酸(E4P)缩合形成脱氧阿拉伯糖型庚酮糖磷酸(DAHP)的反应;pheA基因编码一个双功能酶蛋白,它同时催化两步关键反应,即具有分枝酸变位酶(CM)和预苯酸脱水(PD)的两种功能。采用PCR技术分别从两个不同品系的大肠杆菌染色体DNA中扩增到aroG和pheA。当这两个基因串联在一个质粒上导入大肠杆菌P2392中进行表达时,它们编码的酶DS、CM和PD活性分别提高43、44和22倍;导入短杆菌(Brevibacterium)2731中表达时,相应的酶活性分别提高123、23和56倍。两基因的串联表达能大幅度地提高工程菌株的苯丙氨酸发酵产量。     

人类3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶的原核表达、纯化和鉴定

为了研究3-磷酸甘油醛脱氧酶(GAPDH)化生物学功能,以pcDNA3.1-GAPDH质粒为模板,PCR方法扩增GAPDH基因,经BamHI和SalI双酶切后插入相同酶切的pET32a(+)载体,构建His-GAPDH融合蛋白表达质粒pET32a(+)-GAPDH;转化JM109感受态细胞,并进行阳性克隆筛选,扩增目的质粒;转化大肠杆菌BL21菌株,经IPTG诱导产生融合蛋白,亲和层析柱纯化后,用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测GAPDH蛋白表达情况.结果表明,构建的人GAPDH基因表达载体经序列测定证实,与GenBank数据完全一致;双酶切鉴定证实,克隆基因正确插入pET32a(+)载体;表达质粒pET32a(+)-GAPDH在大肠杆菌BL21中成功地诱导表达了可溶性His-GAPDH融合蛋白,纯化后SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测证实融合蛋白表达成功.人GAPDH原核表达载体的成功构建,及6His-GAPDH融合蛋白的正确表达,为进一步深入研究GAPDH的生物学功能奠定了基础.     

Thermus thermophilus HB8葡萄糖异构酶在大肠杆菌中表达

为了增加高热稳定性的葡萄糖异构酶的得率,采用PCR技术扩增得到Thermus thermophilusHB8葡萄糖异构酶基因xylA,连接到表达载体pET-22b( )上,获得重组质粒pET-22b( )-xylA。将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导后,通过半胱氨酸-咔唑法测葡萄糖异构酶酶活。重组菌经诱导培养,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示出明显的分子量约为44 kD特异性蛋白质条带,比酶活约为18.562 U/mg,比野生型菌株提高了2倍。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.